充血性心力衰竭心率变异性改变及其与心室重塑的关系

目的:检测充血性心力衰竭患者心率变异性(HRV)改变,探讨其与心室重塑的关系。方法:采用Holter检查系统检测了36例CHF患者HRV指标24h正常R-R间期标准差(SDNN)、24h内每5min平均正常R-R间期的标准差(SDANN)24h内每5min的正常R-R间期标准差的平均值(SDNNI),相邻正常R-R间期差值的均方根(rMSSD),相邻正常R-R间期差值≥50ms心搏数占总R-R间期数的百分数(PNN50)及超声心动图指标左心室舒张末期内径(LVEDD),收缩末期内径(LVESD),左心室后壁舒张末期厚度(LVPWT),心室间隔舒张末期厚度(IVST),左心室射血分数(LVEF),左心室舒张早期及舒张晚期充盈速度比值(E/A)及左心室重量指数(LVMI),并以20例健康体检者为对照。结果:CHF患者HRV各时域指标均下降,与对照组相比有显著差异(P<0.05～<0.01)。多元回归分析显示SDNN,SDNNI与LVEDD,LVPWT呈负相关(r=-0.337～-0.362,P<0.05);rMSSD,PNN50与LVEDD,LVESD呈负相关(r=-0.142～-0.433,P<0.05);rMSSD、PNN50与LVEF呈正相关(r=0.387～0.464,P<0.05～<0.001)。结论:CHF患者HRV下降,并与心室重塑有关。     

曲美他嗪对慢性心力衰竭患者心功能与心率变异性的影响

目的 探讨曲美他嗪（TMZ）对慢性心力衰竭（CHF）患者心功能与心率变异性（HRV）的影响.方法 将58例CHF患者随机分为治疗组和对照组,各29例.两组均给予标准抗CHF治疗,治疗组加用TMZ,疗程均为3个月.治疗前后,采用心脏彩色多普勒超声测定心功能指标,包括左心室舒张末期内径（LVEDD）、左心室收缩末期内径（LVESD）、左心室射血分数（LVEF）;24 h动态心电图仪测定HRV指标,包括24 h正常R-R间期标准差（SDNN）、24 h相邻正常的R-R间期差值均方的平方根（RMSSD）、24h内5min平均正常的R-R间期标准差（SDANN）、相邻R-R间期差值＞50 ms的心搏数占所有心搏数的比例（PNN50）.结果 治疗组显效20例、有效7例、无效2例,对照组分别为13、9、7例,P＜0.05.治疗后,两组较治疗前LVESD、LVEDD明显下降,LVEF、SDNN、SDANN、RMSSD及PNN50明显升高（P均＜0.05）;与对照组治疗后比较,治疗组的改善程度更为明显（P均＜0.05）.LVEF与SDNN、SDANN、RMSSD呈正相关（r分别为0.581、0.631、0.629,P均＜0.05）,与PNN50无明显相关（P＞0.05）.结论 TMZ可有效改善CHF患者的心功能和HRV,逆转左心室重塑,从而改善预后.     

阿托伐他汀联合曲美他嗪对缺血性心脏病心衰患者心室重构及心率变异性的影响

目的探究缺血性心脏病心衰患者采取阿托伐他汀联合曲美他嗪治疗对心室重构及心率变异性的影响。方法研究对象选取2016年3月-2018年8月期间在我院治疗的80例缺血性心脏病心衰患者,按随机数表法分成对照组(40例)与观察组(40例),对照组行阿托伐他汀治疗,观察组在此基础上联合曲美他嗪治疗,比较两组治疗前后心室重构[左心室射血分数(LVEF)、左心室收缩末内径(LVESD)、左心室舒张末内径(LVEDD)、左心室短轴缩短率(FS)、脉冲多普勒(PW)测量舒张早期二尖瓣瓣尖血流峰值(E)/组织多普勒(TDI)测量舒张早期二尖瓣环室间隔处频谱(E’)]、心率变异性[窦性心律R-R间期总体标准差(SDNN)、相邻R-R间期差值均方根(rMSSD)、连续5min正常间期均值标准差(SDANN)、正常R-R间期方差50ms(RNN50)]、生化指标[C反应蛋白(CRP)、B型脑钠肽(BNP)、肌钙蛋白(c TnⅠ)]。结果相比对照组,观察组治疗后LVEF、FS较高,LVESD、LVEDD、E/E’等指标均较低,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);相比对照组,观察组治疗后SDNN、rMSSD、SDANN、RNN50等指标均较高,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);治疗后,观察组CRP、BNP、cTnⅠ水平均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论缺血性心脏病心衰采取阿托伐他汀联合曲美他嗪治疗,可增强治疗效果,改善心率变异性,延缓心室重构,减轻炎症反应。     

