老年住院糖尿病患者膳食营养分析

目的评价老年糖尿病患者的膳食质量。方法根据体质指数(BMI)将2001年10月～2002年12月在本院住院的老年糖尿病患者107例分为正常体型组52例(BMI22.6±1.6);超重体型组55例(BMI27.8±2.4)。采用24小时膳食回顾法,分析患者的膳食能量、三大产能营养素摄入量及来源。结果正常体型组能量、脂肪摄入均大于标准供给量,差异有显著性(P<0.01)其中脂肪超过标准供给量10%;超重体型组能量、碳水化合物、蛋,白质、脂肪摄入均超过标准供给量10%(P<0.01或P<0.05)。两组患者谷类食物、动物性蛋白质及脂肪摄入超过标准量10%,差异有显著性(P<0.01);植物脂肪超过标准供给量,但未超过10%。非谷类食物、植物性蛋白质低于标准供给量,差异有显著性(P<0.01)其中正常体型组非谷类食物摄入低于标准量10%。两组胆固醇摄入量均>300mg/d。结,论老年糖尿病患者的膳食结构不合理,需要合理调整,超重体型组是重点干预对象。     

246名疗养员的膳食营养分析

目的评价疗养院疗养员的膳食质量,为有针对性地指导其膳食提供依据。方法根据疗养员体质指数将其分为正常体型组(176例)和超重体型组(67例)。采用24h膳食回顾法调查各组连续3d膳食的能量、三大产能营养素摄入量及来源。结果正常体型组能量、脂肪摄入量均明显大于标准供给量(P<0.01),其中脂肪超标10%;超重体型组碳水化合物、蛋白质、脂肪摄入均超过标准供给量10%(P<0.05)。2个组维生素A摄取量均达到标准要求,维生素B1、维生素B2、无机盐、矿物质均摄入不足,胆固醇摄入量均>300mg·d-1;2个组谷类食物、动物性蛋白质和脂肪摄入均超标,超重体型组动物性蛋白摄入量超过标准量10%,正常体型组非谷类食物摄入低于标准量10%,差异均有显著性(P<0.05,P<0.01)。结论疗养员的膳食结构存在某些不合理的现象,需要合理调整和进行饮食干预,超重体型组是重点干预对象。     

兰州市妊娠期糖尿病孕妇膳食营养水平调查

目的调查兰州市妊娠期糖尿病(GDM)孕妇膳食营养水平。方法选择2014年6月-2016年6月就诊的264例GDM孕妇作为观察组,另选取同期进行健康产检的非GDM孕妇600例作为对照组。采用自拟调查问卷调查两组受试者的基本信息和膳食情况,观察两组受试者食物摄入及食用情况,能量和营养素摄入量,脂肪、蛋白质及碳水化合物的供热比和蛋白质的来源。结果观察组的谷物类摄入量及水果类的食用率和摄入量均明显高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(均P0.05)。观察组与对照组其他类食物的食用率和摄入量比较差异均无统计学意义(均P0.05)。观察组的能量、脂肪、碳水化合物及维生素K摄入量均明显高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(均P0.05)。观察组蛋白质及脂肪供热比均明显低于对照组,而碳水化合物供热比明显高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(均P0.05)。观察组动物性蛋白比例明显低于对照组,而植物性蛋白比例明显高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(均P0.05)。结论兰州市GDM孕妇的能量、脂肪、碳水化合物及维生素K摄入量均较高,以谷物类及水果类摄入为主。同时,蛋白质及脂肪供热比较低,而碳水化合物供热比较高。蛋白质来源中,动物性蛋白比例较低,植物性蛋白比例较高。     

江西农业大学学生军训期间膳食营养状况分析

了解大学生军训期间膳食与营养状况,为指导大学生的合理膳食提供依据.方法 选取江西农业大学2012级学生50名,采用24 h膳食记录法和称重法调查军训前与军训中连续5d的膳食摄入状况.结果 军训前与军训中各类食物摄入量比较,男、女生谷类、蛋类、奶类,男生肉类和女生水果类日平均摄入量差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.05);各主要营养素摄入量比较,男、女生能量、碳水化合物、维生素A,以及男生钙、蛋白质和女生维生素C摄入量差异有统计学意义(P值均<0.05).男、女生三大营养素供能比较为合理.结论 军训期间学生各种营养素的摄入量均有所增加,大多数营养素的摄入量已经超过推荐量.     

