Safety and feasibility of video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery for stage ⅢA lung cancer

Objective： The current study was prospectively designed to explore the application of video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery （VATS） radical treatment for patients with stage ⅢA lung cancer, with the primary endpoints being the safety and feasibility of this operation and the second endpoints being the survival and complications after the surgery. Methods： A total of 51 patients with radiologically or mediastinoscopically confirmed stage ⅢA lung cancer underwent VATS radical treatment, during which the standard pulmonary lobectomy and mediastinal lymph node dissection were performed after pre-operative assessment. The operative time, intraoperative blood loss/ complications, postoperative recovery, postoperative complications, and lymph node dissection were recorded and analyzed. This study was regarded as successful if the surgical success rate reached 90% or higher. Results： A total of 51 patients with non-small cell lung cancer （NSCLC） were enrolled in this study from March 2009 to February 2010. The median post-operative follow-up duration was 50.5 months. Of these 51 patients, 41 （80.4%） had N2 lymph node metastases. All patients underwent the thoracoscopic surgeries, among whom 50 （98%） received pulmonary lobectomy and mediastinal lymph node dissection completely under the thoracoscope, 6 had their incisions extended to about 6 cm due to larger tumor sizes, and 1 had his surgery performed using a 12 cm small incision for handling the adhesions between lymph nodes and blood vessels. No patient was converted to conventional open thoracotomy. No perioperative death was noted. One patient received a second surgery on the second post-operative day due to large drainage （〉1,000 mL）, and the postoperative recovery was satisfactory. Up to 45 patients （88.2%） did not suffer from any perioperative complication, and 6 （11.8%） experienced one or more complications. Conclusions： VATS radical treatment is a safe and feasible treatment for stage ⅢA lung cancer.     

Development and validation of a nomogram for predicting the survival of patients with non-metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma after curative treatment

Background:The TNM staging system is far from perfect in predicting the survival of individual cancer patients because only the gross anatomy is considered. The survival rates of the patients who have the same TNM stage disease vary across a wide spectrum. This study aimed to develop a nomogram that incorporates other clinicopatho-logic factors for predicting the overall survival (OS) of non-metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) patients after curative treatments. Methods:We retrospectively collected the clinical data of 1520 NPC patients who were diagnosed histologically between November 2000 and September 2003. The clinical data of a separate cohort of 464 patients who received intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) between 2001 and 2010 were also retrieved to examine the extensibil-ity of the model. Cox regression analysis was used to identify the prognostic factors for building the nomogram. The predictive accuracy and discriminative ability were measured using the concordance index (c-index). Results:We identiifed and incorporated 12 independent clinical factors into the nomogram. The calibration curves showed that the prediction of OS was in good agreement with the actual observation in the internal validation set and IMRT cohort. The c-index of the nomogram was statistically higher than that of the 7th edition TNM staging sys-tem for predicting the survival in both the primary cohort (0.69 vs. 0.62) and the IMRT cohort (0.67 vs. 0.63). Conclusion:We developed and validated a novel nomogram that outperformed the TNM staging system in predict-ing the OS of non-metastatic NPC patients who underwent curative therapy.     

非小细胞肺癌组织中DNA切除修复交叉互补基因1mRNA的表达及其对预后的影响

Objective To investigate the level of ERCC1 mRNA expression in non-small cell lung cancer and analyze the influencing factors of the survival of patients after operation. Methods The level of ERCC1 mRNA expression was quantified in sixty pairs of non-small cell lung cancer tissue and their matched normal lung tissues by real-time PCR assay. The survival of patients was analyzed by univariate Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression analysis. Results The level of ERCC1 mRNA expression in cancer tissues ( -7.85 ±3.86) was significantly higher than that in matched normal ones ( - 11. 19 ±5.03;t=3.973, P=0.000). Up-regulation of ERCC1 mRNA was found in 43 of 60 (71.7% ) lung cancer tissues compared with that in the matched normal lung tissues (17 of 60, 28.3% ). The univariate survival analysis by Kaplan-Meier method showed that the survival rate of patients with high ERCC1 mRNA expression was lower than that in the patients with low expression of ERCC1 mRNA (P=0.000). Patients with lymph node metastasis, smoking, cancer family history, or high pathological grade had significantly shorter survaival time than those without lymph node metastasis, smoking, cancer family history, or with low pathological grade. Cox regression survival analysis showed that the level of ERCC1 mRNA expression, lymph node metastasis, smoking, and pathological grade were significant independent factors affecting the survival rate. Conclusions Non-small cell lung cancer patients with up-regulated ERCC1 expression have a poor survival. The expression of ERCC1 mRNA, lymph node metastasis, pathological grade, cancer family history and smoking can be used as prognostic indicator of non-small cell lung cancer.     

