血管内皮生长因子C在维吾尔族妇女宫颈病变组织及血清中表达的临床研究

目的检测血管内皮生长因子C（VEGF．C）在新疆维吾尔族妇女宫颈病变中组织表达及血清含量,评价组织及血清中VEGF—C的相关性及临床意义。方法①应用免疫组织化学方法检测22例慢性宫颈炎、24例宫颈上皮内瘤变（CIN）及43例宫颈鳞癌组织中VEGF—C的表达。②用酶联免疫吸附实验（ELISA）方法检测15例慢性宫颈炎、23例CIN及40例宫颈鳞癌患者血清中VEGF—C的含量。结果①慢性宫颈炎、CIN及宫颈癌组织中VEGF—C阳性表达率分别为9．10％、87．50％、100％,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。②慢性宫颈炎、CIN和宫颈癌患者血清中VEGF—C含量呈逐渐增高趋势,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。③慢性宫颈炎、CIN和宫颈鳞癌患者组织及血清中VEGF—C的表达及含量,两者之间有相关性,差异有统计学意义（r=0．27,F=5．327,P〈0．05）,组织表达越强,血清含量越高。结论VEGF．C在新疆维吾尔族妇女CIN及宫颈鳞癌的转变过程中起一定的作用。     

新疆维吾尔族妇女宫颈上皮内瘤变及宫颈癌中FHIT、P16~(INK4a)、RARβ蛋白的表达及意义

目的探讨脆性组氨酸三联体(fragile histidine triad,FHIT)、P16INK4a与视黄酸受体β(retinoic acid receptor-beta,RARβ)蛋白在新疆维吾尔族妇女宫颈上皮内瘤变(cervical intra-epithelial neoplasia,CIN)及宫颈癌中的表达及其意义。方法采用免疫组化链霉素抗生物素蛋白-过氧化物酶链接(SP)法检测20例慢性宫颈INK4a炎、30例CIN(CINⅠ、CINⅡ、CINⅢ各10例)以及40例浸润性宫颈鳞癌组织标本中FHIT、P16INK4a及RARβ蛋白的表达。结果(1)FHIT蛋白阳性表达率依次为慢性宫颈炎(90.00%)CIN(66.67%)浸润性宫颈鳞癌INK4a(27.50%)(P=0.000);P16和RARβ蛋白阳性表达率依次为浸润性宫颈鳞癌(82.50%;90.00%)CIN(46.67%;53.33%)慢性宫颈炎(0.00%;10.00%)(P=0.000;P=0.000)。(2)在宫颈各组织中,FHIT蛋白INK4a与P16INK4a蛋白表达呈负相关(r=-0.384,P=0.000);FHIT蛋白与RARβ蛋白表达呈负相关(r=-0.291,P=0.006);P16INK4a蛋白与RARβ蛋白表达呈正相关(r=0.445,P=0.000)。结论抑癌基因FHIT表达缺失与P16INK4a和RARβ过度表达与宫颈癌的发生发展密切相关,并且FHIT、P16INK4a、RARβ具有协同作用。FHIT蛋白与P16INK4a蛋白和RARβ蛋白的联合检测可作为宫颈癌早期诊断和宫颈癌进展的分子指标。     

宫颈鳞癌中p16、p21WAF1、Rb、cyclinE蛋白的表达

目的通过观察p16、p21WAF1、Rb、cyclinE 4种细胞周期相关蛋白在宫颈鳞状细胞癌中的表达,探讨它们在宫颈癌的细胞周期调控中的作用.方法采用免疫组化Eli Vision二步法对88例宫颈鳞癌组织,16例宫颈上皮内病变(CIN)组织,15例宫颈炎组织进行p16、p21WAF1、Rb、cyclinE 4种蛋白表达的检测.结果p16、p21WAA1、cyclinE在宫颈癌中的表达高于宫颈炎(P＜0.05);Rb在宫颈癌的表达少于宫颈炎(P＜0.05);Rb与p16在宫颈癌中的表达呈负相关(r=-0.675,P＜0.05).结论宫颈癌细胞周期G1期中,由于Rb蛋白的缺失,使cyclinE表达升高,致使癌细胞增生;同时,p16、p21WAF1蛋白在宫颈癌中的表达增高,并失去抑制作用.     