石河子郊区团场小学生膳食营养水平分析研究

目的了解石河子郊区团场学龄儿童膳食营养素摄入量与体格营养状况。方法采用膳食调查等方法调查学龄儿童膳食营养素撮入量水平；同期测量其身高、体重，计算体质指数（BMI）并与参考值比较。结果受检儿童膳食钙、锌、视黄醇与核黄素均分别低于RNI的70％，钙摄入严重不足。蛋白质主要来源于粮谷类食物，脂肪供能偏低。食物频率调查显示，食物构成比较单调；最常摄入的是谷类和蔬菜，而鱼类、肉类、肝、豆制品等很少摄入。结论石河子郊区团场学龄儿童膳食是以植物性食物为主，缺少动物性食物、豆类及其制品，膳食结构不合理，某些营养素摄入不足。     

基于价格和营养质量指数的配餐法在南宁市幼儿园膳食管理中的应用

目的 提供一种结合食物价格及营养质量指数的实用方法,以改善幼儿园不合理的膳食。方法 结合当地食物价格,计算INQ指数/食物可食部分价格比值,构建基于价格和INQ指数的食物数据库并指导南宁市3所幼儿园的膳食配餐,干预期为2个月,干预前后分别进行1次膳食调查,计算并分析干预前后幼儿园膳食结构、营养素摄入量和营养素-价格比的差异。结果 干预前,3所幼儿园的膳食结构不合理,儿童的大部分营养素摄入量低于5岁男孩的RNI标准。干预后膳食能量来源结构较干预前有所改善,儿童的营养素量摄入量较干预前均有不同程度增加,除硒和钙外,其余营养素的摄入量均超过了RNI标准,其中干预前后能量、蛋白质、脂肪、核黄素、钙等多种营养素平均摄入量存在统计学差异（P＜0.05）;除幼儿园A的硒元素、B幼儿园的能量、脂肪、碳水化合物和尼克酸及幼儿园C的脂肪外,其余营养素摄入量与食物价格的比值均较干预期有所提高,干预前后视黄醇、核黄素、维生素E、钙等多种营养素的营养素-价格比差异具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论 基于价格及营养质量指数的配餐法科学准确、简单实用,可在不显著增加经费支出情况下明显改善幼儿园膳食质量。     

陕西汉中农村居民膳食结构与营养状况研究

目的探讨陕西汉中农村居民的膳食结构特点及营养素摄入状况。方法采用半定量食物频率问卷于2010年对汉中市18～80岁农村常住居民的膳食进行横断面调查。结果共调查2958人,调查对象平均年龄50.0岁;平均受教育年限为6.8年。因子分析提取4个主要因子,反映4种膳食结构类型,分别定义为均衡模式、素食模式、饮酒模式和节俭模式。各类食物中,调查人群谷类、豆类、油脂类和食盐的平均每标准人日摄入量均高于2002年中国农村居民的平均水平(P<0.05),并且除豆类外,均高于推荐摄入量;动物性食物、蛋奶类和新鲜水果则显著低于全国平均水平(P<0.01)。各类营养素中,调查人群的能量、蛋白质、碳水化合物、钾、钠、镁、铁、锌等每标准人日平均摄入量显著低于全国农村平均水平(P<0.01);脂肪、钙和部分维生素则显著高于全国水平(P<0.01)。仅脂肪、维生素C和E、钠、铁和锰达到或超过膳食营养素参考摄入量(RNI)(88.8%～315.3%),其他营养素均未达到RNI标准。近51%的能量来自谷类,动物性食物只提供了7.1%的能量和11.4%的蛋白质,均低于全国农村平均水平;58.9%的铁来自谷类。结论汉中农村居民的膳食中虽然包含了中国膳食指南推荐的主要食物种类,但食物摄入量并不理想。     