合并室性心律失常的心力衰竭患者心率变异性和心功能变化及其关系

目的分析合并室性心律失常的心力衰竭患者心率变异性(heart rate variability,HRV)变化及其与心功能的关系。方法选取2018年2月至2020年2月江阴市人民医院收治的105例心力衰竭患者为研究对象,根据有无偶发室性期前收缩(室早)分为观察组(n=55)和对照组(n=50),检测两组患者的HRV和心功能,并分析HRV和心功能的相关性。结果观察组患者24 h内R-R间期标准差(standard deviation of R-R interval within24 h,SDNN)、24 h内每5 min节段R-R间期平均标准差(mean standard deviation of R-R interval per 5 min segment within 24 h,SDANN)、24 h内每5 min节段R-R间期均值标准差(standard deviation of mean R-R interval per5 min segment within 24 h,ASDNN)、相邻正常R-R间期标准差(adjacent normal R-R interval standard deviation,rMSSD)及相邻正常心动周期≥50 ms的R-R间期差值构成比(composition ratio of R-R interval difference between adjacent normal cardiac cycles≥50 ms,PNN50)均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。对照组患者睡眠状态时SDNN、SDANN、ASDNN、r MSSD及PNN50均高于清醒状态,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);观察组患者睡眠状态和清醒状态时的SDNN、SDANN、ASDNN、r MSSD及PNN50比较,差异无统计意义(P0.05)。观察组患者左心室射血分数(left ventricular ejection fraction,LVEF)、二尖瓣心室充盈早期血流速度峰值(E峰)和晚期心室充盈心房收缩血流速度峰值(A峰)的比值(E/A)低于对照组,左心室舒张末期内径(left ventricular end diastolic dimension,LVEDD)、左心房内径(left atrial diameter,LAD)高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。Spearman相关分析显示,SDNN、SDANN、ASDNN、rMSSD与LVEF、E/A呈正相关,与LVEDD、LAD呈负相关(P0.05)。结论心力衰竭合并室性心律失常患者HRV呈低表达,且与心功能具有相关性。     

螺内酯对急性前壁心肌梗死患者心率变异性及左室重构的影响

目的探讨螺内酯对急性前壁心肌梗死患者心率变异性(HRV)及左室重构的影响。方法选取80例急性前壁心肌梗死患者,随机分为对照组及螺内酯组,对照组给予常规药物治疗,螺内酯组在常规药物治疗基础上加用螺内酯20 mg,1次/d,入院第7天及治疗3月后测量HRV及左室重构指标变化。结果治疗3月后对照组患者HRV及左室重构指标较治疗前变化不明显。螺内酯组患者HRV指标明显改善,左室舒张末期内径(LVEDD)、左室收缩末期内径(LVESD)下降,左室射血分数(LVEF)较治疗前显著升高(P0.05)。结论螺内酯能够有效改善急性心肌梗死患者的HRV及左室重构。     

老年高血压患者家庭自测血压变异性与心率变异性的相关性研究

目的探讨老年高血压患者家庭自测血压变异性(BPV)与心率变异性的相关性。方法 2011年10月²013年4月,对172例老年高血压患者进行7d家庭自测血压以及24h动态心电图监测。根据家庭自测BPV三分位分为低变异性组56例、中变异性组62例和高变异性组54例。结果与低变异性组比较,中变异性组和高变异性组24h连续正常R-R间期的标准差(SDNN)、连续正常R-R间期均值的标准差(SDANN)、相邻正常R-R间期的差值均方根(rMSSD)及低频明显降低(P<0.05);与中变异性组比较,高变异性组SDNN、SDANN、rMSSD及低频明显降低(P<0.05)。多元线性逐步回归分析显示,家庭收缩压变异性与SDNN、SDANN、rMSSD和低频呈负相关(P<0.05),与极低频呈正相关(P<0.05);家庭舒张变异性与吸烟呈正相关(P<0.05),与SDNN呈负相关(P<0.05)。结论老年高血压患者BPV与24h心率变异性密切相关。     

