HPLC法测定苯噻啶含量及其有关物质

本文采用HPLC法测定苯噻啶对照品含量及其有关物质。色谱柱KromasilC18(2 5 0× 4 6mm ,5 μm) ,流动相 :乙腈 -水 -三乙胺 (5 5∶4 5∶0 2 ,磷酸调节溶液pH3 5 ) ,检测波长 :2 5 4nm ,流速 :1 0ml·min-1,进样量 :2 0 μl。苯噻啶在浓度 6 5～ 2 0 8μg·ml-1浓度范围内线性关系良好。回归方程A =64185 74 +81992 3C ,r=0 99998。平均回收率 10 0 1% (n =6) ,RSD为 0 5 8%。本法简便、灵敏、准确     

HPLC法测定磷酸咯萘啶注射液的含量

目的：建立HPLC法测定磷酸咯萘啶注射液的方法。方法色谱柱为 Kromasil C18（150×4．6mm,5μm）;柱温30℃;以乙腈－0．3％三乙胺溶液（磷酸调pH至3．0）（15∶85）为流动相;流速为1．0mL? min －1;检测波长为277nm。采用外标法测定磷酸咯萘啶的含量。结果磷酸咯萘啶在20．0～160．0μg? mL －1范围内,线性关系良好（r＝1．0000,n＝5）,平均回收率为：100．3％,RSD＝0．2％。结论本方法操作简单,结果准确可靠,可以有效地用于控制磷酸咯萘啶注射液的药品质量。     

HPLC同时测定复方双氢青蒿素片中磷酸哌喹与甲氧苄啶的含量

目的　建立HPLC法 ,测定复方双氢青蒿素片中磷酸哌喹与甲氧苄啶的含量。方法　LichrospherCN色谱柱 (2 5 0mm×4 .6mm ,5 μm) ,流动相为 0 .0 4mol·L-1磷酸二氢钾溶液 (稀盐酸调pH 2 .5 ) -乙腈 (90∶10 ) ,检测波长 2 80nm。结果　磷酸哌喹在 1.6～ 8μg范围内、甲氧苄啶在 0 .4 5～ 2 .2 5 μg范围内 ,其峰面积与进样量呈良好的线性关系。磷酸哌喹的平均回收率为 99.6 % ,RSD =1.17% (n =9) ;甲氧苄啶的平均回收率为 98.7% ,RSD =1.2 6 % (n =9)。结论　所用方法准确、快速、简便 ,适用于复方制剂中磷酸哌喹与甲氧苄啶的同时测定 ,可作为同类产品的质量控制方法。     

HPLC法测定苯噻啶的含量

建立苯噻啶对照品含量测定的HPLC方法。色谱柱 :KromasilC18(2 5 0× 4 6mm ,5 μm) ,流动相 :乙腈 -水 -三乙胺 (5 5∶4 5∶0 2 ) ,检测波长 :2 5 6nm ,流速 :1 0ml·min- 1,进样量 :2 0 μl。苯噻啶在浓度为 6 5～ 2 0 8μg·ml- 1浓度范围内线性关系良好。回归方程为A =6 4185 74 +81992 3×C ,r =0 99998。本法简便、灵敏、准确。     

高效液相色谱法测定泰唑洗液中甲硝唑和醋酸氯己啶的含量

目的　建立泰唑洗液中甲硝唑和醋酸氯己啶含量的HPLC测定方法。方法　采用C18柱 (2 5 0mm× 4 .6mm ,10 μm ) ,流动相为甲醇 乙腈 三乙胺缓冲液 (0 .0 5mol·mL-1,用磷酸调节 pH至 2 .5 ) (30∶ 30∶ 4 0 ,v/v ) ,内标物为醋酸泼尼松。流速为 1.0mL·min-1,检测波长为 2 5 4nm。结果　线性范围 :甲硝唑 32～ 12 8μg·mL-1(r =0 .99996 ) ,醋酸氯己啶 2 0～80 μg·mL-1(r =0 .99997)。精密度 :日内及日间RSD为 :甲硝唑 0 .12 % (n =6 )和 0 .32 % (n =5 ) ;醋酸氯己啶 0 .18% (n =6 )和 0 .35 % (n =5 )。平均回收率甲硝唑为 10 0 .4 % (RSD =0 .19%n =5 ) ,醋酸氯己啶为 99.94 % (RSD= 0 .2 0 % ,n =5 )。结论　本法简便 ,快速 ,准确 ,可用于该制剂的质量控制     