大连市甘井子区小学食堂午餐营养状况调查

目的了解大连市甘井子区小学生午餐的膳食结构、能量及营养素摄入水平,并分析其影响因素,为指导学生合理膳食提出建议。方法抽查甘井子区15所小学,采用记账法各小学食堂各类食物的一周消费量进行调查统计,连续记录4周,计算平均每人每天午餐食物、能量及各种营养素摄入状况。以《学生营养午餐营养供给量》(WS/T100-1998)作为标准,做出评价。结果①谷类摄入量适宜。②豆类及其制品摄入不足,动物性食品、蔬菜摄入均过量。③植物油摄入过量。④能量摄入过量。⑤来自动物及大豆的蛋白质、铁、维生素C的摄入量均过量,钙、维生素B1、维生素B2的摄入量低于建议标准。结论小学生午餐膳食结构不合理:豆类及其制品摄入量不足,动物性食品、蔬菜及植物油摄入量过多。②小学生午餐能量和各种营养素摄入不均衡:能量、优质蛋白、脂肪等摄入量均超过推荐值,钙、维生素B1、维生素B2摄入量不足。     

北京市机关职工及托幼儿童每日硒摄入量的评价

北京市内居民平均每日膳食硒摄入量为66.4μg,托幼儿童为34.7μg,已达到目前的推荐膳食供给量标准。在成人膳食中,硒主要来源于谷类,占摄入量的63.6％,其次是动物性食品,占25.9％,其它植物性食品占10.5％;儿童膳食硒主要来源于谷类和动物性副食,各占48.9％和44.3％。 全血平均硒含量为0.146ppm,发硒含量0.578ppm。全血硒和发硒含量与每日膳食硒摄入量间均呈显著的正相关。 汞、砷及镉的每日摄入量分别为3.4,52.7和42.7μg,未超过正常地区的允许范围,不致于显著增加硒的需要量。 由于调查对象硒的营养状况正常,且每日摄入的拮抗元素为量不多,故所调查出的每日硒摄入量应为我国健康人的正常摄入量,可供制定供给量时参考。     

陕西省城乡居民膳食营养状况对比分析

目的了解陕西居民目前的膳食结构状况,为进一步改善膳食结构,提高居民生活水平提供资料。方法按经济发展状况的不同,分别在城市和农村抽取居民家庭,采取入户3日称重法进行调查。结果农村和城市的能量摄入分别为2444.4kcal（10.3MJ）和1904.3kcal（8.0MJ）;三大产热营养素产热比城市和农村蛋白质分别为11.9%和11.3%,脂肪分别为29.9%和26.2%,碳水化物分别为58.2%和62.5%;城乡居民能量的主要来源是谷类,城市与农村分别占58.7%和63.1%;动物性食物提供的能量分别占9.3%、5.1%,纯热能食物（动物油、植物油）提供的能量城乡分别占18.7%、18.0%;农村居民的薯类消费高达82.0g/标准人日,而城市居民仅消费31.5g/标准人日;城市居民的脂肪、食盐摄入量分别为43.8g和13.7g（包括酱油含盐量,不包括腌菜含盐量）,农村居民的脂肪、食盐摄入分别为52.7g和36.1g（包括酱油含盐量,不包括腌菜含盐量）。结论城乡居民膳食能量来源主要是谷类食物,且农村高于城市;动物性食物消费量城市高于农村;谷类食物的蛋白质仍为城乡居民的主要供给来源,且农村高于城市,而动物性食物蛋白质供给则城市居民户高于农村,脂肪类食物来源动物性食物城市高于农村,而植物性食物则农村高于城市。从平均营养素摄入量看,除视黄醇外,其余营养素均是农村居民高于城市。城乡居民脂肪和食盐的摄入量均远大于中国居民膳食指南推荐的每日摄入量,且农村高于城市。     