厄贝沙坦联合螺内酯治疗慢性心力衰竭患者的临床疗效及其对炎性因子、自主神经功能的影响研究

目的探讨厄贝沙坦联合螺内酯治疗慢性心力衰竭(CHF)患者的临床疗效及其对炎性因子、自主神经功能的影响。方法选取2016年1月—2017年6月青海省中医院收治的CHF患者90例,采用随机数字表法分为对照组和观察组,每组45例。对照组患者采用常规治疗,观察组患者在常规治疗基础上给予厄贝沙坦联合螺内酯治疗;两组患者均连续治疗6个月。比较两组患者临床疗效,治疗前后收缩压、舒张压、心率、炎性因子[包括白介素6(IL-6)、肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)、超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)]、心率变异性指标[包括高频功率(HF)、低频功率(LF)、24 h正常窦性R-R间期标准差(SDNN)、正常相邻RR间期差值的均方根(rMSSD)]及心功能指标[包括左心室舒张末期内径(LVEDD)、左心室收缩末期内径(LVESD)、左心室射血分数(LVEF)、脑钠肽(BNP)]水平,并观察两组患者治疗期间不良反应发生情况。结果 (1)观察组患者临床疗效优于对照组(P0.05)。(2)治疗前两组患者收缩压、舒张压、心率比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05);治疗后观察组患者收缩压、舒张压、心率低于对照组(P0.05)。(3)治疗前两组患者IL-6、TNF-α、hs-CRP比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05);治疗后观察组患者IL-6、TNF-α、hs-CRP低于对照组(P0.05)。(4)治疗前两组患者HF、LF、SDNN、rMSSD比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05);治疗后观察组患者HF、LF、SDNN、r MSSD高于对照组(P0.05)。(5)治疗前两组患者LVEDD、LVESD、LVEF、BNP比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05);治疗后观察组患者LVEDD、LVESD短于对照组,LVEF高于对照组,BNP低于对照组(P0.05)。(6)两组患者治疗期间不良反应发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论厄贝沙坦联合螺内酯治疗CHF患者的疗效确切,可有效改善患者心功能、自主神经功能,降低炎性因子水平,有利于减轻炎性反应并控制疾病进展,且安全性较高。     

心力衰竭并阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征患者心率变异性变化及其对预后的影响研究

目的探究心力衰竭并阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(OSAHS)患者心率变异性(HRV)变化及其对预后的影响。方法选取2012年1月—2015年5月秦皇岛市第二医院收治的初发心力衰竭患者364例作为观察组,并根据OSAHS发生情况将患者分为心力衰竭并OSAHS组(A组)219例与心力衰竭无OSAHS组(B组)145例;另选取同期在秦皇岛市第二医院体检健康者180例作为正常对照组。比较A、B两组患者临床资料及预后,3组受检者HRV指标。结果 A、B组患者吸烟史阳性率、疾病类型、美国纽约心脏病学会(NYHA)分级、左心室射血分数(LVEF)、左心室舒张末期内径(LVEDD)、高血压和糖尿病及高脂血症发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。A、B组患者24 h窦性R-R间期总体标准差(SDNN)、24 h每5 min平均窦性R-R间期标准差(SDANN)、相邻窦性R-R间期差值的均方根(r MSSD)、相邻R-R间期差值50 ms百分比(PNN50)、总功率(TP)、极低频(VLF)、低频(LF)、高频(HF)低于正常对照组,A组患者SDNN、SDANN、r MSSD、PNN50、TP、VLF、LF、HF低于B组(P0.05)。A组患者心律失常、心源性猝死发生率及再次入院率高于B组(P0.05)。结论心力衰竭并OSAHS患者HRV指标低于单纯心力衰竭患者,预后较差。     

心率减速率和连续心率减速率在心肌梗死后猝死患者中的变化及其意义

目的探讨心率减速率(DC)和连续心率减速率(DRs)在心肌梗死后患者猝死风险的预警价值。方法选自2014年2月~2015年6月接受治疗的200例心肌梗死患者为观察对象。根据其预后分为猝死组(12例)和非猝死组(188例)。回顾性分析其临床资料,观察两组患者DC和DRs水平的差异,比较两组患者心率变异性和相关实验室指标的差异,分析DC和DRs水平与心率变异性、实验室指标的相关性。结果猝死组患者的DC和DRs水平明显低于非猝死组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);猝死组患者24 h全部正常R-R间期的标准差(SDNN)、24 h每5 min正常R-R间期平均值的标准差(SDANN)和左室射血分数(LVEF)明显低于非猝死组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);DC和DRs水平与SDNN、SDANN和LVEF显著正相关(P0.05),而与相邻正常R-R间期差值的均方根值(RMSSD)、NN50计数占总R-R间期数的百分比(%)(PNN50)和左室收缩压(LVPS)无明显相关关系(P0.05)。结论心肌梗死后猝死患者的DC和DRs水平较低,且与患者心率变异性等密切相关。     

