山莨菪碱治疗前后糖尿病足坏疽病人的甲襞微循环变化

观察１２０例糖尿病足坏疽患者加用山莨菪碱治疗前后的甲襞微循环变化。结果表明：治疗前坏疽病人有不同程度的甲襞微循环障碍。山莨菪碱治疗后视野能见度有明显好转，清楚管袢、发夹形管袢、管袢数目增加，袢周和袢顶的出血、渗出减少或者消失；血液流态亦明显改善，团聚流减少（由８５．７％降至２４．３％）。管袢长度、宽度及输入、输出枝直径均有明显改善。甲襞微循环改善的同时，临床坏疽伤口也逐步好转、愈合，足坏疽的治愈率达８３．３％。山莨菪碱能改善糖尿病肢端坏疽病人的甲襞微循环障碍，对坏疽伤口的愈合有益。     

口服山莨菪碱在淤胆型肝炎早期应用的临床观察

目的 观察口服山莨菪碱治疗早期淤胆型肝炎的临床疗效.方法 在常规治疗基础上给予山莨菪碱10mg tid饭前30分钟口服,疗程3天.结果 患者口服山莨菪碱1天后大便颜色变黄35例,口服2天后大便颜色变黄14例,无效1例,总有效率98%.结论 口服山莨菪碱对早期淤胆型肝炎治疗具有良好的治疗效果.     

山莨菪碱、异搏定、内毒素对重组脂质体上心肌肌膜Na~+-Ca~(2+)交换活性的影响

山莨菪碱对心肌肌膜Na~+-Ca~(2+)交换蛋白活性呈剂量依赖性的抑制作用,而异搏定不抑制Na~+-Ca~(2+)交换,高浓度反而呈轻度促进作用,内毒素则与山莨菪碱的作用相反。提示抑制Na~+-Ca~(2+)交换可能是山莨菪碱发挥其细胞保护作用的机制之一,     

山莨菪碱抗休克机制与PAF的关系

山莨菪碱是一种有效的抗休克药物。我们利用家兔SMAO休克模型和大鼠小肠灌流模型观察山莨菪碱的抗休克作用和PAF的关系。用山莨菪碱预处理家兔,可明显降低血浆PAF活性(7.06±0.90 AU/ml),比较对照组动物血浆PAF活性(9.23±0.57 AU/ml),有显著差异(P<0.05)。用山莨菪碱预灌流大鼠10 min,然后     

山莨菪碱对正常和缺氧离体心室肌跨膜电位的影响

山莨菪碱是胆碱能M受体阻断剂,并广泛应用于中毒性休克的治疗。近年来的研究结果表明,山莨菪碱的抗休克作用主要是通过其细胞膜稳定机制实现的。山茛菪碱可稳定细胞膜结构,提高细胞对缺血缺氧的耐受性。已有实验证明,山莨菪碱能缩小大鼠实     

山莨菪碱对内毒素与大鼠离体心脏及肝细胞结合的抑制作用

本实验用含异硫氰荧光素标记的内毒素(FITC内毒素25μg/ml)的灌流液及含内毒素和山莨菪碱(各25μg/ml)的灌流液进行大鼠离体心脏灌流。经荧光分光光度计测定灌流前后灌流液内毒素含量,发现山莨菪碱使内毒素与心肌组织结合率降低47.7%(P<0.02)。分离的大鼠肝细胞与FITC内毒素共同孵育,预先或同时加入山莨菪碱均可明显抑制内毒素与肝细胞结合。本实验说明:山莨菪碱在离体组织器官及细胞水平均可抑制宿主缅胞与内毒素的结合。提示:山莨菪碱在细胞膜水平上与内毒素相拮抗。     

山莨菪碱对骨骼肌微血液动力学的影响

山莨菪碱由中国植物分离提取而得。用Alfathesin麻醉的大鼠的背斜方肌(Spinotrapezius)研究了山莨菪碱对微血管的影响。静脉注射山莨菪碱(3mg/kg体重)后,测量并记录体动脉压和血液动力学的指标,包括血管口径、红细胞速度及10～5微米横向微动脉(transverse arteriole)的血流量。山莨菪碱可扩张微动脉管径,加快红细胞血流速度。微动脉血流量较对照组提高3～4倍。平均动脉压在给药后立即降低15～     

山莨菪碱为主治疗暴发型流脑患儿血浆环核苷酸的动态观察

暴发型流脑尤其是休克型是极为严重的疾病,自从采用山莨菪碱为主的综合治疗,病死率由60％降低为8.97％。通过甲皱及眼球结膜微循环的观察,发现应用山莨菪碱后毛细血管袢痉挛解除,微循环改善,并与临床症状好转相一致。表明山莨菪碱主要是通过解除微动脉痉挛发挥治疗作用。     