Dietary intakes of fat and antioxidant vitamins are predictors of subclinical inflammation in overweight Swiss children

BACKGROUND: In obese children, subclinical inflammation is often present and is correlated with the metabolic syndrome. Dietary factors, such as fatty acids and antioxidants, potentially modulate the association between adiposity and subclinical inflammation, but few data are available in children. OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to determine whether dietary fat or antioxidant intakes influence circulating tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin 6 (IL-6), C-reactive protein (CRP), and leptin concentrations in overweight children. DESIGN: In a cross-sectional study of 6-14-y-old normal-weight (n = 33), overweight (n = 19), and obese (n = 27) Swiss children, nutritional intakes were assessed from two 24-h dietary recalls and a 1-d dietary record. Percentage body fat from skinfold thicknesses, waist-hip ratio, and blood pressure were measured. Fasting blood samples were collected for the measurement of insulin, glucose, HDL-cholesterol, triacylglycerol, CRP, IL-6, TNF-alpha, and leptin concentrations. RESULTS: CRP, IL-6, and leptin increased significantly (P < 0.02) with increasing adiposity, independent of age; TNF-alpha did not increase. Total dietary fat and the percentage of energy from fat were significant predictors of CRP concentration, independent of body mass index (P < 0.05). Meat intake was a significant predictor of IL-6 and leptin, independent of body mass index (P < 0.05). Intakes of antioxidant vitamins (vitamins E and C and beta-carotene) were significant predictors of leptin (P < 0.05) but not of CRP, IL-6, or TNF-alpha. CONCLUSIONS: Overweight Swiss children as young as 6 y have elevated concentrations of inflammatory markers. Intakes of total fat and antioxidant vitamins are determinants of subclinical inflammation in this age group.     

Nutrient intakes in relation to body weight of nonobese and obese elderly females1–2

This study was designed to determine the relationship between the body weight of 122 noninstitutionalized elderly females and the dietary energy intake computed from food records reflecting usual food intake. Women of 62 to 82 yrs of age were divided into two groups on the basis of their triceps skinfolds; there were 63 nonobese and 59 obese females. To estimate their usual food intake, a 28-day food record (instead of a 7-day food record) was collected, and mean intakes of daily dietary enery and calorie contributing nutrients were computed. Intake of protein from animal origin (p<0.01) and the animal protein/vegetable protein r ratio (p<0.002) were significantly higher among obese than nonobese counterparts. Intakes of total energy, fats, and carbohydrates were not different between the two groups. No significant relationships between the body weights and the intakes of the dietary energy and its sources were observed among nonobese persons. However, the body weight and wt/ht ratio of obse females were positively correlated to intakes of total energy, animal fat and sucrose (p<0.05); the wt/ht ratio was correlated to animal protein intake also (p<0.05). Both the body weight and wt/ht ratio were inversely related to the density of crude fiber (crude fiber/1000 kcal) (p<0.01). The data suggest that not only the total caloric intake but the sources of energy as well as the density of fiber are related to the body weight of obse individuals.     

Effectiveness of the US Department of Agriculture 5-step multiple-pass method in assessing food intake in obese and nonobese women

