核基质蛋白22在上尿路移行细胞癌诊断中的作用

目的　探讨核基质蛋白 2 2 (NMP 2 2 )在上尿路移行细胞癌诊断中的作用。　方法　对2 4例肾盂癌及输尿管癌患者和 2 0例良性泌尿系疾病患者尿中NMP 2 2浓度及尿细胞学进行检测 ,计算诊断敏感性和特异性。　结果　 2 4例TCC患者尿液标本尿细胞学阳性 14例 ,NMP 2 2阳性 2 1例 ;2 0例良性泌尿系疾病患者尿液标本细胞学阳性 1例 ,NMP 2 2阳性 4例 ,NMP 2 2的诊断敏感性和特异性分别为 87.5 %和 80 .0 % ,尿细胞学为 5 8.3%和 95 .0 % ,比较二者敏感性差别有显著性意义。　结论　NMP 2 2可能成为检测上尿路移行细胞癌的良好辅助手段     

NMP22诊断膀胱移行细胞癌价值的评价

目的 :探讨核基质蛋白 2 2 (NMP2 2 )对膀胱移行细胞癌的临床诊断价值。方法 :选取 5 8例膀胱移行细胞癌患者为实验组 ,2 0例泌尿系统非尿路上皮肿瘤疾病的患者为对照组 1,10名健康志愿者为对照组 2 ,应用酶联免疫法测定三组受试者尿NMP2 2的含量。结果 :实验组尿NMP2 2中位含量为 2 3 .2× 10 3U/L ,明显高于对照组 1的 8.3× 10 3U/L和对照组 2的 2 .6× 10 3U/L (P <0 .0 1) ;尿NMP2 2检测膀胱移行细胞癌的敏感性为79% ,高于尿细胞学的 3 8% (P <0 .0 5 ) ;NMP2 2的阳性率与膀胱移行细胞癌的分期、分级以及肿瘤的形状、大小和数目无显著相关性。结论 :尿NMP2 2对膀胱癌的诊断有较高的敏感性 ,简便、无创 ,检测结果不受肿瘤的分化程度、生长方式、肿瘤大小和数目的影响     

NMP22联合尿脱落细胞学检测在膀胱癌术后复发监测中的价值

目的：探讨尿核基质蛋白22（NMP22）联合尿脱落细胞学榆测对膀胱移行细胞癌诊断及术后复发监测中的应用价值。方法：采用酶联免疫法（EI。ISA）检测60例膀胱癌者、20例非膀胱癌者、20例健康志愿者尿中NMP22水平,并同时行尿脱落细胞学检查,并对结果进行比较。结果：膀胱癌者NMP22平均为35．6×10^3U／L,高于非膀胱癌者（7．8×10^3U／L）和健康志愿者（7．2×10^3U／L,P〈0．05）;膀胱癌复发患者（31．5×10^3U／L）高于未复发患者（8．O×10^3U／L,P〈0．05）;膀胱癌者NMP22的敏感性高于尿脱落细胞学,而其特异性低于尿脱落细胞学。结论：尿NMP22对膀胱移行细胞癌具有高灵敏度和无创伤性,是检测膀胱移行细胞癌的有效标志物;联合尿细胞学检查可进一步提高膀胱癌术后复发的诊断率。     