心率减速力与急性心肌梗死患者预后、心率变异性及心功能的相关性分析

目的分析心率减速力(DC)与急性心肌梗死(AMI)患者预后、心率变异性(HRV)及心功能的相关性。方法选取2011年2月—2016年2月东营市广饶县人民医院收治的AMI患者200例,根据预后分为死亡组25例和存活组175例。比较两组患者DC、24 h全部窦性R-R间期的标准差(SDNN)、每5 min窦性R-R间期均值的标准差(SDANN)、24 h内所有相邻窦性R-R间期差值的均方根(RMSSD)、相邻窦性R-R间期差值50 ms的心搏数占全部心搏数的百分比(PNN50)、左心室收缩压(LVPS)及左心室射血分数(LVEF);DC与AMI患者心率变异性指标、心功能指标的相关性分析采用直线相关分析。结果死亡组患者DC低于存活组(P0.001)。死亡组患者SDNN、SDANN、RMSSD、PNN50、LVPS、LVEF低于存活组(P0.001)。直线相关分析结果显示,DC与AMI患者SDNN(r=0.362)、SDANN(r=0.396)、RMSSD(r=0.125)、LVEF(r=0.492)呈正相关(P0.05)。结论 DC与AMI患者预后、心率变异性及心功能有关。     

Effect of long term therapy with spironolactone on parameters of 24-hour heart rhythm variability and ventricular arrhythmias in patients with heart failure receiving optimal therapy

Aim of the investigation was the study of influence of spironolactone (25-75 mg/day) on clinico-functional and neurohormonal, 24-hour variability of cardiac rhythm, and ventricular disturbances of heart rhythm in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) receiving optimal therapy. Forty nine patients were included in the study--44 men (89,8%) and 5 women (10.2%) in the age from 28 to 75 years with II-IV NYHA functional class (FC) CHF, LV ejection fraction (EF) 35%, plasma levels of creatinine 150 micromol/L and potassium 5 mmol/L. Main causes of development of CHF were dilated cardiomyopathy, ischemic heart disease (large focal postinfarction cardiosclerosis) and decompensated hypertensive heart [25/20/4 (51%/40.8%/8.2%), respectively]. As a result of randomization 2 groups of observation were formed: group 1-19 patients receiving spironolactone in a 24 hour dose 25-75 mg, group 2-control group-30 patients without therapy with spironolactone. Inhibitors of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) took 100%, beta-adrenoblockers--63.2% of patients. Control examination was conducted before randomization, in 6 and 12 months of follow up. During period of observation no changes of FC were noted in control group. In the spironolactone group after 6 months f treatment in 6 patients FC improved (p=0.028). By the end of follow up the given effect lost its significance, but in 5 (38.5%) patients by termination of the study FC II of CHF was noted, what was accompanied with moderate increase of distance walked during 6-minute walk test from 354 to 378 m. Addition of spironolactone to conducted therapy was followed by increase of concentration of aldosterone by 153 (84; 426) microg/ml, p=0.009, what discriminated (p=0.007) the given patients from control group and provoked increase of plasma rennin activity. Median concentration of angiotensin II changed not substantially [0.78 (-1.84; 2.66) mg/ml] after 12 months of treatment. Changes of noradrenalin, vasopressin, and endothelin were insignificant in both groups of observation. After 12 months of treatment median of changes of concentration of atrial natriuretic peptide was -51.9 ( -87; -43.9) microg/ml. At the same time in control group was observed gradual growth of concentrations of the given peptide from initial 107.3 to 168.5 microg/ml by the moment of termination of the study. Basic influence on spectral and temporal indexes of HRV spironolactone exerted in day time of 24 hours with increase of by 24.5 (10; 34) ms (p=0.042) after 6 months of treatment. Maximal lowering of number of ventricular extrasystoles from initial 75 (39; 477) to 12 (0; 15) (p=0.043) were achieved with administration of spironolactone in combination with ACE inhibitor and beta-adrenoblocker after 12 months of treatment what was followed with decrease of number of patients with episodes of of ventricular tachycardia from 50 to 18% (p=0.035). Addition of spironolactone in a dose of 75 mg/day to optimal therapy including ACE inhibitor and b-adrenoblocker is accompanied with betterment of clinical state and FC of patients with CHF. CONCLUSION: Neurohormonal markers of application of spironolactone in combination with ACE inhibitor appear elevation of activity of plasma renin and concentration of aldosterone in combination with lowering of concentration of atrial natriuretic peptide in plasma of patients with CHF. Long term block of aldosterone at receptor level is accompanied with betterment of parameters of HRV in patients with CHF during day time. Addition of spironolactone to therapy with ACE inhibitor and beta-adrenoblocker bisoprolol decreases quantity and severity of ventricular rhythm disturbances in patients with moderate and severe CHF.     