非小细胞肺癌组织中DNA切除修复交叉互补基因1mRNA的表达及其对预后的影响

Objective To investigate the level of ERCC1 mRNA expression in non-small cell lung cancer and analyze the influencing factors of the survival of patients after operation. Methods The level of ERCC1 mRNA expression was quantified in sixty pairs of non-small cell lung cancer tissue and their matched normal lung tissues by real-time PCR assay. The survival of patients was analyzed by univariate Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression analysis. Results The level of ERCC1 mRNA expression in cancer tissues ( -7.85 ±3.86) was significantly higher than that in matched normal ones ( - 11. 19 ±5.03;t=3.973, P=0.000). Up-regulation of ERCC1 mRNA was found in 43 of 60 (71.7% ) lung cancer tissues compared with that in the matched normal lung tissues (17 of 60, 28.3% ). The univariate survival analysis by Kaplan-Meier method showed that the survival rate of patients with high ERCC1 mRNA expression was lower than that in the patients with low expression of ERCC1 mRNA (P=0.000). Patients with lymph node metastasis, smoking, cancer family history, or high pathological grade had significantly shorter survaival time than those without lymph node metastasis, smoking, cancer family history, or with low pathological grade. Cox regression survival analysis showed that the level of ERCC1 mRNA expression, lymph node metastasis, smoking, and pathological grade were significant independent factors affecting the survival rate. Conclusions Non-small cell lung cancer patients with up-regulated ERCC1 expression have a poor survival. The expression of ERCC1 mRNA, lymph node metastasis, pathological grade, cancer family history and smoking can be used as prognostic indicator of non-small cell lung cancer.     

Depth of tumor invasion and tumor-occupied portions of stomach are predictive factors of intra-abdominal metastasis

Objective:Diagnostic laparoscopy is recommended for the pretherapeutic staging of gastric cancer to detect any unexpected or unconfirmed intra-abdominal metastasis.The aim of this study was to evaluate the role and indications of diagnostic laparoscopy in the detection of intra-abdominal metastasis.Methods:Standard diagnostic laparoscopy with peritoneal cytology examination was performed prospectively on patients who were clinically diagnosed with primary local advanced gastric cancer (cT≥2M0).We calculated the rate of intra-abdominal metastases identified by diagnostic laparoscopy,and examined the relationship between peritoneal dissemination (P) and cytology results (CY).Split-sample method was applied to find clinical risk factors for intra-abdominal metastasis.Multivariate logistic regression analysis and receiver-operator characteristic (ROC) analysis were performed in training set to find out risk factors of intra-abdominal metastasis,and then validate it in testing set.Results:Out of 249 eM0 patients,51 (20.5％) patients with intra-abdominal metastasis were identified by diagnostic laparoscopy,including 20 (8.0％) P1CY1,17 (6.8％) P0CY1 and 14 (5.6％) P1CY0 patients.In the training set,multivariate logistic regression analysis and ROC analysis showed that the depth of tumor invasion on computer tomography (CT) scan ≥21 mm and tumor-occupied ≥2 portions of stomach are predictive factors of metastasis.In the testing set,when diagnostic laparoscopy was performed on patients who had one or two of these risk factors,the sensitivity and positive predictive value for detecting intra-abdominal metastasis were 90.0％ and 32.1％,respectively.Conclusions:According to our results,depth of tumor invasion and tumor-occupied portions of stomach are predictive factors of intra-abdominal metastasis.     