BACKGROUND: National surveys of food intake rely on the 24-h dietary recall method for assessing the nutrient intakes of Americans. OBJECTIVES: This observational validation study was conducted under controlled conditions to test the effectiveness of the US Department of Agriculture (USDA) 5-step multiple-pass method for dietary recall; to test the ability of normal weight, overweight, and obese women to recall food intake; and to test the accuracy of macronutrient recall. DESIGN: Women (n = 49) aged 21-65 y with a body mass index (in kg/m(2)) of 20-45 selected all meals and snacks for 1 d from a wide variety of foods. A 24-h dietary recall with the use of the USDA 5-step multiple-pass method was administered by telephone the following day. Analysis of variance and covariance tested the overall accuracy of recall and the effect of BMI on dietary recall. RESULTS: As a population, the women overestimated their energy and carbohydrate intakes by 8-10%. No significant differences between mean actual and recalled intakes of energy and the macronutrients were observed in the obese women. Normal-weight and overweight women significantly (P < 0.01) overestimated their energy, protein, and carbohydrate intakes. Recalled fat intake was not significantly different from actual intake in women across the BMI range studied. CONCLUSIONS: The USDA 5-step multiple-pass method effectively assessed mean energy intake within 10% of mean actual intake on the previous day. Obese women more accurately recalled food intake than did overweight and normal-weight women despite undereating on the day of the study.     

Food and nutrient intakes and their associations with lower BMI in middle-aged US adults: the International Study of Macro-/Micronutrients and Blood Pressure (INTERMAP)

BACKGROUND: Clinical trial data show that reduction in total energy intake enhances weight loss regardless of the macronutrient composition of the diet. Few studies have documented dietary patterns or nutrient intakes that favor leanness [BMI (in kg/m(2)) ≤25] in free-living populations. OBJECTIVE: This investigation examined associations of usual energy, food, and nutrient intakes with BMI among US participants of the International Study of Macro-/Micronutrients and Blood Pressure (INTERMAP). DESIGN: The INTERMAP is an international cross-sectional study of dietary factors and blood pressure in men and women (ages 40-59 y) that includes 8 US population samples. The present study included data from 1794 Americans who were not consuming a special diet and who provided four 24-h dietary recalls and 2 timed 24-h urine collections. Multivariable linear regression with the residual method was used to adjust for energy intake; sex-specific associations were assessed for dietary intakes and urinary excretions with BMI adjusted for potential confounders including physical activity. RESULTS: Lower energy intake was associated with lower BMI in both sexes. Univariately, higher intakes of fresh fruit, pasta, and rice and lower intakes of meat were associated with lower BMI; these associations were attenuated in multivariable analyses. Lower urinary sodium and intakes of total and animal protein, dietary cholesterol, saturated fats, and heme iron and higher urinary potassium and intakes of carbohydrates, dietary fiber, and magnesium were associated with lower BMI in both sexes. CONCLUSION: The consumption of foods higher in nutrient-dense carbohydrate and lower in animal protein and saturated fat is associated with lower total energy intakes, more favorable micronutrient intakes, and lower BMI.     

The comparison in daily intake of nutrients, dietary habits and body composition of female college students by body mass index

The purpose of this study was to investigate differences in the body composition, dietary habits, daily intake of nutrients and clinical blood indices in female college students by body mass index of normal weight, overweight and obese. The subjects of this research were 141 respondents of a survey carried out on students, and subjects were given 60 minutes to answer questionnaires, by recording their own answers. The average heights and weights of subjects by BMI were 162.17 cm, 52.73 kg in normal weight group, 162.35 cm, 62.22 kg in overweight group and 161.72 cm, 69.82 kg in obesity group, respectively. As for the survey daily of meals, starving breakfast and kind of snacks of subjects were significantly different among the groups by BMI. In animal protein food intakes, meat intake was the highest ''every day'' food consumed by subjects, and there was a significant difference in distribution of BMI among subjects. Fruits, and greenish and yellow vegetables intakes were the highest ''every day'' foods indicated by the normal weight group. Consumption of carbonated beverages and juices showed a significant difference among groups by BMI. The average of total-cholesterol was the overweight group was the higher value. There was a significant difference in diastolic blood pressure and systolic blood pressure among the groups by BMI. Average daily calories intake levels were insufficient and the intake ratio of carbohydrates, protein, and fat was the normal weight group 68:17:15, the overweight group 64:18:18 and the obese group 73:14:13. Results of the daily vitamin intake analyses displayed riboflavin, niacin, vitamin C, and folic acid levels lower than the RI levels. Fe intake was the normal weight group 81%, overweight group 76%, obese group 59% of the RI level. Therefore, it is necessary for college students to establish regular meals, good quality snacks and consuming more vitamin and mineral nutritions for optimal health conditions.     