尿及癌组织中Survivin的表达对膀胱癌的早期诊断价值

目的 通过对膀胱移行上皮癌患者尿脱落细胞及癌组织中抑制凋亡相关基因Survivin的检测，探讨早期发现、常规筛选膀胱癌且无损伤的方法。方法留取53例膀胱移行上皮癌、20例泌尿系其他疾病患者及10例健康志愿者新鲜中段晨尿200mL，对53例膀胱移行上皮癌患者术后癌组织，用巢式逆转录聚合酶链反应（nestedRT-PCR）检测Survivin的表达，同时行尿脱落细胞学检查及膀胱镜取材病检。结果用巢式RT—PCR检测53例膀胱移行上皮癌患者尿及癌组织中Survivin均有表达，所有样本尿中Survivin的表达敏感性为100％，特异性为90％。尿脱落细胞学敏感性为37．7％，特异性为100％。膀胱镜病检敏感性、特异性均为100％。尿及癌组织中Survivin与尿脱落细胞学敏感性比较有显著差异（P〈0．05），与膀胱镜检相同。而特异性分别为90％、100％、100％，P〉0．05，无差异。结论用巢式RT-PCR方法检测膀胱移行上皮癌患者尿及癌组织中Survivin的表达，其敏感性、特异性相同。尿脱落细胞Survivin表达敏感性、特异性高。尿取材无损伤、方便，敏感性优于尿脱落细胞学检查，与膀胱镜检相当，特异性与尿脱落细胞学检查及膀胱镜病检无差别，且对膀胱癌前病变的归转有一定价值。检测尿中Survivin有望成为临床诊断、筛检膀胱癌的较可靠方法。     

尿核基质蛋白22检测在膀胱癌诊断中的应用

目的　探讨尿核基质蛋白 2 2 (NMP2 2 )在膀胱癌诊断中的临床价值。方法　用化学发光分析法检测 2 7例膀胱癌和 2 2例疑似膀胱癌患者的NMP2 2 ,并同时行尿脱落细胞学检查。结果　膀胱癌和疑似膀胱癌患者尿NMP2 2 含量的中位数分别为 6 4 .10、12 .95U·mL-1,差异有显著性意义 (P <0 .0 1) ;尿NMP2 2 诊断膀胱癌敏感性为 85 .2 % ,特异性为 36 .4 % ;尿脱落细胞学诊断膀胱癌的敏感性为 18.5 % ,特异性为 10 0 %。结论　尿NMP2 2 检测可作为膀胱癌的辅助诊断手段     

ImmunoCyt在膀胱移行细胞癌早期诊断中的应用

目的评价ImmunoCyt检测在膀胱癌早期诊断和随访中的作用. 方法膀胱癌患者86例,其中38例为膀胱肿瘤行经尿道膀胱肿瘤电切术后至少3个月的随访患者,48例有肉眼(镜下)血尿,分别进行标准尿脱落细胞学和ImmunoCyt检测.86例均行膀胱镜检查,对可疑组织进行活检. 结果膀胱镜检和病理证实28例为膀胱移行细胞癌.ImmunoCyt敏感性为82%,与尿脱落细胞学检查(39%)相比差异有显著性意义(P<0.05).两种检查方法相结合的敏感性为89%.ImmunoCyt和细胞学的特异性分别为78%和94%. 结论 ImmunoCyt较细胞学对膀胱肿瘤更敏感,二者联合使用可在保持高特异性的前提下提高诊断的敏感性,早期检测膀胱肿瘤.     

几种新瘤标对膀胱癌早期诊断价值的比较

目的：比较几种新瘤标对膀胱移行细胞癌早期诊断的价值。方法：对322例肉眼或镜检血尿、膀胱刺激症状或发现膀胱占位者，在作膀胱镜检查前行尿液中细胞角蛋白20(CK20)、核基质蛋白(NMP22)、ImmunoCyt、膀胱肿瘤抗原(BTA stat)检测和常规尿细胞学检查，比较它们的敏感性和特异性。结果：经膀胱镜和病理检查诊断膀胱移行细胞癌149例，其中浅表性肿瘤110例，浸润性39例；G181例，G246例．G322例。CK20、NMP22、ImmunoCyt、BTA stat、尿细胞学和膀胱镜检的敏感性分别为90．6％、85．2％、82．6％、65．8％、30．2％和94．6％，特异性分别为83．6％、84．0％、78．1％、64％、100％和100％。结论：新瘤标CK20、NMP22、ImmunoCyt具有较高的敏感性，与BTA stat和尿细胞学比较，差异有统计学意义，可用于膀胱肿瘤的早期诊断。     