胸腔镜肺叶切除术中肺动、静脉切断顺序对非小细胞肺癌患者手术疗效与安全性影响的系统评价

Objective To systematically evaluate the effect of sequence of pulmonary artery and vein transection in thoracoscopic lobectomy on the efficacy and safety of patients with non-small cell lung cancer. Methods PubMed, EMbase, Web of Science, The Cochrane Library, CNKI, Wanfang, VIP and CBM databases were searched for the researches on The post-operative efficacy of pulmonary arteriovenous and pulmonary vein resection sequence in thoracoscopic lobectomy for non-small cell lung cancer. The retrieval time is from the database construction to May 2022. Meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.4 software. Results Eight articles were included, including 3 randomized controlled studies and 5 cohort studies, with a total of 1810 patients. Meta-analysis results showed that: The operative time (MD=13.34, 95%CI(7.36, 19.32), P<0.0001) and intraoperative blood loss (MD=45.29, 95%CI(40.24, 50.35), P<0.0001) in the group with priority pulmonary vein resection were significantly higher than those in the group with priority pulmonary vein resection. The difference was statistically significant. However, the benefits of OS (HR=1.34, 95%CI (1.12, 1.60), P=0.001) and DFS (HR=1.44, 95%CI(1.18, 1.76), P=0.0003) in the group of priority pulmonary vein transection were significantly better than those in the group of priority pulmonary artery transection, with statistically significant differences. Conclusion Priority pulmonary vein transection during thoracoscopic lobectomy effectively improved patients’ OS and DFS, resulting in higher survival benefit for patients with non-small cell lung cancer, but intraoperative bleeding and operation time are more than those with priority pulmonary artery transection. © 2023, CHINA RESEARCH ON PREVENTION AND TREATMENT. All rights reserved.     

13例胃和结直肠同时性癌的临床分析

Objective： To investigate the clinical characteristics and prognosis of patients with synchronous gastric and colorectal cancer. Methods： Clinical and pathological data of 3416 cases with gastric cancer and 3109 with colorectal cancer, from March 1985 to May 2005, were analyzed retrospectively. Results： Thirteen cases were confirmed as synchronous gastric and colorectal cancer and the incidences of the disease were 0.38% in gastric cancer cases and 0.42% in colorectal cancer. Of patients suffering from synchronous gastric and colorectal cancer, 15.4% were diagnosed before the first operation and 33.3% were not diagnosed with the second cancer until it was radically dissected. The 3-year survival rate of the patients was 30.8%. Conclusion： The preoperative diagnosis rate of the synchronous gastric and colorectal cancer, the radical dissection rate of the second cancer and the 3-year survival rate after surgical removal of the second cancer were rather low. The key for enhancing the radical dissection rate of the second cancer and the survival rate after surgery for the second cancer lies in the improvement of diagnosis rate before the first operation.     

Application of blocking unilateral main pulmonary artery in pulmonary lobectomy of lung cancer

OBJECTIVE To explore the application of blocking the unilateral main pulmonary artery （MPA） in pulmonary lobectomy （PL） for patients with stage Ⅱ and Ⅲlung cancer, and to retrospectively analyze the methods of surgery for blocking the unilateral main pulmonary artery, perioperative indications, intraoperative concerns and postoperative cardio-pulmonary complications. METHODS During a period from January 2006 to January 2008, intra-pericardial, or extra-pericardial separation and blockade of the left or right MPA followed by completion of various PLs were conducted for 30 lung cancer patients in stage-Ⅱto Ⅲwith ill- defined anatomic structure of the pulmonary hilum and difficult pulmonary angiodiastasis. RESULTS In the 30 patients, 5 were diagnosed as stage-Ⅱb, 11 stage-Ⅲa, and 14 stage-Ⅲb. During the surgery, giant tumors at the superior pulmonary lobe, with a diameter of over 10 cm, were seen in 13 cases, in which tumor invasion in the extra-pericardiac pulmonary artery was found in 5 cases. Hilar lymphadenectasis with severe tumor adhesion to pulmonary blood vessel could be seen in 20 cases and partial tumorous invasion in the pericardium in 7. In most of the cases, adhesions existed around the tumor, aorta, superior vena, and azygous vein. Invasion of the laryngeal and vagus nerves on the left side was found in 3 cases. Of the 30 patients, simple PL was conducted in 12, and sleeve lobectomy combined with a pulmonary arterioplasty in 18 cases. With a blockade of unilateral MPA, no intraoperative hemorrhea of pulmonary blood vessels occurred during surgery, when there was a clear surgical field of vision. Both PL and lymphadenectomy were smoothly completed in the 30 patients. The healthy pulmonary lobes with normal function were kept and total pneumonectomy was avoided. The time of blocking the pulmonary artery ranged from 10 to 30 min, and intraoperative blood loss was from 200 to 300 ml. Postoperative complicated acute pulmonary edema occurred in 5 patients and tachycardia in 7 cases. Nevertheless, all patients recovered and left the hospital after treatment. No severe cardiopulmonary complications were found in all patients of the group. CONCLUSION Blocking the unilateral MPA is effective to decrease the risk of intraoperative hemorrhea in the PL. It can shorten the time of surgery, improve the excision rate of lung cancer, and cut down on the rate of total pneumonectomy.     

