住院待产时间与分娩方式相关性分析

目的探讨分娩前住院待产时间与分娩方式的关系。方法选取2013年1月～2013年6月在本院产科住院分娩足月初产妇204例的资料进行回顾性分析。结果剖宫产分娩前住院待产时间明显长于阴道分娩的住院待产时间。结论延长住院待产时间会增加剖宫产率,应把握住院指征,推迟入院待产时间。     

水中待产优势的临床研究

目的探讨水中待产产妇的产程,产道裂伤,分娩疼痛及新生儿评分影响。方法自愿水中待产低危符合条件的孕妇60例为水中待产组,随机取同期阴道分娩足月单胎,头位,无妊娠合并症及并发症产妇为对照组,观察两组产妇的产程,产道裂伤,减轻疼痛效果及新生儿评分。结果水中待产产妇产程较对照组缩短(P<0.01),水中待产产妇无一例行会阴切开,对照组会阴切开率71.67%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);水中待产组下水后疼痛缓解率93.33%,两组新生儿平分方面比较无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论水中待产的优势体现在缩短产程,减轻疼痛,降低会阴侧切率。     

分娩室的潜在安全纠纷隐患分析及预防对策

目的探讨杜绝待产和产程观察过程中的安全隐患,确保产科安全的有效措施。方法对待产和产程观察的全过程进行分析,仔细找出其中的隐患,加强环节的管理,及早采取有效的预防措施,防止缺陷及纠纷的发生。结果通过对待产及产程观察的全过程各环节进行分析,及早纠正了一些不安全的苗头,避免了纠纷的发生。结论加强待产及产程的观察及环节的管理,是确保产程安全,预防纠纷发生的有效手段。     

持续全程胎心监护在待产孕妇中的应用分析

目的探讨持续全程胎心监护在待产孕妇中的应用效果。方法 5083例待产孕妇,依据是否实施持续全程胎心监护分为对照组(1503例)和观察组(3580例)。对照组给予常规胎心音的监测,观察组采取持续全程胎心监护。观察两组临床疗效。结果观察组待产孕妇剖宫产比例、胎儿窘迫、新生儿窒息发生率均优于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(χ~2=11.67、4.41、3.31,P<0.05)。结论持续全程胎心监护在待产孕妇中的应用可以明显降低剖宫产比例,提高新生儿生存质量,值得临床推广应用。     

家庭式产前教育在康乐待产过程中对产妇影响的观察与探讨

目的：探讨家庭式产前教育在康乐待产过程中对产妇的影响。方法选取单胎、头位、足月、无妊娠合并症的初产妇230例,分为观察组120例和对照组110例,观察组产前由指定家属陪同参加孕妇学校＞90％课程,且选择康乐待产;对照组未参加孕妇学校课程选择康乐待产,观察2组产妇焦虑情绪及宫缩时疼痛程度。结果观察组较对照组产妇焦虑情绪明显缓解及宫缩时疼痛程度明显减轻,差异有统计学意义（ P＜0.05）。结论家庭式产前教育能缓解产妇焦虑情绪,减轻宫缩疼痛,使康乐待产过程更加和谐。     

足月胎膜早破孕妇体位对产程的影响

目的 探讨足月胎膜早破孕妇的体位对产程的影响.方法 将2010年3-12月在本院待产足月胎膜早破的孕妇100例,随机分为实验组和对照组.实验组50例,在监测胎心、胎动、定时吸氧情况下,采取不限制孕妇体位,让孕妇取自由舒适体位待产;对照组50例,在监测胎心、胎动、定时吸氧情况下,行传统的抬高臀部卧床休息待产.结果 实验组...     

自由体位待产对足月头位已衔接的胎膜早破孕妇阴道分娩结局的作用效果

目的:总结并归纳自由体位待产对足月头位已衔接的胎膜早破孕妇阴道分娩中的作用。方法:从我院2014年9月～2017年9月,选取50例足月头位已衔接的胎膜早破孕妇作为研究对象,以计算机表法分为两组,观察组以及对照组各25例,对照组使用高臀卧位待产,观察组采用自由体位待产,以两组孕妇在分娩后的羊水出血量、失血量以及新生儿的情况作为主要评价标准,对两种不同的待产体位效果进行评估。结果:在观察组,使用自由体位待产后,各项数值与对照组相比,呈现较为优异的状况,而且两者之间相差较大,而P0.05,数据从统计结果思考,具有参考价值。结论:自由体位待产对足月头位已衔接的胎膜早破孕妇阴道分娩时具有更高的效果,应该使产妇采取适合自己的体位,并且时常改变,使待产孕妇的产程缩短,减少并发症的出现几率,可以被推广应用。     