尿端粒酶、NMP22和ImmunoCyt联合检测在膀胱癌诊断中的应用

目的评价尿端粒酶、核基质蛋白22（NMP22）和ImmunoCyt测定在膀胱癌（BTCC）早期诊断中的应用价值,寻找早期诊断膀胱癌的有效方法。方法选择60例经病理诊断明确为早期膀胱移行细胞癌和60例非膀胱肿瘤患者,分别进行尿端粒酶、ImmunoCyt、NMP22和标准尿脱落细胞学检测。结果尿端粒酶、NMP22和ImmunoCyt和尿脱落细胞学的敏感度分别为58.3%、60.0%、61.6%、26.6%;准确度分别为75.8%,78.3%,78.3%和63.3%;特异度分别为93.3%,96.6%,95.0%和100%。三者联合检测与尿端粒酶、NMP22和ImmunoCyt单独检测相比,敏感度（分别为χ2=6.53,P〈0.05;χ2=5.17,P〈0.05;χ2=4.54,P〈0.05）和准确度（分别为χ2=4.01,P〈0.05,χ2=4.38,P〈0.05,χ2=4.91,P〈0.05）都有所提高;尿端粒酶、NMP22和ImmunoCyt联合检测的敏感度（χ2=28.06,P〈0.01）和准确度（χ2=16.2,P〈0.01）均高于尿脱落细胞学,差异有统计学意义。结论尿端粒酶、NMP22和ImmunoCyt是早期诊断膀胱移行细胞癌的一种高特异性指标,三者联合检测能提高膀胱癌的早期诊断率。     

尿透明质酸检测对膀胱移行细胞癌的诊断意义

目的 :探讨尿液透明质酸 (HA)含量检测在膀胱移行细胞癌诊断中的意义并研究放射免疫 (放免 )方法代替酶联免疫吸附 (ELISA)方法检测尿液中HA含量的可能性。方法 :同时使用ELISA和放免两种方法对 49例膀胱移行细胞癌、1 2例良性膀胱肿瘤、30例良性前列腺增生 (BPH)和泌尿系结石以及 2 0例正常人尿液中HA含量进行检测 ,并将其结果与尿脱落细胞学检查结果进行比较。结果 :ELISA方法和放免方法测得各组尿液HA值结果相近 (P >0 .0 5)。以放免方法所得结果进行分析 ,膀胱移行细胞癌组尿液HA含量是对照组的 2～ 4倍 ,差异有极显著性意义 (P <0 .0 1 )。以对照组尿液HA水平上限 1 37.5μg/ g作为阳性界值时 ,尿液HA含量检测诊断膀胱移行细胞癌的敏感性为 91 .8% ,特异性为 91 .9% ,与尿脱落细胞学相比 (敏感性为 48.9%、特异性为95 .2 % ) ,敏感性差异有极显著意义 (P <0 .0 1 ) ,特异性差异无显著性意义 (P >0 .0 5)。结论 :尿液HA含量检测是一种简单、无创、价廉、结果客观、敏感性和特异性均较高的诊断膀胱移行细胞癌的方法 ;价格更为低廉的放免法可代替ELISA方法进行尿液HA含量的检测。     

尿膀胱癌抗原检测膀胱肿瘤的临床应用价值

膀胱肿瘤是泌尿系统最常见的肿瘤 ,90 %以上为移行细胞癌 ,其中 80 %以上为表浅肿瘤 ,初次治疗后复发率达 70 %,且有 1 0 %～ 2 0 %发展为浸润性膀胱癌。目前对膀胱癌诊断和术后复查主要靠膀胱镜和尿细胞学检查。膀胱镜检查虽然准确 ,但难以发现原位癌或扁平癌。尿细胞学检查虽无创 ,且特异性较好 ,但敏感性不超过 5 0 %,对于分期较低、分化较好的肿瘤 ,其敏感性仅为 30 %或更低 ,而且尿细胞学检查结果在很大程度上依赖于诊断医师的经验 ,受主观因素的影响较大。理想的检查方法应具有高敏感性、高特异性、简便、快速、费用低、易标准化、可…     

Comparisons of voided urine cytology, nuclear matrix protein-22 and bladder tumor associated antigen tests for bladder cancer of geriatric male patients in Taiwan, China