Application of Blocking Unilateral Main Pulmonary Artery in Pulmonary Lobectomy of Lung Cancer

OBJECTIVE To explore the application of blocking the unilateral main pulmonary artery (MPA) in pulmonary lobectomy (PL) for patients with stage Ⅱand Ⅲ lung cancer, and to retrospectively analyze the methods of surgery for blocking the unilateral main pulmonary artery, perioperative indications, intraoperative concerns and postoperative cardio-pulmonary complications. METHODS During a period from January 2006 to January 2008, intra-pericardial, or extra-pericardial separation and blockade of the left or right MPA followed by completion of various PLs were conducted for 30 lung cancer patients in stage-Ⅱ to Ⅲ with ill- defined anatomic structure of the pulmonary hilum and difficult pulmonary angiodiastasis.RESULTS In the 30 patients, 5 were diagnosed as stage-Ⅱb, 11 stage-Ⅲa, and 14 stage-Ⅲb. During the surgery, giant tumors at the superior pulmonary lobe, with a diameter of over 10 cm, were seen in 13 cases, in which tumor invasion in the extra-pericardiac pulmonary artery was found in 5 cases. Hilar lymphadenectasis with severe tumor adhesion to pulmonary blood vessel could be seen in 20 cases and partial tumorous invasion in the pericardium in 7. In most of the cases, adhesions existed around the tumor, aorta, superior vena, and azygous vein. Invasion of the laryngeal and vagus nerves on the left side was found in 3 cases. Of the 30 patients, simple PL was conducted in 12, and sleeve lobectomy combined with a pulmonary arterioplasty in 18 cases. With a blockade of unilateral MPA, no intraoperative hemorrhea of pulmonary blood vessels occurred during surgery, when there was a clear surgical field of vision. Both PL and lymphadenectomy were smoothly completed in the 30 patients. The healthy pulmonary lobes with normal function were kept and total pneumonectomy was avoided. The time of blocking the pulmonary artery ranged from 10 to 30 min, and intraoperative blood loss was from 200 to 300 ml. Postoperative complicated acute pulmonary edema occurred in 5 patients and tachycardia in 7 cases. Nevertheless, all patients recovered and left the hospital after treatment. No severe cardiopulmonary complications were found in all patients of the group.CONCLUSION Blocking the unilateral MPA is effective to decrease the risk of intraoperative hemorrhea in the PL. It can shorten the time of surgery, improve the excision rate of lung cancer, and cut down on the rate of total pneumonectomy.     

影响肺癌化疗患者发生肺部感染的危险因素分析

目的探讨影响肺癌化疗患者发生肺部感染的危险因素。方法对296例肺癌化疗患者进行回归性分析,收集临床资料,统计肺部感染发生率,应用单因素检验及logistic回归模型筛选出影响肺部感染的危险因素。结果296例患者中54例发生肺部感染,感染率为18. 24%。单因素分析显示,肺癌化疗患者肺部感染发生与年龄、吸烟史、高血压、糖尿病、TNM分期、治疗方法、化疗用药方案、化疗周期、化疗前KPS评分、白蛋白含量有关(P <0. 05)。多因素Logisitic回归分析显示,年龄≥60岁、TNM分期为Ⅲ~Ⅳ期、化疗用药≥2种、化疗周期> 4个、化疗前KPS评分<80分、白蛋白水平均为肺癌化疗患者肺部感染发生的危险因素(P <0. 05)。结论肺癌化疗患者肺部感染发生率较高,危险因素众多,应积极采取针对措施加强控制。     