Effect of spironolactone on plasma brain natriuretic peptide and left ventricular remodeling in patients with congestive heart failure

OBJECTIVES: We sought to evaluate the effects of spironolactone on neurohumoral factors and left ventricular remodeling in patients with congestive heart failure (CHF). BACKGROUND: Aldosterone (ALD) promotes collagen synthesis and structural remodeling of the heart. Spironolactone, an ALD receptor antagonist, is reported to reduce mortality in patients with CHF, but its influence on left ventricular remodeling has not been clarified. METHODS: Thirty-seven patients with mild-to-moderate nonischemic CHF were randomly divided into two groups that received treatment with spironolactone (n = 20) or placebo (n = 17). We measured left ventricular volume and mass before treatment and after four months of treatment. We also measured the plasma levels of neurohumoral factors, such as atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), as well as plasma procollagen type III aminoterminal peptide (PIIINP), a marker of myocardial fibrosis. RESULTS: Left ventricular volume and mass were significantly decreased and ejection fraction was significantly increased in the spironolactone group, while there were no changes in the placebo group. Plasma levels of ANP, BNP and PIIINP were significantly decreased after spironolactone treatment, but were unchanged in the placebo group. There was a significant positive correlation between the changes of PIIINP and changes of the left ventricular volume index (r = 0.45, p = 0.045) as well as the left ventricular mass index (r = 0.65, p = 0.0019) with spironolactone treatment. CONCLUSIONS: These findings indicate that four months of treatment with spironolactone improved the left ventricular volume and mass, as well as decreased plasma level of BNP, a biochemical marker of prognosis and/or ventricular hypertrophy, suggesting that endogenous aldosterone has an important role in the process of left ventricular remodeling in nonischemic patients with CHF.     

醛固酮拮抗剂对老年慢性心力衰竭患者的疗效

目的：探讨长期应用醛固酮拮抗剂（螺内酯）的老年慢性心力衰竭（CHF）患者的左室重构、左室功能与脑钠肽（BNP）水平的关系和临床评价治疗效果。方法：在常规治疗心力衰竭药物治疗的基础上,120例CHF患者采用双盲法随机分为：螺内酯组（66例,螺内酯20mg／d）,CHF常规治疗对照组（54例）;检测治疗前、治疗3个月后左室重量指数（LVMI）、左心室射血分数（LVEF）、脑钠肽（BNP）水平的变化并进行比较分析。结果：螺内酯组心功能改善的总有效率80％,明显高于CHF常规治疗对照组的9．25％,P〈0.05;与CHF常规治疗对照组比较,螺内酯组治疗3月后LVMI[（340．7±68．3）g／m2比（179．6±33．3）g／m2]、BNP[（366．15±23．36）pg／ml比（330．38±11．56）pg／ml]水平显著降低,LVEF[（34．11±2．71）％比（46．2±3．9）％]显著升高（P均〈0．05）。结论：醛固酮拮抗剂在常规治疗心力衰竭的药物治疗的基础上,可降低BNP水平,改善心功能,抑制心室重构。     

Efficacy and safety of long-term application of spironolactone in patients with moderate and severe chronic heart failure receiving optimal therapy