Aim： To compare the results of bladder tumor associated antigen （BTA TRAK）, nuclear matrix protein 22 （NMP 22） and voided urine cytology （VUC） in detecting bladder cancer. Methods： A total of 135 elderly male and 50 healthy volunteers enrolled in this study were classified into three groups： （i） 93 patients with bladder cancer; （ii） 42 patients with urinary benign conditions; and （iii） 50 healthy volunteers. BTA TRAK and NMP 22 kits were used to detect bladder cancer. Voided urine cytology was used to compare the sensitivity and specificity of the screening tests. Results： The sensitivity and specificity of cytology, BTA TRAK and NMP 22 were 24% and 97%, 51% and 73%, 78% and 73%, respectively. The level of NMP 22 increased with tumor grading. The BTA TRAK kit has the lowest sensitivity among the screening tests. The NMP 22 with the best sensitivity can be an adjunct to cytology for evaluating bladder cancer. Conclusion： The NMP 22 test has a better correlation with the grading of the bladder cancer than BTA TRAK. As cytology units are typically not available in hospitals or in outpatient clinics, NMP 22 might be a promising tool for screening bladder cancer.     

Urinary NMP22 BladderChek test in the diagnosis of superficial bladder cancer

OBJECTIVE: To study the diagnostic efficacy of the NMP22 BladderChek test and to compare it to cytology in the detection of bladder cancer. METHODS: We evaluated 106 voided urinary specimens of patients with suspicion of bladder cancer. All voided urine samples were evaluated by the NMP22 BladderChek test, cytology, sediment and culture. The diagnostic value of the NMP22 BladderChek test was evaluated according to correlation with cystoscopic findings and, in case of tumour, histological findings. A negative test result in a pTaG1 tumour was not considered false-negative in this study. The results were compared to the diagnostic value of cytology. Moreover, the value of the combination of cytology and the NMP22 BladderChek test was determined. RESULTS: In total, 29 patients had histologically proven transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder. The NMP22 BladderChek test detected 40% of 15 pTa tumours and 83.3% of the 6 pT1 tumours. Cytology detected pTa in 33.3% and pT1 in 66.6%. The 1 CIS lesion was detected by cytology. In the group of patients in follow-up the sensitivity and specificity were 57.1% (CI 28.8-82.3) and 89.8% (CI 79.2-96.2) for the NMP22 BladderChek test and 42.9% (CI 17.7-71.7) and 93.2% (CI 83.5-98.1) for cytology. CONCLUSION: The NMP22 BladderChek test has a slightly higher sensitivity compared to cytology, without a relevant loss in specificity. Furthermore it is an easy test with instant result. However, no extra tumours were detected by adjunction of the NMP22 BladderChek test.     

Comparative evaluation of the BTAstat test, NMP22, and voided urine cytology in the detection of primary and recurrent bladder tumors

OBJECTIVES: This prospective study was undertaken to evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of the BTAstat test and nuclear matrix protein (NMP22) compared with voided urine cytology (VUC) in the detection of primary and recurrent bladder cancer. METHODS: A total of 147 patients provided a single voided urine sample for the BTAstat test, NMP22, and cytology prior to cystoscopy. Eighty-five of them had no bladder cancer history, whereas the remaining 62 were monitored for superficial bladder cancer. A group of 21 healthy age-matched volunteers were also enrolled in the study. RESULTS: Bladder cancer was confirmed histologically in 99 patients, of which 62 had primary tumors and 37 had recurrent ones. The overall sensitivity and specificity were 71.7% and 56.5% for the BTAstat test, 62.6% and 73. 9% for NMP22, and 38.4% and 94.2% for VUC. The optimal threshold value for NMP22 calculated with receiver operating characteristics curve, was 8 U/mL. BTAstat test was significantly more sensitive than VUC in detecting bladder cancer in all stage and grade subgroups, except GIII. On the contrary, NMP22 was significantly more sensitive than VUC only in stage Ta, grade I and II patients. BTAstat test had higher but not significantly different sensitivity than NMP22. CONCLUSIONS: Our data indicate a superiority of both BTAstat test and NMP22 over VUC in the detection of bladder cancer. Comparing BTAstat test with NMP22, the former proved to be more sensitive, whereas the latter was more specific. Ruling out diseases with potential interference can increase the overall specificity of both tests. False-positive results of either test in patients followed up for bladder cancer seem to correspond to future recurrences.     