HPLC法测定复方黄连素注射液中甲氧苄啶和硫酸氢黄连素的含量

采用高效液相色谱法分离复方黄连素注射液中的甲氧苄啶和硫酸氢黄连素 ,色谱柱为KromasilODS( 5 μm ,4 6mm× 2 5 0mm) ,流动相为乙腈— 0 0 0 5mol·L-1庚烷磺酸钠溶液 ( 4 0∶60 ,用冰醋酸调节pH至3 0 ) ,流速 1 0ml·min-1,检测波长 2 70nm。线性范围甲氧苄啶 7 5 1～ 15 0 12 μg·ml-1,r =0 9999;硫酸氢黄连素 2 5 1～ 5 0 14μg·ml-1,r =0 9999。回收率甲氧苄啶 10 0 3%;硫酸氢黄连素 99 9%。本方法简便 ,结果准确可靠 ,适用于该制剂 2组分的同时测定。     

高效液相色谱法测定盐酸氯胺酮注射液的含量

目的　采用HPLC法测定盐酸氯胺酮注射液的含量。方法　采用AgilentODS色谱柱 ,4 6mm× 2 5 0mm ,5 μm ,流动相 :四氢呋喃 -水 -三乙胺 (5∶95∶0 2 )磷酸调节 pH值 3 5 ,检测波长 :2 6 9nm ,流速为 1 0ml·min-1。结果　加样回收率为99 6 % (RSD为 0 8% ,n =9) ;盐酸氯胺酮在 0 4 0 4mg·ml-1～ 1 6 16mg·ml-1范围内浓度与面积呈良好的线性关系。结论　本法测定盐酸氯胺酮注射液的含量 ,结果准确 ,重复性好     

HPLC法测定阿莫西林克拉维酸钾分散片的含量

采用HPLC法测定阿莫西林克拉维酸钾分散片的含量。用PhenomenexC18(4 6× 15 0mm 5 μm)色谱柱;甲醇 -0 0 5 7mol·L-1磷酸二氢钠缓冲液(用磷酸或 10N的氢氧化钠调pH值至 4 4± 0 1)(5∶95 )为流动相;检测波长为 2 2 0nm。阿莫西林在 4 0 4 8～ 2 0 2 4 0 μg·ml-1浓度范围内呈良好线性(r =0 9999),最低检出限 0 0 4ng;克拉维酸在 4 0 0 8～ 2 0 0 4 0 μg·ml-1浓度范围内呈良好线性(r =0 9999),最低检出限 0 0 8ng。阿莫西林及克拉维酸钾的回收率分别为 10 0 1%( RSD =0 6 8%)和 99 8% ( RSD =1 2 6 %)     

RP-HPLC测定大鼠服用大川芎丸提取物后血浆中的天麻素

目的　建立测定大鼠血浆中天麻素的方法。方法　应用无水乙醇沉淀蛋白 ,醇溶液用N2 气流吹干后用RP -HPLC直接测定。以Diamonsil(TM)钻石C1 8色谱柱 (5 μm ,4 .6mm× 15 0mm)为固定相 ,乙腈 -水 -磷酸 (2 .6 4∶97.36∶0 .2 )为流动相 ,流速1.0ml·min- 1 ,检测波长 2 2 1nm。间苯三酚做内标。结果　天麻素的最低检测限为 0 .2ng ,最低血浆检测浓度为 4ng·ml- 1 ,线性范围 4～ 16 0 0 0ng·ml- 1 (r=0 .9988)。平均加样回收率 94 .6 %。结论　该方法灵敏、快速、简便、专一性和重复性好     