Sucrose compared with artificial sweeteners: different effects on ad libitum food intake and body weight after 10 wk of supplementation in overweight subjects

BACKGROUND: The role of artificial sweeteners in body-weight regulation is still unclear. OBJECTIVE: We investigated the effect of long-term supplementation with drinks and foods containing either sucrose or artificial sweeteners on ad libitum food intake and body weight in overweight subjects. DESIGN: For 10 wk, overweight men and women consumed daily supplements of either sucrose [n = 21, body mass index (BMI; in kg/m(2)) = 28.0] or artificial sweeteners (n = 20, BMI = 27.6). On average, sucrose supplements provided 3.4 MJ and 152 g sucrose/d and sweetener supplements provided 1.0 MJ and 0 g sucrose/d. RESULTS: After 10 wk, the sucrose group had increases in total energy (by 1.6 MJ/d), sucrose (to 28% of energy), and carbohydrate intakes and decreases in fat and protein intakes. The sweetener group had small but significant decreases in sucrose intake and energy density. Body weight and fat mass increased in the sucrose group (by 1.6 and 1.3 kg, respectively) and decreased in the sweetener group (by 1.0 and 0.3 kg, respectively); the between-group differences were significant at P < 0.001 (body weight) and P < 0.01 (fat mass). Systolic and diastolic blood pressure increased in the sucrose group (by 3.8 and 4.1 mm Hg, respectively) and decreased in the sweetener group (by 3.1 and 1.2 mm Hg, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Overweight subjects who consumed fairly large amounts of sucrose (28% of energy), mostly as beverages, had increased energy intake, body weight, fat mass, and blood pressure after 10 wk. These effects were not observed in a similar group of subjects who consumed artificial sweeteners.     

Evaluation of energy, nutrient and dietary fiber intakes of adolescent males

OBJECTIVE: The minimal data available on the current energy, nutrient and dietary fiber intakes of adolescent males challenges the development of effective nutrition education programs. There is a need for research into the current intakes of adolescent males and in particular their relation to the current Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs). The primary objective of this study was to assess the diet of adolescent males and relate energy, nutrient and dietary fiber intakes to the DRIs. Secondary objectives were to relate energy, macronutrient and dietary fiber intakes to body mass index (BMI)-for-age percentile categories as well as to explore vitamin/mineral supplement use and soft drink consumption. METHODS: Three-day food records were completed by 180 healthy adolescent males for analysis of energy, nutrient and dietary fiber intakes from food and supplements. Following adjustment for intra-individual variability, nutrient intake percentile distributions were related to the DRIs. Energy, macronutrient and dietary fiber intakes were compared among BMI-for-age percentile categories and diets were evaluated for vitamin/mineral supplement use and soft drink consumption. RESULTS: Median intakes for percent energy from carbohydrate, fat and protein were within the Accepted Macronutrient Distribution Ranges. Intakes of micronutrients with Estimated Average Requirement values indicated that greater than 50% of subjects consumed inadequate amounts of vitamin A and vitamin B6, and greater than 75% of subjects consumed inadequate amounts of magnesium, phosphorus and zinc. Subjects classified as overweight had significantly lower energy and carbohydrate intakes compared with subjects classified as having an acceptable body weight. The prevalence of vitamin/mineral supplement use was 16.1% and 67% of subjects reported daily consumption of soft drinks. CONCLUSION: Results of this study reveal that adolescent males are consuming the recommended amounts of macronutrients but may be at risk for consuming inadequate levels of specific micronutrients. Nutrition education programs should consider targeting select micronutrients to improve nutritional intakes of adolescent males.     