Comparative evaluation of the nuclear matrix protein,fibronectin, urinary bladder cancer antigen and voided urine cytology in the detection of bladder tumors

PURPOSE: We evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of nuclear matrix protein-22 (NMP22, Matritech, Newton, Massachusetts), fibronectin and urinary bladder cancer antigen (UBC, IDL Biotech, Borlange, Sweden) compared with voided urine cytology in the detection of bladder cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 168 patients provided a single voided urine sample for NMP22, fibronectin an ideal monoclonal for urinary bladder cancer and cytology before cystoscopy. Cystoscopy was done for all patients as the reference standard for identification of bladder cancer. Biopsy of any suspicious lesion was performed for histopathological examination. Of the 168 cases 100 were histologically diagnosed as bladder cancer, whereas the remaining 68 had benign urological disorders. A group of 47 healthy volunteers were also enrolled in this study. Voided urine was evaluated by NMP22, fibronectin and UBC, and their values were expressed relative to mg. creatinine. RESULTS: The optimal threshold values for NMP22, fibronectin and UBC were calculated by receiver operator characteristics curves as 27 units per mg. creatinine, 198 mg./mg. creatinine and 13 ng./mg. creatinine, respectively. The levels and positive rates of the 3 parameters were significantly higher in the malignant group compared to either the benign group or normal controls. Of the entire group NMP22, fibronectin and UBC were positive in 93.2%, 91% and 68.2%, respectively in bladder cancer cases with positive cytology. Moreover, these positive rates were significantly higher in bilharzial bladder cancer cases (58.8%, 67.5%, 58.8%, respectively) compared to nonbilharzial cases (35.6%, 36.3%, 31.1%). Overall sensitivity and specificity were 85% and 91.3% for NMP22, 83% and 82.6% for fibronectin, 67% and 80.8% for UBC and 44% and 100% for voided urine cytology. Combined sensitivity of voided urine cytology with the 3 biomarkers together was higher than either combined sensitivity of voided urine cytology with 1 of the biomarkers or than that of the biomarker alone. CONCLUSIONS: Our data indicate that NMP22 and fibronectin had superior sensitivities compared to UBC and voided urine cytology, while NMP22 and voided urine cytology had the highest specificities. The combined use of markers increased the sensitivity of cytology from 44% to 95.3%. The higher sensitivities of markers in bilharzial than nonbilharzial bladder cancer highlight their clinical use in screening patients with urinary bilharziasis.     

The usefulness of urinary FDP in the diagnosis of bladder cancer: comparison with NMP22, BTA and cytology

PURPOSE: We assessed the utility of urine fibrin/fibrinogen degradation products (FDP) as the screening test for bladder cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Single voided specimens were obtained from 87 consecutive patients (61 men and 26 women, mean age 70.7) on cystoscopy, and FDP, NMP22, BTA and cytology test were performed for the same specimens. Final diagnosis of bladder cancer was made by histological examination, which were compared with the results of above four screening methods. RESULTS: Histologically confirmed bladder cancer was found in 14 cases. Overall sensitivity of urinary FDP, NMP22, BTA and cytology were 79, 64, 36 and 36%, respectively. While the sensitivity of FDP was significantly higher than that of BTA and cytology, no significant difference was found between FDP and NMP22. Overall specificity of these four methods were 69, 78, 92 and 90%, respectively. The specificity of FDP and NMP22 were significantly lower than that of BTA and cytology, but satisfactory as a screening test. The sensitivity of the four methods for low-grade and non-invasive tumors were 70, 50, 30 and 10% (G1 or G2, n = 10), and 75, 58, 33 and 25% (Ta or T1, n = 12), respectively. FDP might have a high sensitivity for even low-grade and non-invasive tumors. CONCLUSIONS: FDP in voided urine is a good screening method for bladder cancer because of its high sensitivity for low-grade and non-invasive tumors, and its diagnostic ability could be superior to NMP22.     