高效液相色谱法测定氯麻滴鼻液中氯霉素和盐酸麻黄碱的含量

目的 :建立测定氯麻滴鼻液中氯霉素和盐酸麻黄碱含量的高效液相色谱法。方法 :采用反相 μ Bondpak色谱柱 ,甲醇- 0 .0 2mol·L-1磷酸二氢钾 (5 5∶45 ,磷酸调 pH值3.5 )为流动相 ,检测波长 2 5 4nm。结果 :氯霉素和盐酸麻黄碱的线性范围分别为 2 0～ 12 0 μg·ml-1(r =0 .9998) ,80～ 480 μg·ml-1(r =0 .9998) ;加样回收率分别为 10 1.4% ,RSD =0 .5 %及 10 0 .8% ,RSD =0 .9% (n =5 ) ,日内RSD分别为 0 .9%和 0 .4% (n =5 ) ,日间RSD分别为 1.0 %和 0 .8% (n =4)。结论 :HPLC法可用于本制剂的含量测定和质量控制 ,方法简便、灵敏、结果准确     

Synthesis,Cytotoxicity and Antileishmanial Activity of Some N-(2-(indol-3-yl)ethyl)-7-chloroquinolin-4-amines

We report herein the condensation of 4,7-dichloroquinoline (1) with tryptamine (2) and D-tryptophan methyl ester (3) . Hydrolysis of the methyl ester adduct (5) yielded the free acid (6) . The compounds were evaluated in vitro for activity against four different species of Leishmania promastigote forms and for cytotoxic activity against Kb and Vero cells. Compound (5) showed good activity against the Leishmania species tested, while all three compounds displayed moderate activity in both Kb and Vero cells.     

Efficacy of gut lavage,hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the therapy of paraquat or diquat intoxication

Clinical and in vitro investigations were carried out to test the efficacy of gut lavage, hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the treatment of poisoning with paraquat or diquat. In a patient suffering from diquat intoxication 130 times more diquat was removed by gut lavage 30 h after ingestion than was removed by complete aspiration of the gastric contents.Determination of in vitro clearances for paraquat and diquat by hemodialysis showed that, at serum concentrations of 1–2 ppm, such as are frequently encountered in poisoning in man, toxicologically relevant quantities of herbicide cannot be removed from the body. At a concentration of 20 ppm, on the other hand, hemodialysis proved to be effective, the clearance being 70 ml/min at a blood flow rate of 100 ml/min. The efficacy of hemoperfusion with coated activated charcoal was on the whole better. Especially at concentrations around 1–2 ppm, the clearance values for hemoperfusion were some 5–7 times higher than those for hemodialysis.In a patient suffering from paraquat poisoning, both hemodialysis as well as hemoperfusion were carried out. The in vitro results could be confirmed: At serum concentrations of paraquat less than 1 ppm no clearance could be obtained by hemodialysis while by hemoperfusion with activated charcoal quite high clearance values were measured and the serum level dropped down to zero.

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Zusammenfassung Klinische Untersuchungen und Laboratoriumsversuche wurden durchgeführt, um die Wirksamkeit von Darmspülung, Hämodialyse und Hämoperfusion bei Paraquat- und Deiquat-Vergiftungen zu prüfen.Bei einem Patienten wurde 30 Std nach Deiquat-Aufnahme durch Darmspülung 130mal mehr Deiquat entfernt als durch vollständige Aspiration des Mageninhaltes. In vitro-Versuche ergaben, daß bei Blutserumkonzentrationen von 1–2 ppm, die bei Vergiftungen oft gemessen werden, durch Hämodialyse keine toxikologisch relevanten Paraquat- oder Deiquat-Mengen entfernt werden können. Dagegen erwies sich die Hämodialyse bei 20 ppm und einer Blutumlaufgeschwindigkeit von 100 ml/min mit einer Clearance von 70 ml/min als wirksam. Die Hämoperfusion mit beschicheter Aktivkohle war in diesen Versuchen aber eindeutig überlegen, denn insbesondere bei Konzentrationen um 1–2 ppm waren die Clearance-Werte 5–7mal höher als bei der Hämodialyse.Die in vitro-Ergebnisse wurden bei einem Patienten mit einer Paraquat-Vergiftung bestätigt: Bei Konzentrationen unter 1 ppm war die Hämodialyse wirkungslos, während durch Hämoperfusion relativ hohe Clearance-Werte erreicht wurden, so daß der Serumspiegel rasch unter die Nachweisgrenze abfiel.