HuR蛋白在宫颈上皮内瘤变及宫颈鳞癌中的表达及意义

目的探讨人抗原R(human antigen R,HuR,HuR)在宫颈上皮内瘤变及宫颈鳞癌中的表达及其临床意义。方法利用免疫组织化学(SP法)检测HuR蛋白在91例慢性宫颈炎组织,31例CINⅠ,14例CINⅡ,7例CINⅢ,31例宫颈鳞癌组织中的表达情况。结果免疫组织化学显示HuR蛋白在慢性宫颈炎组,宫颈病变组,宫颈鳞癌组均有表达,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。HuR蛋白与宫颈鳞状细胞癌的临床分期及淋巴结的转移有关(P0.05),与鳞癌组织学分级无统计学差异(P0.05)。结论宫颈上皮内瘤变及宫颈鳞癌的发展与胞浆中HuR蛋白的过表达密切相关。     

新疆维吾尔族妇女宫颈上皮内瘤变及宫颈癌中树突状细胞的检测及意义

目的探讨树突状细胞在新疆维吾尔族妇女宫颈上皮内瘤变(cervical intraepithelial neoplasia,CIN)及宫颈癌中的检测及意义。方法 将HLA-DR、CD1a、S-100蛋白作为DC特异性标记物,采用免疫组织化学方法对20例慢性宫颈炎、70例CIN(CINⅠ25例、CINⅡ25例、CINⅢ20例)以及40例浸润性宫颈鳞癌组织标本中DC的分布和表达进行检测。结果 S-100、CD1a和HLA-DR阳性表达率依次为浸润性宫颈鳞癌(65.00%,55.00%,62.50%)>CIN(50.00%,44.29%,40.00%)>慢性宫颈炎(30.00%,20.00%,25.00%),差异具有统计学意义(P=0.035,P=0.037,P=0.012),S-100、CD1a和HLA-DR分布于癌组织及癌巢附近的间质中。在宫颈各组织中,CD1a与S-100蛋白表达呈正相关(r=0.330,P=0.000);CD1a与HLA-DR表达也呈正相关(r=0.267,P=0.002);而S-100蛋白与HLA-DR表达没有相关性(r=0.065,P=0.461)。结论人宫颈上皮内瘤变至浸润癌变过程中树突状细胞特异性标记物S-100、HLA-DR、CD1a表达强度发生变化,提示宫颈病变局部的免疫功能发生了改变。     

维吾尔族妇女宫颈癌人乳头状瘤病毒感染与人类白细胞抗原Ⅰ类基因表达缺失的关系及其意义

目的 研究维吾尔族妇女宫颈癌中人乳头状瘤病毒(HPV)感染和人类白细胞抗原Ⅰ类(HLA-Ⅰ)家族基因HLA-A、B和C表达的关系,探讨HPV感染和HLA-Ⅰ类家族基因表达缺失在宫颈癌演进过程中的作用.方法 收集维吾尔族妇女宫颈炎、宫颈上皮内瘤样病变(CIN)Ⅰ/Ⅱ/Ⅲ和宫颈鳞癌患者的新鲜组织标本共78例,提取总RNA,采用半定量RT-PCR方法鉴定HLA-A、B和C基因的mRNA表达水平.提取组织DNA,采用HPV通用引物和HPV分型芯片确定HPV亚型.结果 HLA-A、B和C基因的总体mRNA表达缺失率随着宫颈病变的加重而增加,在宫颈炎组织内为1/12,在CIN及宫颈鳞癌分别占70.0%(14/20)和84.8%(39/46),在恶性程度高的低分化癌组织中高达90.6%(29/32),并与高危型HPV16感染呈正相关(r=0.803,P＜0.01).结论 HLA-Ⅰ类基因的表达缺失是维吾尔族妇女宫颈癌发生的重要标志,而HPV16感染可能是HLA-Ⅰ分子表达缺失的前提条件.     