山莨菪碱防治甘油所致急性肾功能衰竭的实验研究

在１２９只ＳＤ大鼠的实验中动态观察了山莨菪碱对甘油所致急性肾功能衰竭时不同时期的Ｂｃｒ，ＢＵＮ，ｐＨ病理改变及死亡率的影响，结果表明：山莨菪碱能降低ＡＲＦ第５天大鼠死亡率以及Ｂｃｒ，ＢＵＮ水平。改善病理损害，对ＡＲＦ起到预防及治疗效果，山莨菪碱的预防效果优于治疗效果，预防是ＡＲＦ防治的关键，但山莨菪碱在治疗过程中要引起“冲刷综合征”导致洗脱性酸中毒，应引起注意。     

丹参与山莨菪碱治疗慢性活动型肝炎120例疗效观察

丹参与山莨菪碱治疗慢性活动型肝炎(CAH)120例,从临床主要症状体征,血液理化特性,肝功能等方面分析,疗效非常显著。其机理是:丹参与山莨菪碱有保护肝细胞膜、细胞器,阻止血细胞聚集,降低血粘度,改善微循环,阻止肝细胞纤维化,调整免疫等作用。故远期疗效也较好。在常规保肝药物治疗的同时,加用丹参与山莨菪碱治疗CAH,是较理想的疗法。     

慢性肾功能衰竭红细胞变形能力与红细胞膜的研究

本文报道了慢性肾功能衰竭患者红细胞的变形能力、红细胞膜胆固醇与磷脂比值及膜微粘度。结果表明,红细胞可变形能力明显降低,膜胆固醇与磷脂比值及膜微粘度明显增加,提示红细胞变形能力可能与红细胞膜的流动性有关。     

青紫型先天性心脏病红细胞膜流动性变化及与血液流变性的关系

应用荧光偏振法测定31例青紫型先天性心脏病患儿红细胞膜微粘度及血液流变学指标。发现息儿红细胞膜微粘度、全血粘度、红细胞比积、红细胞聚集指数及刚性指数均显著高于正常组(P<0.01);膜微粘度与全血粘度、红细胞刚性指数呈明显正相关(P<0.01)。研究表明,青紫型先天性心脏病红细胞膜微粘度增加、流动性降低,可能是引起红细胞变形性差、血液粘度增高的主要原因之一。     

Membrane fluidity of trophoblast cells and susceptibility to natural cytotoxicity

This study examines the relationship between membrane lipid microviscosity and susceptibility of villous trophoblast to lysis by natural cytotoxic cells. Trophoblast-enriched cell suspensions prepared from term human placentae were treated with cholesteryl hemisuccinate (CHS)--a modulator of membrane lipid microviscosity. CHS-treated cells were more susceptible targets for natural lymphocyte cytotoxicity than were untreated controls. In binding experiments, increased binding of lymphocytes to CHS-treated target cells was found. Preincubation with progesterone prevented membrane rigidification by CHS. Progesterone, cortisol, and estriol restored the impaired resistance of CHS-treated trophoblast cells to lysis. We determined microviscosity and progesterone concentration in villous surface membranes, prepared from placentae from idiopathic spontaneous abortions and normal first-trimester pregnancies. An inverse relationship was found between progesterone content and microviscosity of the membranes. Microviscosity of the membranes from abortion placentae was significantly higher (P less than .01) and progesterone concentration was significantly lower (P less than .001) than those in the membranes of normal first trimester placentae.     

Structural and metabolic status and functional peculiarities of erythrocytes in children with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus

Development of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in children is accompanied by essential disturbances in the peripheral subdivision of the erythron system, manifested in enhanced cell polymorphism, imbalance in the composition of membrane phospholipids and their increased microviscosity, reduced lipoprotein concentration, and enhanced reversible aggregation. These disturbances are most pronounced during metabolic decompensation accompanied by ketoacidosis, which agrees with the hypothesis on their role in the development of vascular complications.     

Correlation of lymphocyte lipid composition membrane microviscosity and mitogen response in the aged

Healthy aged and young blood donors were investigated for the role of membrane lipid composition in the age-related increase in membrane microviscosity and decline of mitogen responsiveness. Membrane microviscosity was shown to correlate positively with membrane cholesterol/phospholipid molar ratios, which were significantly elevated in the elderly. A positive correlation also was confirmed between lymphocyte membrane microviscosity, which was measured using the probe 1,6-diphenyl 1,3,5-hexatriene, and phytohemagglutinin responsiveness of cells from the same donor. Using stepwise regression statistical analysis, the variables age, cholesterol, cholesterol/total phospholipid and phosphatidyl ethanolamine/phosphatidyl choline molar ratios were all shown to have a significant positive influence on membrane microviscosity, whereas total phospholipids had a negative effect. No statistically significant difference was seen in content of any single saturated or unsaturated fatty acid between young and old donors. After pooling, however, the proportion of all unsaturated fatty acids was significantly higher in cells from the elderly as a consequence of an increase of n-6 and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. Changes in lipid composition and physical properties of lymphocyte plasma membranes may, therefore, be responsible (at least partially) for the diminution of immune reactivity in old age.     