Obesity in HIV-infection: dietary correlates

OBJECTIVE: To describe the prevalence of obesity among a cohort of individuals living with HIV infection, and to determine differences in dietary intake among those subjects who are normal weight, overweight, and obese. DESIGN: A cross-sectional study among participants enrolled in the Nutrition for Healthy Living (NFHL) study. SETTING: Eligible participants included HIV-positive adults living in the greater Boston, MA and Providence, RI, areas. Subjects and Measures of Outcome: In total, 321 (265 males, 56 females) subjects were studied. Body composition measurements, demographic and health data, and fasting blood samples were analyzed. Dietary intake was assessed by three-day food records. Statistical analyses were performed using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS). RESULTS: 13% of males and 29% females were found to be obese. Energy intake per kilogram decreased by body mass index (BMI) category for both men and women (p <0.05). Although not different between groups, mean total fat and saturated fat intakes were above recommendations for both men and women in all BMI categories, while total grams dietary fiber decreased as BMI increased. Individuals in all BMI groups had micronutrient intakes below the Dietary Reference Intakes. Serum markers of insulin resistance were significantly different by BMI category among men and women, as well as triglycerides and total cholesterol for the males. CONCLUSIONS: Obesity and diet in individuals living with HIV-infection needs to be addressed, as quality of dietary intake may have future implications regarding cardiovascular disease, metabolic syndrome, and other health risks associated with overweight and obesity.     

糖尿病患者入院前饮食状况调查分析

目的通过调查糖尿病患者膳食状况,分析并评价其合理性,为今后的营养治疗和健康教育工作提供科学依据。方法将新入院的75例2型糖尿病患者按体质指数（BMI）分为正常体重组和超重肥胖组,对其入院之前3d的膳食状况进行调查,将其平均实际能量摄入量与平均标准供给量相比较;蛋白质、脂肪和碳水化合物平均实际供能比例及膳食纤维的平均实际摄入量与美国糖尿病协会（ADA）推荐的糖尿病膳食目标要求相比较;其他营养素的平均实际摄入量与中国居民膳食营养推荐摄入量（RNI）或适宜摄入量（AI）相比较。结果正常体重组（n=27）患者每天平均实际摄入能量（6079．5±735．7）kJ,低于其平均标准供给量（6751．2±712．4）kJ,差异具有统计学意义（t=2．61,P〈0．05）;超重肥胖组（n=48）患者每天平均实际摄入能量（6849．6±712．4）kJ,高于其平均标准供给量（6159．6±1211．1）kJ,差异有统计学意义（t=3．91,P〈0．05）。两组患者蛋白质的平均实际供能比例均明显高于目标要求（t值分别为13．23、21．13,均P〈0．05）;脂肪的平均实际供能比例均明显高于目标要求（t值分别为5．36、10．66,均P〈0．05）;而碳水化合物的平均实际供能比例明显低于目标要求（t值分别为6．94、15．76,均P〈0．05）;膳食纤维的平均实际摄入量也明显低于目标要求（t值分别为26．54、40．80,均P〈0.05）。以上差异均有统计学意义。结论被调查患者的糖尿病饮食控制知识匮乏,需要进一步加强健康教育,从而指导其平衡膳食,合理控制总能量,均衡摄入营养素。     

Plant and animal protein intake and its association with overweight and obesity among the Belgian population

The objective of the present study was to assess animal and plant protein intakes in the Belgian population and to examine their relationship with overweight and obesity (OB). The subjects participated in the Belgian National Food Consumption Survey conducted in 2004. Food consumption was assessed by using two non-consecutive 24?h dietary recalls. About 3083 participants (?≥?15 years of age; 1546 males, 1537 females) provided completed dietary information. Animal protein intake (47?g/d) contributed more to total protein intakes of 72?g/d than plant protein intake, which accounted for 25?g/d. Meat and meat products were the main contributors to total animal protein intakes (53?%), whereas cereals and cereal products contributed most to plant protein intake (54?%). Males had higher animal and plant protein intakes than females (P?相似文献