Clinical evaluation of urinary NMP22 (nuclear matrix protein 22) bladder chek in the detection of patients with bladder cancer

The clinical usefulness of the nuclear matrix protein 22 (NMP22) Bladder Chek test as a novel urine marker in the detection of patients with bladder cancer was evaluated in comparison with the urinary NMP22 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and urinary cytology. A total of 40 patients with pathologically proven bladder cancer voided urine specimen before treatment. The urine samples were divided for NMP22 Bladder Chek test, NMP22 ELISA, and urinary cytology. In the 40 patients with bladder cancer, the overall positive rate was 62.5% for the NMP22 Bladder Chek test, 55% for the NMP22 ELISA test, and 27.5% for urine cytology. There was a significant difference between NMP22 Bladder Chek, NMP22 ELISA and cytology. The positive rate with the NMP22 Bladder Chek and NMP22 ELISA was higher in the patients with high grade and large-size (1 cm < or =) tumor. In 40 patients presenting with microhematuria without urothelial cancer, the false positive rate 12.5, 10, and 0% for NMP22 Bladder Chek, NMP22 ELISA, and urinary cytology. No significant difference was found with the test. In conclusion, the urine NMP22 Bladder Chek test provided a higher positive rate than the NMP22 ELISA test and urinary cytology. Therefore, the NMP22 Bladder Chek test may be clinically more useful as a tumor marker for the diagnosis of bladder cancer.     

Validation of the diagnostic value of NMP22 BladderChek test as a marker for bladder cancer by photodynamic diagnosis

OBJECTIVES: The aim of the present study was to validate the sensitivity and specificity of the new "point-of-care" NMP22 BladderChek test compared to photodynamic diagnosis (PDD). METHODS: Voided urine samples from 100 patients with suspicion of bladder cancer were collected to perform the NMP22 BladderChek test and voided urinary cytology. The nuclear matrix protein 22 (NMP22) levels were measured by a lateral flow immunochromatographic qualitative assay, using 10 U/ml as the cut-off value. Subsequently patients underwent PDD, using 5-aminolevulinic acid or hexyl-aminolevulinate; previous bladder washings for cytology were collected. Sensitivity and specificity of the NMP22 BladderChek test were compared with cytology and PDD. RESULTS: Forty of the 100 patients had urothelial malignancies (22 pTa, 4 pT1, 3 pT2, 9 carcinoma in situ, 2 pTx; 16 G1, 6 G2, 18 G3). The sensitivity was 65% for the NMP22 BladderChek test, 44% for voided cytology, 75% for washing cytology, and 93% for PDD. Specificity rates were 40%, 78%, 62%, and 43%, respectively. Positive predictive values were 0.42, 0.58, 0.53, and 0.52 and the negative predictive values 0.63, 0.68, 0.82, and 0.9, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The results demonstrate that the NMP22 BladderChek is an easily applied test, giving diagnostic findings within 30 min. However, validated by the highly sensitive PDD, the NMP22 BladderChek test demonstrates poor specificity and sensitivity and, therefore, cannot be recommended for screening or surveillance in daily clinical routine use. Further studies with careful patient selection are necessary to identify the patient population that might benefit from the NMP22 BladderChek test.     