长链非编码RNA linc-STXBP5-1在宫颈癌中的表达及其干预效应分析

目的:检测长链非编码RNA linc-STXBP5-1在宫颈癌组织中的表达及意义,细胞学水平分析其对宫颈癌细胞活力及侵袭力的影响。方法:Real-time PCR检测48例宫颈鳞癌组织、9例宫颈上皮内瘤变(CIN)Ⅱ-Ⅲ、20例CINⅠ和20例正常宫颈组织linc-STXBP5-1的表达水平;分析linc-STXBP5-1在不同病理级别和临床分期宫颈鳞癌中的表达情况;linc-STXBP5-1 siRNA干预HPV16(+)Si Ha宫颈癌细胞后,检测细胞活力;Transwell侵袭实验检测沉默linc-STXBP5-1后Si Ha宫颈癌细胞的侵袭能力;最后检测linc-STXBP5-1在宫颈癌细胞胞浆及胞核的定位表达。结果:宫颈鳞癌及CINⅡ-Ⅲ组织linc-STXBP5-1表达明显高于CINⅠ及正常宫颈组织(P0.05);宫颈鳞癌与CINⅡ-Ⅲ之间以及CINⅠ与正常宫颈组织间linc-STXBP5-1表达差异无统计学显著性;linc-STXBP5-1表达与宫颈癌临床病理分析显示,病理分级属于G3的宫颈鳞癌组织linc-STXBP5-1的表达量明显高于G1、G2组织(P0.05);临床分期中属于Ⅲ和Ⅳ期的宫颈鳞癌组织也明显高于Ⅰ和Ⅱ期(P0.05);linc-STXBP5-1表达水平与不同年龄、肿瘤直径和肿瘤类型未见显著相关性。利用siRNA下调Si Ha宫颈癌细胞linc-STXBP5-1表达后,细胞活力和侵袭能力显著降低;定位表达分析提示linc-STXBP5-1主要表达于宫颈癌细胞的细胞核中,仅有少许表达于细胞浆中。结论:肿瘤组织上调表达的linc-STXBP5-1可作为促癌基因参与宫颈癌的发生发展过程。     

HPV感染、宫颈炎、CIN及宫颈癌患者的宫颈黏膜脱落细胞端粒酶定量研究

目的 检测研究表明女性在感染人乳头瘤病毒（HPV）后引起宫颈炎、宫颈上皮内瘤变（CIN）及进而发展为宫颈癌时其宫颈黏膜脱落细胞端粒酶活性量发生变化,探其对筛查和早期诊治女性宫颈癌患者的临床价值.方法 选HPV检测阴性的正常对照组26例、HPV阳性组28例、HPV阳性宫颈炎组27例、HPV阳性CIN组26例、宫颈癌组24例、HPV阴性宫颈炎组26例、HPV阴性CIN组23例共七个检测组,采集宫颈黏膜脱落细胞标本以293细胞为阳性标准进行端粒酶TRAP实时荧光定量检测.结果 端粒酶活性定量值：正常对照组,范围0～3.15、平均0.36;HPV阳性组,范围0～21.6、平均1.98,＞10的3例;HPV阳性宫颈炎组,范围0～71.5、平均4.88,＞10的4例;HPV阳性CIN组,范围0～ 407、平均20.8,＞10的5例;宫颈癌组,范围1.2 ～5.5＆#215;106、中位数346,其中＜10的4例;HPV阴性宫颈炎组,范围0～66.6、平均4.19,＞10的3例;HPV阴性CIN组,范围0 ～158、平均14.2.统计学分析宫颈癌组与其他各组比较差异有统计学意义（P＜0.01）,HPV阳性CIN组与正常对照组比较有统计学意义（P＜0.05）,其余各组间两两比较无统计学意义（P＞0.05）.结论 女性在感染HPV并引起宫颈炎、CIN阶段,其宫颈黏膜脱落细胞端粒酶活性逐步增高,在宫颈癌阶段增高最为显著,因此对采取宫颈黏膜脱落细胞进行端粒酶活性定量检测,可作为对女性宫颈癌的有效筛查和早期诊断手段之一.     

SNIP1在宫颈鳞状细胞癌中的表达及意义

目的:探究Smad核内相关蛋白1(Smad nuclear interacting protein 1,SNIP1)在正常宫颈上皮组织及宫颈鳞状细胞癌(宫颈鳞癌)组织中的表达及其意义.方法:免疫组织化学方法及实时荧光定量PCR(Real-time PCR)技术检测SNIP1在23例正常宫颈组织(正常宫颈组)、25例早期宫颈鳞癌组织(Ⅰ a～Ⅱa期)(早期宫颈鳞癌组)和45例晚期宫颈鳞癌组织(Ⅱb～Ⅲb期)(晚期宫颈鳞癌组)中的表达.结果:免疫组织化学方法显示SNIP1蛋白在正常宫颈组、早期宫颈鳞癌组及晚期宫颈鳞癌组中胞质强阳性表达率分别为0,36.0％和73.3％;胞核强阳性表达率分别为17.4％,44.0％和71.1％,且三组间胞质与胞核的表达差异均具有统计学意义(P＜0.01).在伴有淋巴结转移的宫颈鳞癌病例中,SNIP1在胞质、胞核中的强阳性率分别高于不伴淋巴结转移病例,且差异有统计学意义(P＜0.001).Real-time PCR技术检测显示SNIP1 mRNA在正常宫颈组、早期宫颈鳞癌组及晚期宫颈鳞癌组中表达呈递增趋势,除了正常宫颈组与早期宫颈鳞癌组间差异无统计学意义外,其余各组间差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论:SNIP1可能参与调控宫颈鳞癌的进展及侵袭转移过程的发生,并有望成为宫颈鳞癌侵袭转移情况的预测因子.     

