灭吐灵和冬眠灵治疗细胞毒性药物所致的恶心及呕吐

大剂量灭吐灵间歇性静脉注射是治疗细胞毒性药物所致呕吐的最佳治疗方法。但该法可使血浆浓度波动。而持续静脉注射可克服这一缺点,并能增强该药的止吐作用。冬眠灵被广泛用作止吐剂,但其止吐效果尚未与大剂量灭吐灵作过比较。本文作者采用随机分组的双盲试验来进行这一研究。病人与方法 95例(男43、女52例)采用细胞毒性药物进行第1疗程化疗的病人,药物中包括顺氯氨铂(cisplatin)者43例,不含该药者52例,随机分组给     

卡马西平治疗偏侧面肌痉挛

作者根据卡马西平(carbamazepine)对改善痛性抽搐有效,因此,应用该药治疗偏侧面肌痉挛。本文介绍3例甩该药控制痉挛的疗效。3例中2女1男,年龄分别为46、64和56岁。其中1例是在 Bell 麻痹恢复1年后,突然出现短暂频繁的右下部面肌痉挛发作。2例无 Bell 麻痹病史,     

草药小柴胡汤引起的肝损害

小柴胡汤自中国汉代即开始用以治疗类似感冒症候群如发热、疲乏以及腹部不适及恶心。过去10年中日本用小柴胡汤治疗肝病被认为安全而无副作用,因而常用于肝病患者,本文报告4例因小柴胡汤所致的肝损伤。 例1:51岁女性因疲乏、轻度转氨酶升高而用小柴胡汤7.5g/d。7周后出现黄疽,血胆红素、转氨酶及ALP显著升高。停药10d后转氨酶突然下降,再用该药17d转氨酶又上升。停药26d肝活检见有亚大块融合性架桥样坏死。 例2:52岁女性用taximofen(抗雌激素制剂)后出现转氨酶及ALP轻度升高。停该药而     

天晴复欣胶囊治疗小儿慢性乙型肝炎52例临床观察

抗病毒药物α-干扰素和拉米夫定治疗慢性乙型肝炎的疗效已得到肯定,但其价格昂贵,不良反应较多,用药受到一定限制。自2002年1月以来,我们应用天晴复欣胶囊治疗小儿慢性乙型肝炎52例,同时随机设对照组52例,分别观察其肝功能、HBsAg、HBsAb、HbeAg、HBeAb、HBcAb、血HBV-DNA、透明质酸(HA)、Ⅳ型胶原(ColⅣ)、层粘连蛋白(LN)的变化,以探讨该药对小儿慢性乙型肝炎的抗病毒和抗肝纤维化作用。     

比索洛尔治疗甲亢快速心律失常的疗效观察

甲亢由甲状腺素分泌增加所致，后者不仅直接作用于心肌和周围血管，而且兴奋心脏β受体，使其对儿茶酚胺的敏感性增加。比索洛尔是强效与长效的高度选择性β1受体阻滞剂。通过对52例甲亢使用比索洛尔的临床观察，发现该药能迅速减慢心率，使部分心房颤动转为窦性心律．房性及室性早搏消失，改善甲亢的临床症状；且副作用很少。表明比索洛尔可作为治疗甲亢快速心律失常安全可靠的首选辅助用药。     

硝酸异山梨醇酯静滴治疗冠心病,慢性左心衰竭,心绞痛36例

硝酸异山梨醇酯口服治疗冠心病、心绞痛已有多年历史,近年来报道该药静脉滴注能扩张动静脉,降低体循环及肺循环阻力,降低心脏前后负荷,特别是不能扩张正常和狭窄的冠状动脉,从而增加心肌血供、改善缺血区域心肌血供,改善左室收缩功能。我们应用德国Sanol Schwarz Gmbh药厂生产的该药,商品名为异舒吉静脉滴注,治疗冠心病、慢性左心衰竭、反复心绞痛患者36例,现将结果报道如下。     

乙肝康复粉治疗乙型肝炎177例

目的观察乙肝康复粉对乙型肝炎的治疗效果.方法乙肝康复粉,国家医药专利CN1145802A,铁卫药制字文号98(E)011-04.该药由20余味中草药,按相应比例组成,为生药粉剂,也可装成胶囊或制成丸剂,片剂等,成人每次服5g,3次/d,3mo为一疗程.用该药对177例乙型肝炎患者进行治疗,男95例,女82例,三大阳(HBsAg+,HBeAg+,抗-HBc+)106例,三小阳(HBsAg+,抗-HBe+,抗-HBc+)34例,其他37例.患者志愿停服其他一切中、西药品,均以县级以上医院化验单为准.治疗后患者血清中乙肝阳性标志物全部转阴为痊愈,治疗二个疗程血清中乙肝标志物一项或二项转阴者为好转,治疗三个疗程血清中乙肝标志物无变化者视为无效结果177例患者中,痊愈113例,占63.85%;好转52例,占28.82%,无变化者12例,占6.79%,总有效率92.67%,平均服药6.8mo.结论乙肝康复粉对治疗乙型肝炎有良好的治疗作用     