NMP22 is a sensitive, cost-effective test in patients at risk for bladder cancer

PURPOSE: The early diagnosis of bladder cancer is central to its effective treatment. This study was designed to determine the clinical use of NMP22 as a urinary marker for the early detection of transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder in patients with hematuria or other indications at risk for malignancy. The sensitivity and specificity of the NMP22 test were compared with urinary cytology, and the results of both tests were then compared to cystoscopic findings. We also determined if NMP22 provided a cost advantage over our current modalities in our patient population. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Each patient submitted a single voided urine which was divided in 2 parts, of which 1 was stabilized with the NMP22 urine collection kit and 1 was preserved in the appropriate cytology medium for cytopathological testing. All patients provided the urine samples before cystoscopic examination. Of the 330 patients 114 (34.5%) presented with microscopic hematuria and 66 (20.4%) with gross hematuria. Other indications for cystoscopy included atypical cytology or unexplained voiding symptoms refractory to medical therapy. RESULTS: There were 18 patients with biopsy confirmed bladder cancer and 312 with benign conditions of the bladder. Median NMP22 value for the malignant bladder tumors was 31.6 units per ml. (95% confidence interval 13.4 to 90.9) and 4.3 units per ml. (3.8 to 4.8) for benign conditions of the bladder. The urinary NMP22 values in the bladder cancer group were significantly higher than those in the benign condition group (p <0.001). The sensitivity of NMP22 was 100% with a specificity of 85% at a reference value of 10.0 units per ml., while cytology had a sensitivity of only 33% and specificity of 100%. Given a negative predictive value of 100% for NMP22, a cost savings of $28,302 to $111,072 (depending on the type of insurance carrier) would have been achieved if it was used alone as the indication for cystoscopy. CONCLUSIONS: This study indicates that urinary NMP22 is a simple, noninvasive, cost-effective marker for the detection of bladder cancer.     

Comparison of the nuclear matrix protein 22 with voided urine cytology in the diagnosis of transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder

Several urinary markers for transitional cell carcinoma have been investigated, including urine cytology, bladder tumor antigen, autocrine motility factor receptor and fibrin degradation products. Unfortunately, they have poor overall sensitivity. The United States Food and Drug Administration have recently approved nuclear matrix protein (NMP 22) for the detection of occult or rapidly recurring disease after transurethral resection of bladder tumor. The objective of the current study was to assess the sensitivity of NMP 22 for the detection of bladder carcinoma, as well as to correlate the NMP 22 values with multiplicity of tumor, tumor size, configuration, stage and grade respectively. A total of 78 patients (38 with bladder cancer) provided a urine sample which was divided into appropriate aliquots for each of urine cytology and NMP 22. Comparative results demonstrate a clear superiority of NMP 22 in bladder cancer detection (52.6% vs 31.6% sensitivity), while specificity was in favor of urine cytology (100% vs 82.5%). For superficial tumors, sensitivity was 78.5% for NMP 22 and 41.6% for cytology and for invasive cancers, sensitivity was 90% for NMP 22 and 60% for cytology. Urinary NMP 22 levels were significantly correlated with tumor grade and were significantly higher in large tumors than small tumors. NMP 22 test results showed sufficient sensitivity in comparison with urine cytology for the detection of transitional cell carcinoma. However, we do not think that it is a useful tool as a substitute for endoscopic examination for the detection and surveillance in bladder cancer.     

Risk stratification for bladder tumor recurrence, stage and grade by urinary nuclear matrix protein 22 and cytology

PURPOSE: To test the hypothesis that voided urinary levels of nuclear matrix protein 22 (NMP22) would add to the predictive ability of urine cytology in the diagnosis, staging and grading of bladder transitional cell carcinoma (TCC), and to evaluate the diagnostic performance of different NMP22 cut-points. MATERIALS: NMP22 level and barbotage cytology were evaluated in voided urine specimens collected before cystoscopy from 302 subjects with a history of TCC, 32 subjects with benign urologic pathologies, and 10 healthy volunteers. RESULTS: 180 patients (52%) had bladder TCC. Higher levels of NMP22 and positive cytology were independently associated with an increased risk of TCC, invasive stage, and high grade. The NMP22 value with equal sensitivity and specificity for prediction of bladder cancer was 6.5U/ml; for prediction of grade 3 TCC it was 13.5U/ml; and for prediction of invasive tumor stage it was 17.4U/ml. The NMP22 cut-point of 6.5U/ml outperformed the 10U/ml cut-point in all pathologic stages and grades. The diagnostic sensitivity of the cytology and NMP22 combined was superior across all pathologic stages and grades to that of either marker alone. NMP22 and cytology stratified patients into groups with significantly different risk for TCC presence, invasive stage, and high grade. CONCLUSIONS: 6.5U/ml is a robust NMP22 cut-point for bladder cancer surveillance. The diagnostic sensitivities of the combined NMP22 and cytology for TCC presence, stage, and grade were significantly higher than those of single marker alone. The combination of urine cytology and NMP22 could be used to tailor the frequency of cystoscopic follow up.