Expression and significance of EZH2 in cervical cancers of Uygur women

目的 观察EZH2(Enhancer of Zeste Homolog 2)蛋白在维吾尔族妇女宫颈癌和对照组中的表达,探讨其与维吾尔族妇女宫颈癌临床病理因素之间的关系.方法 应用免疫组化和Western blot法检测维吾尔族妇女正常宫颈或慢性宫颈炎和宫颈癌组织中EZH2蛋白的表达.结果 用免疫组化检测出EZH2在维吾尔族正常宫颈和宫颈癌中的阳性率分别为28.89%和61.02%,Western blot法检测显示EZH2/GADPH在宫颈癌中为1.172 2,对照组为0.994 4,差异均具有统计学意义.宫颈癌组中EZH2与年龄、临床分期、病理分级均无关.结论 EZH2在维吾尔族妇女宫颈癌中过表达,在宫颈癌的发生、发展过程中起一定作用,其检测对宫颈癌的早期诊断有一定的参考价值.     

Role of cervical screening in older women

Objective

To review the literature concerning the role of cervical screening in women 60 years and older.

Methods

Literature review was conducted using PubMed and the search terms cervical neoplasm, cancer, middle aged, elderly, aged, postmenopausal, cervical cytology and screening. To be included in the review, the article must have been in the English language. The search focused on publications from 2000 forward.

Results

The case control and modeling studies that addressed the role of cervical cytology screening in women 60 and older were reviewed. The outcomes of interest included: (1) the benefits of screening in terms of decrease rate of cervical cancer incidence (6 studies) and mortality (3 studies); (2) the duration of protection of the last screening test (4 studies); and (3) the harms of screening older women including false positive test results and cost.

Conclusions

Cervical cytology screening is beneficial for women over 60 years in terms of preventing the occurrence and death from cervical cancer. A negative cytology test appears to have 5 years of protection in this age group. Age of last screen with in an organized screening program may differ compared to the goals and wishes of individual women.     

Mechanical and biochemical properties of human cervical tissue

The mechanical integrity of cervical tissue is crucial for maintaining a healthy gestation. Altered tissue biochemistry can cause drastic changes in the mechanical properties of the cervix and contribute to premature cervical dilation and delivery. We present an investigation of the mechanical and biochemical properties of cervical samples from human hysterectomy specimens. Three clinical cases were investigated: nonpregnant hysterectomy patients with previous vaginal deliveries; nonpregnant hysterectomy patients with no previous vaginal deliveries; and pregnant hysterectomy patients at time of cesarean section. Tissue samples were tested in confined compression, unconfined compression and tension. Cervical tissue samples for the three clinical cases were also subjected to biochemical analysis. Biochemical assays measured cervical tissue hydration, collagen content, collagen extractability and sulfated glycosaminoglycan (GAG) content. Results from the mechanical tests indicate that cervical stroma has a nonlinear, time-dependent stress response with varying degrees of conditioning and hysteresis depending on its obstetric background. It was found that the nonpregnant tissue was significantly stiffer than the pregnant tissue in both tension and compression. Further, collagen extractability, sulfated GAG content and hydration were substantially higher in the pregnant tissue. This study is the first important step towards the attainment of an improved understanding of the complex interplay between the molecular structure of cervical tissue and its macroscopic mechanical properties.     