Aim of the investigation was the study of influence of spironolactone (25 - 75 mg/day) on clinico-functional status, parameters of left ventricular (LV) remodeling, as well as safety of its long term application in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) receiving optimal therapy. Forty nine patients were included in the study - 44 men (89,8%) and 5 women (10,2%) in the age from 28 to 75 years with II-IV NYHA functional class (FC) CHF, LV ejection fraction (EF) 35%, plasma levels of creatinine 150 mmol/L and potassium 5 mmol/L. Main causes of development of CHF were dilated cardiomyopathy, ischemic heart disease (large focal postinfarction cardiosclerosis) and decompensated hypertensive heart [25/20/4 (51%/40,8%/8,2%), respectively]. As a result of randomization procedure 2 groups of observation were formed: group 1 - 19 patients receiving spironolactone in a 24 hour dose 25 - 75 mg, group 2 - control group - 30 patients without therapy with spironolactone. Inhibitors of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) took 100%, b-adrenoblockers - 63,2% of patients. Control examination was conducted before randomization, in 6 and 12 months of follow up. During period of observation no changes of FC were noted in control group. In the group of treatment with spironolactone after 6 months in 6 patients FC lowered ( =0,028). By the end of follow up the given effect lost its significance, but 5 (38,5%) patients by termination of the study had FC II of CHF, what was accompanied with moderate increase of distance walked during 6-minute walk test from 354 to 378 m. In patients in the group of spironolactone treatment already after 6 months of treatment there occurred decrease of LV volumes, what by the end of period of observation for LV end diastolic volume (EDV) amounted - 76 ( - 118; - 7), and for LV end systolic volume (ESV) - 53 ml ( - 96; - 7) ml ( =0,008) at absolute increment of LVEF by 3 (0; 12)% ( =0,05). In control group in 12 months decrease of LVEDV was less pronounced and LV ESV did not change. Finally after 12 months of observation the groups became to differ by change of LVEF ( =0,035) and LVESV ( =0,02). Changes of LV volumes were followed by lowering of median concentration of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) in plasma by - 51,9 ( - 87; - 43,9) mg/ml. At the same time in control group gradual rise of concentration of the given peptide was observed from initial 107,3 to 168,5 mg/ml at the moment of study termination. Changes of BP level, creatinine concentration in patients in the study were not fixed in any of treatment groups. Development of moderate hyperkaliemia amounted 21.0%, gynecomastia or pain in the region of mammary glands were fixed in 26,3% of patients in 12 months of treatment. Addition of spironolactone in a dose of 75 mg/day to optimal therapy, including ACE inhibitor and b-adrenoblocker is accompanied with improvement of clinical state and FC of patients with moderate and severe CHF. Long term therapy with spironolactone blocks processes of desadaptive LV remodeling and improves LV contractile function, what is reflected in lowering of ANP concentration in plasma of patients with CHF. Application of spironolactone in combination with ACE inhibitor and b-adrenoblocker bisoprolol does not lead to lowering of BP level and worsening of renal function, but is accompanied with development of hyperkaliemia in patients with CHF. Gynecomastia appears to be main reason limiting long term use of spironolactone in patients with CHF in a dose of 75 mg/day.     

心率变异性评价心力衰竭及其等级的临床应用

目的 :评价心率变异性在充血性心力衰竭患者的临床应用价值。方法 :用 2 4h动态心电图研究充血性心力衰竭患者和对照组的心率变异性 ,并与其它心脏结构及功能参数比较。结果 :充血性心力衰竭组的 SDNN,SDANN,L F,HF和 L F/HF均较对照组显著降低 （P<0 .0 5或 P<0 .0 1）。随心力衰竭严重程度的增加 ,心率变异性呈递进性降低 ,且与左室射血分数、左室短轴缩短率及左室舒张末内径的改变相关 （P<0 .0 5或 P<0 .0 1）。结论 :心率变异性测定可以作为心力衰竭的诊断及其严重程度判断的客观指标。     

比索洛尔、依那普利和螺内酯联合治疗风湿性心脏病慢性心力衰竭的效果

目的:观察比索洛尔、依那普利和螺内酯联合治疗风湿性心脏病（风心病）慢性心力衰竭（心衰,CHF）对心脏重构的影响。方法: 风心病并发心衰患者86例,随机分为比索洛尔、依那普利和螺内酯联合治疗组（试药组）以及常规治疗方案对照组（对照组）。在治疗后1年测定心功能与左室内径等指标。结果: 试药组左室舒张末期内径（LVEDD）、左室收缩末期内径（LVESD）显著下降,左室射血分数（LVEF）增加显著,与对照组比较有显著差异（均P<0．05）。结论: 比索洛尔、依那普利和螺内酯联合治疗治疗风心病心力衰竭较常规治疗方法在改善心衰,阻止心脏重构方面效果更好。     