自由体位待产及分娩对活跃期初产妇分娩结局的影响分析

目的探究初产妇实施自由体位待产与传统卧位待产对产妇妊娠的影响。方法选取我院2014年7月~2015年6月收治的待产的初产妇共603例,所有初产妇按照入院时间顺序随机分为对照组与观察组。对照组产妇待产及分娩时采用传统平卧位,观察组患者采用自由体位待产及分娩,包括蹲位、坐位、侧卧位及直立位。比较两组初产妇分娩结局、并发症,第一、第二、总产程时间,及新生儿Apgar评分情况。结果观察组产妇经阴道顺产人数明显多于对照组,剖宫产人数明显少于对照组,差异有统计学意义(x2=13.4598,15.9780,P0.05)。观察组分娩并发症包括产后出血、会阴侧切,发生率为4.6%、2.7%,明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。观察组产妇第一、第二及总产程均明显短于对照组初产妇,差异有统计学意义(t=6.2519,22.9455,7.6608,P0.05)。两组产妇新生儿1、5、10min Apgar评分无明显统计学差异(P0.05)。结论初产妇实施自由体位待产及分娩可以有效缩短产程,并且可以降低分娩并发症,安全有效,值得临床产科推广使用。     

待产妇的心理状态及其影响因素

目的为了深入探讨待产妇焦虑、抑郁等精神障碍发生率,为做好产前心理咨询提供依据。减轻待产妇心理负担,使待产妇以最佳状态顺利完成分娩。方法选取2008年10月至2009年4月在我院接受住院待产的孕妇120例,采用医院焦虑、抑郁情绪测定量表并自制调查问卷对100例待产妇心理状态进行调查,回顾分析这些待产孕妇的数据资料以及影响待产孕妇心理状态的各种因素。结果婆媳关系、公婆对分娩的态度、身体健康状况、接受孕产期知识教育、对新生儿性别认可、对分娩心理准备、孕期夫妻关系、身体健康状况、定期行产前检查、接受孕产期知识教育、对新生儿性别认可、对分娩心理准备、待产准备等13项因素都与焦虑及抑郁有显著相关性。结论待产妇存在较高的焦虑、抑郁等精神障碍发生率,且互相之间存在密切的相关性。提示妊娠期间对待产孕妇进行必要的心理护理工作是十分重要的。     

孕妇待产期间焦虑的护理体会

焦虑是孕产妇常见的心理问题。有研究表明,孕妇待产期间焦虑的增加可影响其产程进度,造成产程延长,影响分娩后子宫的复旧及母乳喂养的成功率。因此,重视待产孕妇的焦虑问题,采取有效的护理措施,帮助待产孕妇避免或减轻焦虑的发生,对其获得良好的分娩结局有重要意义。根据我科临产孕妇的特点,我们摸索出一些有效的护理方法,报告如下:1临床资料2003年1月~2005年12月期间,我院待产孕妇37例,年龄22~35岁,其中初产孕妇29例,经产妇8例;高中以上文化程度21例,高中以下文化程度者13例,文盲3例;焦虑程度,轻度31人,中度5人,重度1人。所有病人均无其他…     

Efficacy of gut lavage,hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the therapy of paraquat or diquat intoxication

Clinical and in vitro investigations were carried out to test the efficacy of gut lavage, hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the treatment of poisoning with paraquat or diquat. In a patient suffering from diquat intoxication 130 times more diquat was removed by gut lavage 30 h after ingestion than was removed by complete aspiration of the gastric contents.Determination of in vitro clearances for paraquat and diquat by hemodialysis showed that, at serum concentrations of 1–2 ppm, such as are frequently encountered in poisoning in man, toxicologically relevant quantities of herbicide cannot be removed from the body. At a concentration of 20 ppm, on the other hand, hemodialysis proved to be effective, the clearance being 70 ml/min at a blood flow rate of 100 ml/min. The efficacy of hemoperfusion with coated activated charcoal was on the whole better. Especially at concentrations around 1–2 ppm, the clearance values for hemoperfusion were some 5–7 times higher than those for hemodialysis.In a patient suffering from paraquat poisoning, both hemodialysis as well as hemoperfusion were carried out. The in vitro results could be confirmed: At serum concentrations of paraquat less than 1 ppm no clearance could be obtained by hemodialysis while by hemoperfusion with activated charcoal quite high clearance values were measured and the serum level dropped down to zero.