脊髓型颈椎病合并椎体分节不良的临床及影像学的特点分析

目的 探讨脊髓型颈椎病合并椎体分节不良的临床及影像学特点。方法 回顾性分析2004年2月—2013年7月河北医科大学第三医院脊柱外科收治的2 981例脊髓型颈椎病患者的临床资料,其中合并椎体分节不良患者71例纳入观察组,随机选取其中住院号尾数为单号的、无分节不良的单节段颈椎病患者80例为对照组。两组患者均采用前路手术完成减压和脊柱重建,观察颈椎分节不良的分布特点。比较两组患者术前颈椎活动度、颈椎曲度值、病变节段及相邻节段椎间盘退变程度、MRI T₂WI髓内高信号。采用术后6个月的JOA评分及其改善率评价临床效果。结果 脊髓型颈椎病合并椎体分节不良发生率为2.4%(71/2 981),分节不良椎体为上位椎间隙8例、下位椎间隙53例、远隔椎间隙10例。观察组术前颈椎活动度(35.2°±6.5°)较对照组(47.3°±8.8°)低,差异有统计学意义(t=9.509,P<0.01);观察组和对照组术前颈椎曲度分别为24.3°±3.8°和25.8°±5.6°,差异无统计学意义(t=1.901, P>0.05)。观察组MRI T₂WI髓内高信号发生率为39.4%(28/71)显著高于对照组22.5%(18/80),差异有统计学意义(χ²=4.823,P<0.05)。观察组病变椎间盘平均退变分级高于对照组(Z=5.273, P<0.01),而颈椎分节不良椎体下位邻近节段椎间盘与上位邻近椎间盘分级差异均无统计学意义(P值均>0.05)。术后观察组及对照组患者平均JOA评分改善率分别为64.24%±9.49%和61.78%±11.48%,差异无统计学意义(t=1.388, P>0.05)。结论 脊髓型颈椎病合并椎体分节不良影像学上表现椎间盘突出多发生于分节不良节段下位椎间隙,退变严重,颈椎活动度变小,但相邻节段和颈椎整体曲度影响不大。此类临床表现与脊髓型颈椎病相似,选择适当术式治疗,预后良好。     

Preliminary evaluation of cyto-rich: An improved automated cytology preparation

A new cervical cytology monolayer preparation system called Cyto-Rich was evaluated. Using samples from 557 patients, Cyto-Rich monolayers were compared to matched conventional smears. After conventional smears were prepared and spray fixed, residual exfoliated cells were transferred to preservative fluid. The cell suspensions were gently disaggregated and the epithelial component enriched with gradient centrifugal sedimentation. The batched samples were then placed on the Cyto-Rich work station where slides are automatically prepared and stained. The results demonstrate that Cyto-Rich prepared monolayers are vastly superior to the conventional smears for cell presentation. While the study showed 99% overall concordance, Cyto-Rich improved the detection of low-grade cervical intraepithelial lesions.     

颈椎牵引的研究进展

颈椎病的发病率逐年提高,患者也越来越年轻化,所以对颈椎病的治疗意义重大。颈椎病的治疗以牵引治疗为主,该文主要对牵引治疗的 4 个要素和当下的颈椎牵引器械进行分析,并且对颈椎牵引器械的发展趋势进行了展望。     

基于DR评价颈椎小关节病变的临床-X线病理学研究

目的　从数字化X射线摄影系统 (DigitalRadiography ,DR)角度重新评价和加深对颈椎小关节病的认识 .方法　对肩颈痛和 /或单、双侧上肢体麻木就诊 10 8例 ,进行回顾性分析总结 .结果　DR片显示颈椎小关节异常 67例 .总结了颈椎小关节改变的X线特点 ,与年龄结构、节段分布以及临床分型之间的关系 .结论　DR片显示颈椎小关节改变有其特定的优势 ,对颈椎病早期认识、早期诊断上有着重要意义     

妇女宫颈病变筛查分析

目的 研究HPV与宫颈癌及癌前病变的相关性,提供防治宫颈癌的思路。方法 以2012年1月~2017 年12月送检到浙江迪安诊断技术股份有限公司的433447例宫颈病变标本为研究对象,同时检测人乳头瘤病毒（HPV）基因分型和薄层液基细胞学（TCT）,并分析HPV基因亚型分布及年龄分布。结果 HPV阳性率为12.51%,其中单一高危HPV阳性率为9.28%,单一低危HPV阳性率为1.22%。HPV亚型阳性率最高的是16型2.09%、58型1.82%、52型1.61%。TCT 阳性检出率是5.69%,其中 ASC-US3.91%、LSIL1.21%、ASC-H0.32%、HSIL及以上0.23%、AGC 0.02%。HPV发病率最高的年龄段是41~50岁,阳性率为5.54%,与其它年龄段比较,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论 HPV亚型中16、52及58感染率最高,同时具有明显年龄特征。HPV感染可引起一系列的宫颈病变,防治重点应针对高危HPV感染的人群。     