肺癌患者术后并发肺部感染的危险因素分析

目的 探讨肺癌患者术后并发肺部感染（postoperative pulmonary infection in patients with lung cancer，PPILC）的危险因素。方法 选取2011年3月至2018年2月手术治疗的851例肺癌患者为研究对象。鉴定病原菌并采用多因素Logistic回归分析影响PPILC的危险因素。 结果 60例肺癌患者发生术后并发肺部感染，共分离出86株病原菌，其中革兰氏阴性菌占60.5%，以铜绿假单胞菌和肺炎克雷伯菌为主；革兰氏阳性菌占33.7%，以金黄色葡萄球菌和表皮葡萄球菌为主；真菌占5.8%。多因素Logistic回归分析显示，TNM分期、吸烟、年龄、合并糖尿病、慢性阻塞性肺疾病、侵入性操作、手术时间、术中出血量、机械通气时间、术后胸腔引流总量、术后血红蛋白和血清白蛋白水平、胸腔引流时间、预防性使用抗菌药物和住院时间为PPILC的影响因素（P<0.05）。结论 年龄、吸烟、合并糖尿病、慢性阻塞性肺疾病、TNM分期等可影响PPILC的发生，临床上应加强关注合并以上危险因素患者术后肺部感染的防治。     

肺腺癌患者列线图预后模型的构建与验证

目的 基于SEER数据库的大样本数据,构建肺腺癌患者生存预后的列线图预测模型.方法 回顾性分析SEER数据库收集的2010—2015年诊断为肺腺癌患者的临床数据.根据影响肺腺癌患者预后的独立因素,采用Lasso Cox回归分析构建列线图模型.C指数和校准曲线评估列线图的判别和校准能力.使用NRI和DCA曲线评估列线图的...     

肺癌患者合并肺部真菌感染的临床分析

目的 分析肺癌患者并发肺部真菌感染的影响因素及临床特点,以有效预防和控制感染。方法收集新疆肿瘤医院2007年1月~12月出院的872例肺癌患者的临床资料,对其中合并肺部真菌感染的87例资料总结,分析真菌感染的影响因素及真菌种类特点。结果 872例肺癌患者中,肺部真菌感染87例,感染发生率9.9%。真菌类型主要为念珠菌菌属（96.6%）,其中白色念珠菌（81%）为主要菌种,主要影响因素有年龄≥50岁,Ⅲ～Ⅳ期的中晚期肺癌患者、住院时间≥14天、化疗、放疗,侵袭性操作、白细胞减少≥Ⅲ度,长时间使用抗生素及激素(P＜0.05)。而患者的性别,肺癌的病理分型,是否行手术治疗与肺部真菌感染无关(P＞0.05)。结论 减少易感因素,及时治疗是降低肺癌患者真菌感染的有效措施。     

肺癌患者下呼吸道感染的现状及危险因素分析

目的探讨肺癌患者下呼吸道感染的现状及危险因素。方法选择2009年11月至2011年10月收治的肺癌患者110例,观察患者是否发生下呼吸道感染,分析患者性别、年龄、吸烟史、肺癌分期、住院时间、侵人性操作、抗生素应用是否为下呼吸道感染发生的危险因素。结果110例肺癌患者发生下呼吸道感染者71例,发生率为64．5％,以革兰阴性菌感染为主,其发生明显受到患者年龄、吸烟史、肺癌分期、住院时间、侵入性操作、抗生素应用的影响（P〈0．05）。结论肺癌患者的年龄、吸烟史、肺癌分期、住院时间、侵人性操作、抗生素应用均为发生下呼吸道感染的危险因素,临床工作中应该针对可干预的危险因素采取有效的预防措施,提高患者的生活质量。     

晚期肺癌患者肺部感染死亡危险因素分析

目的 分析肺癌伴肺部感染患者死亡的相关危险因素。方法　回顾2010年1月—2017年5月收治的186例晚期肺癌患者临床资料,其中肺部感染死亡者52例,并收集肺部感染死亡的相关危险因素。结果　晚期肺癌患者肺部感染死亡率为27.96%（52/186）。在诸多因素中,年龄（P=0.039）、BMI值（P=0.000）、组织分化程度低（P=0.003）、功能状态评分（P=0.022）、转移部位≥3（P=0.029）、合并症（P=0.034）、多重耐药菌感染（P=0.000）、血红蛋白浓度<90 g/L（P=0.014）等在死亡组和非死亡组之间差异具有统计学意义。结论　年龄（≥60岁）、BMI值（<20 kg/m²）、组织分化程度（低）、抗肿瘤治疗药物（≥3种）、靶向药物治疗、转移部位（≥3）、合并症、多重耐药菌感染、血红蛋白浓度（<90 g/L）等是晚期肺癌患者肺部感染死亡的主要危险因素。     