替比夫定治疗慢性乙型肝炎52周不同时期的疗效分析

目的：探讨替比夫定治疗慢性乙型肝炎52周的抗病毒疗效。方法收集2009至2012年我院服用替比夫定的慢性乙型肝炎患者56例,均为核苷酸类似物初治者,其中 HBeAg 阳性患者40例,HBeAg 阴性患者16例,口服替比夫定600 mg/d,治疗过程中定期检测生化指标、血清学及病毒学。结果56例患者中,有35例在治疗第12周出现ALT复常,有52例在第52周出现ALT复常。不管HBeAg状况如何,血清HBV DNA水平在治疗过程中都显著降低。HBeAg阳性组及阴性组的患者,第52周分别有23例和14例达到了血清 HBV DNA＜300拷贝/mL。40例 HBeAg 阳性的患者中,有15例在第52周出现 HBeAg转阴,11例出现 HBeAg血清转换。治疗中有7例患者出现CK 升高,均为一过性、无症状升高,不伴有骨骼肌肉事件。结论替比夫定治疗慢性乙型肝炎可以有效抑制血清 HBV DNA 复制,促进 HBeAg血清转换,改善肝功能,且有较好的安全性。     

冠心胶囊治疗冠心病疗效观察

1993～1994年,我们采用冠心胶囊治疗冠心病52例,疗效较好,现报告如下。 一般资料:根据1979年WHO诊断标准,将102例冠心病患者随机分为两组,两组性别、年龄(35～76岁)及病情无差异。其中心肌梗塞18例,冠心病并心衰20例,冠心病心绞痛64例(治疗组31例,对照组33例);心电图异常72例(治疗组38例,对照组34例),其中68例ST-T异常,4例束支传导阻滞。 治疗方法:对照组给予常规治疗;治疗组在常规洽疗的基础上加用冠心胶囊。该药由熊胆、黄     

无创呼吸机在急性左心衰竭治疗中的疗效评价

目的观察急性左心衰竭患者经无创正压通气治疗的临床方法。方法选取52例急性左心衰竭患者分成两组,对照组24例,仅给予常规药物治疗,治疗组28例,除给予常规药物治疗外给予正压通气治疗,观察治疗前后临床症状、体征的变化。结果治疗组中临床症状、体征和临床指标的改善明显优于对照组。结论无创BIPAP可明显改善低氧血症和提高抢救成功率。     

Three layer functional model and energy exchange concept of aging process

Relying on a certain degree of abstraction, we can propose that no particular distinction exists between animate or living matter and inanimate matter. While focusing attention on some specifics, the dividing line between the two can be drawn. The most apparent distinction is in the level of structural and functional organization with the dissimilar streams of ‘energy flow’ between the observed entity and the surrounding environment. In essence, living matter is created from inanimate matter which is organized to contain internal intense energy processes and maintain lower intensity energy exchange processes with the environment. Taking internal and external energy processes into account, we contend in this paper that living matter can be referred to as matter of dissipative structure, with this structure assumed to be a common quality of all living creatures and living matter in general. Interruption of internal energy conversion processes and terminating the controlled energy exchange with the environment leads to degeneration of dissipative structure and reduction of the same to inanimate matter, (gas, liquid and/or solid inanimate substances), and ultimately what can be called ‘death.’ This concept of what we call dissipative nature can be extended from living organisms to social groups of animals, to mankind. An analogy based on the organization of matter provides a basis for a functional model of living entities. The models relies on the parallels among the three central structures of any cell (nucleus, cytoplasm and outer membrane) and the human body (central organs, body fluids along with the connective tissues, and external skin integument). This three-part structural organization may be observed almost universally in nature. It can be observed from the atomic structure to the planetary and intergalactic organizations. This similarity is corroborated by the membrane theory applied to living organisms. According to the energy nature of living matter and the proposed functional model, the decreased integrity of a human body's external envelope membrane is a first cause of the structural degradation and aging of the entire organism. The aging process than progresses externally to internally, as in single cell organisms, suggesting that much of the efforts towards the restoration and maintenance of the mechanisms responsible for structural development should be focused accordingly, on the membrane, i.e., the skin. Numerous reports indicate that all parts of the human body, like: bones, blood with blood vessels, muscles, skin, and so on, have some ability for restoration. Therefore, actual revival of not only aging tissue of the human body's membrane, but the entire human body enclosed within, with all internal organs, might be expected. We assess several aging theories within the context of our model and provide suggestions on how to activate the body's own anti-aging mechanisms and increase longevity. This paper presents some analogies and some distinctions that exist between the living dissipative structure matter and inanimate matter, discusses the aging process and proposes certain aging reversal solutions.     