冠心病和充血性心力衰竭患者的心率变异性

本文采用标准差法及心率变指数法分析了冠心病、充血性心力衰竭及正常人各５０例的心率变异性，结果发现冠心病及充血性心力衰竭者的心率变异值显著低于正常人。心衰组中，心衰程度越重者，心率弈异赵低。且心率变异与心胸比值及ＰＥＰ／ＬＶＥＴ呈负相关，与心脏指数呈正相关。急性心肌梗死者的心率变趔氏于陈旧性心肌梗死和心绞痛者。２４例心肌梗死者查心室晚电位，晚电位阳性者的心率变异值显著低于晚电位阴性者，提示两者结合可     

Effects of long term therapy with angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor quinapril, antagonist of receptors to angiotensin II valsartan, and combination of quinapril and valsartan in patients with moderate chronic heart failure. Main results of the SADKO-CHF study

AIM: To compare effects of therapy with angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor quinapril (Q), angiotensin II receptor antagonist valsartan (V), and their combination in patients with stable moderate chronic heart failure (CHF). MATERIAL AND METHODS: Patients (n=80) with NYHA class II-III CHF due to ischemic heart disease, dilated cardiomyopathy or decompensated hypertensive heart and ejection fraction <40% were randomized into 3 groups. Patients of group Q, V and Q+V received Q (average dose 13 mg/day, n=28), V (121 mg/day, n=26), and combination of Q and V (12 and 78 mg/day, n=26), respectively. Methods included assessment of clinical state and quality of life, echocardiography, 6 min walk test, Holter ECG monitoring with measurements of parameters of heart rate variability (HRV), and determination of neurohormones in peripheral blood. Examinations and measurements were made at baseline, in 3 and 6 months. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: Six months therapy with Q, V and their combination resulted in improvement of clinical and functional state of patients. More pronounced augmentation of exercise tolerance and lowering of CHF functional class were observed in group Q. Combined use of Q and V had no significant advantages over monotherapy with Q and V when effect on parameters of left ventricular remodeling were concerned. Therapy with Q was associated with "escape" of blockade of aldosterone synthesis and "reactivation" of angiotensin II formation after 6 months. The use of V and combination of V+Q allowed to achieve more stable but incomplete control of aldosterone activity. The use of Q appears to be the preferential regimen to influence activity of sympathoadrenal system and parameters of 24 hour HRV compared with V and Q+V. Long term therapy with V does not improve main parameters of 24 hour HRV.     

安体舒通对慢性充血性心力衰竭患者QT离散度的影响

目的观察安体舒通对慢性充血性心力衰竭患者QT离散度(QTd)的影响,探讨其临床应用价值。方法采用随机、对照方法,设立安体舒通干预组及常规治疗组,测定两组用药前及用药1月后的QTd、校正QT离散度(QTcd)、血钾、血镁、血钠和肌酐。同时测定正常对照者的QTd及QTcd。结果心力衰竭组QTd、QTcd较对照组明显延长,差异有显著性(p<0.01);安体舒通干预组治疗后QTd、QTcd较治疗前显著下降(p<0.01):安体舒通干预组血清钾、镁治疗后较治疗前明显升高(p<0.01),肌酐轻度减低但差异无显著性(p>0.05)。结论安体舒通可降低心衰患者的QTd、QTcd。     

培哚普利与氯沙坦治疗心力衰竭对心室重构的影响

目的　观察培哚普利与氯沙坦联合治疗老年性慢性心力衰竭 (CHF)对心室重构与血脑利钠肽 (BNP)水平的影响。方法　心衰患者随机分为培哚普利组与培哚普利加氯沙坦组。在治疗前及治疗后 3个月测定心功能与左室内径等指标 ,并测定血浆BNP含量的变化。结果　BNP与NYHA分级、LVEDD、LVESD呈正相关 ;与LVEF增加呈负相关。培哚普利加氯沙坦组LVEDD、LVESD下降显著 ,LVEF增加明显 ,与培哚普利组比较有显著差异性 (P <0 .0 5)。结论　培哚普利加氯沙坦治疗老年CHF较单独应用培哚普利治疗能更好地改善心衰 ,预防左室重构、降低血浆BNP水平。