Sampling accuracy of the modified Ayre spatula/Zelsmyr Cytobrush versus the modified Ayre spatula/bulb aspirator in the collection of cells from the uterine cervix

An 8-mo (August 1988 through April 1989) study was performed to evaluate the efficacy of the modified Ayre spatula/Zelsmyr Cytobrush versus the modified Ayre spatula/bulb aspirator in the collection of cells, both normal and abnormal, from the uterine cervix. The majority (78%) of the 192 patients, ranging in age from 18 to 82 yr, were referred to the gynecologic/oncologic clinic for follow-up of an atypical Papanicolaou smear or of a previously diagnosed and treated cervical, vulvar, or endometrial lesion. Of the 192 patients, 149 were premenopausal (15 of whom were pregnant), 12 were perimenopausal, and 31 were postmenopausal. Patients were randomized into one of two groups based on the collection of samples for their cervical smears: 1) modified Ayre spatula (exocervix) plus Zelsmyr Cytobrush (endocervix: 90 cases) and 2) modified Ayre spatula (exocervic) plus bulb aspirator (endocervix; 102 cases). Of the smears prepared with the spatula/Cytobrush (90 cases), only 2 (2.2%) lacked endocervical cells. Within this group, the smears of 5 of 5 pregnant patients (100%) and 13 of 13 postmenopausal patients (100%) contained endocervical cells. Cytologic abnormalities were present in 15 of these cases; koilocytosis in 4, cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN)-I in 5, CIN-II in 4, and CIN-III in 2. Five of the 15 cytologically positive cases had histologic verification; the cytologic findings were predictive of the histologic findings in all. Of the smears prepared using the spatula/bulb aspirator (102 cases), 26 (25.5%) lacked endocervical cells. Within this group, the smears of only 4 of 10 pregnant patients (40%) and 14 of 18 postmenopausal patients (78%) contained endocervical cells.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

15 393例宫颈液基细胞学与组织病理学的对照分析

目的探讨宫颈液基细胞学诊断与组织病理学诊断的符合情况。方法对15393例做SurePath宫颈液基细胞学检查,结果异常者依次做Hybrid Capture-Ⅱ肿瘤相关人乳头状瘤病毒（HPV）-DNA检测、5％醋酸宫颈染色肉眼观察并拍照、阴道镜检查及宫颈多点活检行组织病理学检查。细胞学诊断采用TBS（2001）分级报告系统,阳性诊断包括意义不明的不典型鳞状细胞（ASC-US）以上病变;本组细胞学阳性病例有组织病理诊断结果,并对两者进行了对照分析。结果15393例宫颈细胞学检查与组织病理学对照结果显示：7例鳞状细胞癌（SCC）均符合,高级别鳞状上皮内病变（HSIL）为93．6％（103／110）、低级别鳞状上皮内病变（LSIL）为82．0％（443／540）。HPV—DAN阳性检出率与细胞学TBS分级及组织病理学分级正相关。结论应用液基细胞学制片方法、准确掌握TBS的诊断标准可确保宫颈细胞学检查的准确性。     

Cytologic indicators of condylomatous lesions of the uterine cervix with histologic correlation: an outpatient laboratory's experience

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is widely implicated as a primary etiologic factor in cervical carcinoma. Cytology plays an important role as the initial screening tool in the early detection of cervical lesions with koilocytotic features. The purpose of this study was to describe the various cytologic indicators of condylomatous lesions of the uterine cervix with histologic correlation. Cervical smears and biopsy specimens from 278 women seen in an outpatient clinical setting between January 1, 1985; and January 1, 1987, were reviewed. The histologic categories consisted of (1) flat condylomas with minimal cellular atypia; and (2) cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN), I, II, or III with atypical koilocytosis. Cytologically in 57 cases, flat condylomas were composed predominantly of koilocytes containing large perinuclear halos and dyskeratotic cells. In the 221 cases of CIN with atypical koilocytosis, the cervical smears were composed predominantly of atypical koilocytes with large hyperchromatic nuclei and small perinuclear halos; a variable number of koilocytes with large perinuclear halos; pleomorphic dyskeratotic cells; and abnormal multinucleated cells. Mild, moderate, or severely dysplastic/carcinoma-in-situ cells (CIS) were also present. An understanding of the cytologic features associated with condylomatous lesions of the cervix will enable the cytopathologist to alert the clinician of the need to perform colposcopy with the appropriate follow-up treatment.