Unusual responses of nocturnal pineal melatonin synthesis and secretion to swimming: Attempts to define mechanisms

Abstract: The effect of swimming at night on rat pineal melatonin synthesis was compared with that of light exposure at night. Rats were forced to swim at 0030 hr (lights out at 2000 hr) and sacrificed by decapitation 15 and 30 min later, immediately after swimming. Other groups of animals were exposed to white light (650μW/cm²) for 15 and 30 min at same time. Swimming caused a rapid and highly significant drop in the melatonin content in the pineal gland; however, the activity of N-acetyltransferase (NAT), the supposed rate limiting enzyme in the melatonin production, was not changed. Despite the drop in pineal melatonin levels, serum concentrations of the indole remained elevated in the rats that swam. In contrast, melatonin levels in the pineal and serum of light exposed rats fell precipitously, accompanied by a significant suppression of NAT activity. Since we anticipated that the strenuous exercise associated with swimming may induce release of artrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) from the heart, which in turn could cause the release of pineal melatonin, in a second study we injected physiological saline intravenously to stretch the cardiac muscle and release ANP. Three milliliters of normal saline was injected during the day into the jugular vein of anesthetized rats that were pretreated with isoproterenol to stimulate pineal melatonin production. Animals were killed 15 min after the saline injection, and pineal NAT activity and pineal melatonin levels were measured. The saline injections caused no alteration in the elevated levels of either NAT or melatonin. These data suggest that the disparity in pineal NAT activity (which was high) and pineal melatonin (which was low), in animals swum at night, may not be caused by ANP which is released during strenuous exercise such as swimming.     

Melatonin and photoperiodic time measurement: Seasonal breeding in the sheep

Abstract: Well-established circadian physiology supports the view that photoperiodic time measurement utilizes the coincidence between the presence of light and a photosensitive phase of a 'biological clock' to alter reproductive status—the so-called external coincidence model of seasonal breeding. In this review, we examine the mechanism whereby photoperiod interacts with presumed suprachiasmatic nuclei activity to allow endogenous melatonin to normally synchronize reproductive activity to the optimal time of year. The Romney Marsh sheep is particularly explored as an experimental model. It is suggested that the on/off activity of seasonal reproduction may be a robust mechanism able to be predictably manipulated by the judicious use of the light/dark cycle and exogenous melatonin, but firmly based on circadian principles.     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Serological survey of HIV and syphilis in pregnant women in Madagascar

Objectives Peripartal transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and Treponema pallidum, the causative agent of syphilis, leads to severe consequences for newborns. Preventive measures require awareness of the maternal infection. Although HIV and syphilis testing in Madagascar could be theoretically carried out within the framework of the national pregnancy follow‐up scheme, the required test kits are rarely available at peripheral health centres. In this study, we screened blood samples of pregnant Madagascan women for HIV and syphilis seroprevalence to estimate the demand for systemic screening in pregnancy. Methods Retrospective anonymous serological analysis for HIV and syphilis was performed in plasma samples from 1232 pregnant women that were taken between May and July 2010 in Ambositra, Ifanadiana, Manakara, Mananjary, Moramanga and Tsiroanomandidy (Madagascar) during pregnancy follow‐up. Screening was based on Treponema pallidum haemagglutination tests for syphilis and rapid tests for HIV, with confirmation of positive screening results on line assays. Results Out of 1232 pregnant women, none were seropositive for HIV and 37 (3%) were seropositive for Treponema pallidum. Conclusions Our findings are in line with previous studies that describe considerable syphilis prevalence in the rural Madagascan population. The results suggest a need for screening to prevent peripartal Treponema pallidum transmission, while HIV is still rare. If they are known, Treponema pallidum infections can be easily, safely and inexpensively treated even in pregnancy to reduce the risk of transmission.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.