     

In vitro studies on sterically stabilized liposomes (SL) as enzyme carriers in organophosphorus (OP) antagonism

This study describes a new approach for organophosphorous (OP) antidotal treatment by encapsulating an OP hydrolyzing enzyme, OPA anhydrolase (OPAA), within sterically stabilized liposomes. The recombinant OPAA enzyme was derived from Alteromonas strain JD6. It has broad substrate specificity to a wide range of OP compounds: DFP and the nerve agents, soman and sarin. Liposomes encapsulating OPAA (SL)* were made by mechanical dispersion method. Hydrolysis of DFP by (SL)* was measured by following an increase of fluoride ion concentration using a fluoride ion selective electrode. OPAA entrapped in the carrier liposomes rapidly hydrolyze DFP, with the rate of DFP hydrolysis directly proportional to the amount of (SL)* added to the solution. Liposomal carriers containing no enzyme did not hydrolyze DFP. The reaction was linear and the rate of hydrolysis was first order in the substrate. This enzyme carrier system serves as a biodegradable protective environment for the recombinant OP-metabolizing enzyme, OPAA, resulting in prolongation of enzymatic concentration in the body. These studies suggest that the protection of OP intoxication can be strikingly enhanced by adding OPAA encapsulated within (SL)* to pralidoxime and atropine.     

Lung disease and PKCs

The lung offers a rich opportunity for development of therapeutic strategies focused on isozymes of protein kinase C (PKCs). PKCs are important in many cellular responses in the lung, and existing therapies for pulmonary disorders are inadequate. The lung poses unique challenges as it interfaces with air and blood, contains a pulmonary and systemic circulation, and consists of many cell types. Key structures are bronchial and pulmonary vessels, branching airways, and distal air sacs defined by alveolar walls containing capillaries and interstitial space. The cellular composition of each vessel, airway, and alveolar wall is heterogeneous. Injurious environmental stimuli signal through PKCs and cause a variety of disorders. Edema formation and pulmonary hypertension (PHTN) result from derangements in endothelial, smooth muscle (SM), and/or adventitial fibroblast cell phenotype. Asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and lung cancer are characterized by distinctive pathological changes in airway epithelial, SM, and mucous-generating cells. Acute and chronic pneumonitis and fibrosis occur in the alveolar space and interstitium with type 2 pneumocytes and interstitial fibroblasts/myofibroblasts playing a prominent role. At each site, inflammatory, immune, and vascular progenitor cells contribute to the injury and repair process. Many strategies have been used to investigate PKCs in lung injury. Isolated organ preparations and whole animal studies are powerful approaches especially when genetically engineered mice are used. More analysis of PKC isozymes in normal and diseased human lung tissue and cells is needed to complement this work. Since opposing or counter-regulatory effects of selected PKCs in the same cell or tissue have been found, it may be desirable to target more than one PKC isozyme and potentially in different directions. Because multiple signaling pathways contribute to the key cellular responses important in lung biology, therapeutic strategies targeting PKCs may be more effective if combined with inhibitors of other pathways for additive or synergistic effect. Mechanisms that regulate PKC activity, including phosphorylation and interaction with isozyme-specific binding proteins, are also potential therapeutic targets. Key isotypes of PKC involved in lung pathophysiology are summarized and current and evolving therapeutic approaches to target them are identified.     

Steroidal sapogenin contents in some domestic plants

In order to find out the values of the steroid resources for the future use. the compositions and contents of steroidal sapogenins from 13 domestic plants have been investigated. As a result,Dioscorea nipponica, D. quinqueloba andSmilax china were found to have large amount of diosgenin. And pennogenin inTrillium kamtschaticum andParis verticillata, yuccagenin inAllium fistulosum, hecogenin inAgave americana and neochlorogenin inSolanum nigum were appeared to be major steroidal sapogenins.