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Zusammenfassung Klinische Untersuchungen und Laboratoriumsversuche wurden durchgeführt, um die Wirksamkeit von Darmspülung, Hämodialyse und Hämoperfusion bei Paraquat- und Deiquat-Vergiftungen zu prüfen.Bei einem Patienten wurde 30 Std nach Deiquat-Aufnahme durch Darmspülung 130mal mehr Deiquat entfernt als durch vollständige Aspiration des Mageninhaltes. In vitro-Versuche ergaben, daß bei Blutserumkonzentrationen von 1–2 ppm, die bei Vergiftungen oft gemessen werden, durch Hämodialyse keine toxikologisch relevanten Paraquat- oder Deiquat-Mengen entfernt werden können. Dagegen erwies sich die Hämodialyse bei 20 ppm und einer Blutumlaufgeschwindigkeit von 100 ml/min mit einer Clearance von 70 ml/min als wirksam. Die Hämoperfusion mit beschicheter Aktivkohle war in diesen Versuchen aber eindeutig überlegen, denn insbesondere bei Konzentrationen um 1–2 ppm waren die Clearance-Werte 5–7mal höher als bei der Hämodialyse.Die in vitro-Ergebnisse wurden bei einem Patienten mit einer Paraquat-Vergiftung bestätigt: Bei Konzentrationen unter 1 ppm war die Hämodialyse wirkungslos, während durch Hämoperfusion relativ hohe Clearance-Werte erreicht wurden, so daß der Serumspiegel rasch unter die Nachweisgrenze abfiel.

     

In vitro studies on sterically stabilized liposomes (SL) as enzyme carriers in organophosphorus (OP) antagonism

This study describes a new approach for organophosphorous (OP) antidotal treatment by encapsulating an OP hydrolyzing enzyme, OPA anhydrolase (OPAA), within sterically stabilized liposomes. The recombinant OPAA enzyme was derived from Alteromonas strain JD6. It has broad substrate specificity to a wide range of OP compounds: DFP and the nerve agents, soman and sarin. Liposomes encapsulating OPAA (SL)* were made by mechanical dispersion method. Hydrolysis of DFP by (SL)* was measured by following an increase of fluoride ion concentration using a fluoride ion selective electrode. OPAA entrapped in the carrier liposomes rapidly hydrolyze DFP, with the rate of DFP hydrolysis directly proportional to the amount of (SL)* added to the solution. Liposomal carriers containing no enzyme did not hydrolyze DFP. The reaction was linear and the rate of hydrolysis was first order in the substrate. This enzyme carrier system serves as a biodegradable protective environment for the recombinant OP-metabolizing enzyme, OPAA, resulting in prolongation of enzymatic concentration in the body. These studies suggest that the protection of OP intoxication can be strikingly enhanced by adding OPAA encapsulated within (SL)* to pralidoxime and atropine.     

Synthesis,Cytotoxicity and Antileishmanial Activity of Some N-(2-(indol-3-yl)ethyl)-7-chloroquinolin-4-amines

We report herein the condensation of 4,7-dichloroquinoline (1) with tryptamine (2) and D-tryptophan methyl ester (3) . Hydrolysis of the methyl ester adduct (5) yielded the free acid (6) . The compounds were evaluated in vitro for activity against four different species of Leishmania promastigote forms and for cytotoxic activity against Kb and Vero cells. Compound (5) showed good activity against the Leishmania species tested, while all three compounds displayed moderate activity in both Kb and Vero cells.     

Steroidal sapogenin contents in some domestic plants

In order to find out the values of the steroid resources for the future use. the compositions and contents of steroidal sapogenins from 13 domestic plants have been investigated. As a result,Dioscorea nipponica, D. quinqueloba andSmilax china were found to have large amount of diosgenin. And pennogenin inTrillium kamtschaticum andParis verticillata, yuccagenin inAllium fistulosum, hecogenin inAgave americana and neochlorogenin inSolanum nigum were appeared to be major steroidal sapogenins.     

Aquatic Insects and Trace Metals: Bioavailability,Bioaccumulation, and Toxicity

Abstract

The uptake of metals from food and water sources by insects is thought to be additive. For a given metal, the proportions taken up from water and food will depend both on the bioavailable concentration of the metal associated with each source and the mechanism and rate by which the metal enters the insect. Attempts to correlate insect trace metal concentrations with the trophic level of insects should be made with a knowledge of the feeding relationships of the individual taxa concerned. Pathways for the uptake of essential metals, such as copper and zinc, exist at the cellular level, and other nonessential metals, such as cadmium, also appear to enter via these routes. Within cells, trace metals can be bound to proteins or stored in granules. The internal distribution of metals among body tissues is very heterogeneous, and distribution patterns tend to be both metal and taxon specific. Trace metals associated with insects can be both bound on the surface of their chitinous exoskeleton and incorporated into body tissues. The quantities of trace meals accumulated by an individual reflect the net balance between the rate of metal influx from both dissolved and particulate sources and the rate of metal efflux from the organism. The toxicity of metals has been demonstrated at all levels of biological organization: cell, tissue, individual, population, and community. Much of the literature pertaining to the toxic effects of metals on aquatic insects is based on laboratory observations and, as such, it is difficult to extrapolate the data to insects in nature. The few experimental studies in nature suggest that trace metal contaminants can affect both the distribution and the abundance of aquatic insects. Insects have a largely unexploited potential as biomonitors of metal contamination in nature. A better understanding of the physico-chemical and biological mechanisms mediating trace metal bioavailability and exchange will facilitate the development of general predictive models relating trace metal concentrations in insects to those in their environment. Such models will facilitate the use of insects as contaminant biomonitors.