肺癌合并严重冠心病同期外科手术治疗经验

背景与目的临床上肺癌合并严重冠心病患者逐年增多,本文旨在总结同期心肺手术治疗这类患者的临床经验,为临床诊治工作提供参考。方法回顾性分析2003年-2012年我科完成18例同期手术的临床资料。男性16例,女性2例,平均年龄66.11岁。临床TNM分期多为Ⅰ期/Ⅱ期病例,心肺功能良好。结果本组病例无手术死亡及新发心肌梗塞。病理诊断鳞癌10例,腺癌8例,病理TNM分期Ia期2例,Ⅰb期8例,Ⅱa期3例,Ⅱb期3例,Ⅲa期2例。术后常见并发症为心律失常、肺不张、肺部感染。手术时间、术后引流量、带管时间及输血量腔镜组均较开胸组有明显下降,两组生存率无统计学差异(P=0.187)。结论同期手术治疗肺癌合并严重冠心病安全、有效。胸腔镜使用创伤小,效果较确切。     

肺癌患者胸腔镜术后心肺并发症预测模型的建立与分析北大核心

目的:探讨肺癌患者胸腔镜术后心肺并发症的影响因素,建立列线图预测模型,并对其敏感性与可靠性进行验证。方法:回顾性分析2017年至2020年期间我院胸外科接受胸腔镜手术治疗的242例肺癌患者的临床数据,根据是否出现术后心肺并发症分为并发症组(55例)和无并发症组(187例)。采用单因素及多因素Logistic回归模型分析心肺并发症的危险因素,并构建列线图预测模型。编制校准曲线以确定模型的一致性,通过时间相关的受试者工作特征曲线(receiver operating characteristic curve,ROC)、决策曲线分析(decision curve analysis,DCA)评价该列线图模型的预测效果。结果:单因素分析显示,性别、年龄、高血压、糖尿病、慢性阻塞性肺疾病(chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,COPD)和术中出血量均是肺癌患者胸腔镜术后心肺并发症的影响因素(P<0.05)。多因素回归分析显示,年龄、高血压、糖尿病、COPD和术中出血量是术后心肺并发症的独立风险因素(P<0.05)。校准曲线表明该模型拟合较好;ROC曲线下面积(area under curve,AUC)为0.817(95%CI:0.757~0.877),灵敏度为89.09%,特异度为60.43%;DCA结果表明该模型具有较高的净获益水平。结论:本研究建立了列线图模型,对肺癌患者胸腔镜术后心肺并发症有较好的预测能力及良好的临床应用价值。     

2004年和2014年长沙城区肺结核合并肺癌流行病学比较分析

目的:分析2004年和2014年长沙城区肺结核合并肺癌患者性别、年龄、吸烟史、肺结核分型、肺癌病理类型的差异,了解近年来长沙城区肺结核合并肺癌的流行趋势。方法:统计分析长沙市中心医院2004年和2014年收治的长沙城区肺结核合并肺癌患者的临床资料。结果:与2004年相比,2014年肺结核合并肺癌患者人数较前明显增加,老年、男性、吸烟为高危因素。 结论:十年来,肺结核合并肺癌人数增加,流行趋势未见明显变化。     

老年肺癌住院死亡患者肺部感染影响因素分析

目的 探讨晚期老年肺癌住院患者死亡原因及肺部感染影响因素。方法 回顾性分析88例晚期老年肺癌住院患者死亡病例临床资料。结果 本组肺癌患者均≥65岁,功能状态评分>2分者占81.82%,90%以上至少有一处转移,基础病多,住院期间侵入性操作多,肺部感染是最主要的并发症,预后差,占死亡原因68.18%。病原菌以革兰氏阴性菌为主,常伴有真菌感染。3种以上抗肿瘤治疗、胸腔积液、肺部转移、住院时间长是肺部感染的危险因素。结论 肺部感染是晚期老年肺癌患者主要并发症和死亡原因。尽早发现转移灶,有效处理肺部及胸膜转移,减少易感因素,根据痰培养结果及时控制感染,是提高晚期老年肺癌患者治疗效果的关键。