Changes in the prolactin-binding capacity of mouse hepatic membranes with development and aging

The objective of this study was to document the developmental changes in the prolactin-binding capacity of hepatic membranes of the female mouse. Prolactin-binding capacity was measured in the microsomal membranes of liver obtained from C3H female mice at various ages. Binding capacity of these membranes remained low until 21 days of age after which it increased and reached the adult levels by 44 days of age. Additional studies were made to observe this parameter in male and female mice during aging. Both female and male mice at 450-470 days of age had values of prolactin binding that were 66% and 79% that of the 77-day-old animals, respectively. A significant increase in membrane lipid microviscosity was observed in animals from both sexes at 450-470 days of age. This was in agreement with earlier studies that showed that prolactin receptors of hepatic membranes are modulated by changes in the membrane lipid microviscosity. These changes suggest that such modifications of cellular membranes are interrelated and that changes in the membrane microviscosity with aging may be a factor modulating cellular responses in older animals.     

Dysfunction of Membrane-Receptor System of Blood Cells and Kidney Tissue in Experimental Diabetes Mellitus

The effect of streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus on some parameters of energy metabolism and functional status of cell membranes was studied in experiments on rats. It was found that the development of diabetes mellitus is associated with dramatic changes in the metabolism of blood cells and kidney tissue: inhibition of aerobic ATP synthesis, accumulation of lactate, uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation, and development of lactic acidosis. Diabetes mellitus leads to restructuring of membrane lipids, changes in microviscosity, and suppression of insulin receptors and membrane-bound Na⁺, K⁺-ATPase, and Ca²⁺-ATPase. Sharply increased levels of LPO products and lactic acidosis during DM indicate an imbalance in the LPO-antioxidant system and development of oxidative stress.     

糖尿病合并冠心病患者红细胞膜脂肪酸成分改变与胰岛素抵抗

我们采用高效液相色谱（PHLC）和荧光偏振技术测定了2型糖尿病合并冠心病病人红细胞膜脂肪酸成分和膜微粘度,并分析了脂肪酸成分、膜流动性和胰岛素敏感指数（ISI）与冠心病发生的关系。结果表明糖尿病人红细胞膜花生四烯酸（AA,C20：4）含量及组成明显低于对照组,而伴冠心病组AA含量又低于单纯糖尿病组,且其总脂肪酸含量明显低于对照组。两组病人膜微粘度明显高于对照,而冠心病组又明显高于单纯糖尿病组。糖尿病人红细胞膜AA含量与膜微粘度呈负相关,与ISI呈正相关,膜微粘度与ISI呈负相关。AA含量,微粘度和ISI均与冠心病的发生有关。提示糖尿病人冠心病的发生、发展与其脂肪酸代谢紊乱有关。     

Effect of δ-sleep-inducing peptide on rat erythrocyte membrane structure in cold stress

δ-Sleep-inducing peptide (1 μg/ml) added to erythrocyte suspension from intact rats enhanced quenching of membrane tryptophanyl fluorescence with pyrene and increased the microviscosity of zones of protein-lipid contacts. Microviscosity and polarity of membrane lipid phase remained unchanged. Exogenous δ-sleep-inducing peptide increased the negative surface charge of the erythrocyte membrane. During cold stress, the efficiency of tryptophane fluorescence quenching with pyrene decreased and microviscosity of protein-lipid contacts decreased, while microviscosity of lipid layer of the erythrocyte membranes did not change; polarity of deep membrane layers and negative surface charge increased. δ-Sleep-inducing peptide normalized the efficiency tryptophane fluorescence quenching with pyrene and membrane microviscosity, polarity, and surface charge. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 128, No. 9, pp. 317–320, September, 1999     

Ageing of Neurospora crassa. IX. Microviscosity properties of mitochondrial membranes during normal and abnormal growth and development of an inositol auxotroph.

Microviscosity of mitochondrial membranes of an inositol auxotroph of Neurospora was measured by the method of Shinitzky, employing the fluorescent probe diphenyl-hexatriene. With high concentration of inositol, growth, morphogenesis, and cellular and biochemical phenotypes of the auxotroph are normal; whereas with low concentrations, these characteristics become abnormal and cellular and clonal senescence ensue. During normal growth and development, the critical temperatures of phase transition, the energies and volumes of fusion (delta E, V), and the microviscosities (n) at low and high temperatures changed in a cyclical "gaussian" manner; whereas the microviscosity at 25 degrees C remained constant. The normal developmental changes of the microviscosity properties were consistent with Brody's molecular packaging hypothesis, whereby the biochemical properties of conidia are pre-determined in conidiogenic hyphae. The microviscosity properties and their developmental change were closely correlated with other biochemical and biological properties such as the critical extremities of growth temperature, activity of membrane-bound cytochrome oxidase, and the stages of cellular differentiation. The thermodynamic properties of the membrane microviscosity support the genetic hypothesis that conidia and conidiogenic hyphae are more highly differentiated than growing hyphae. During abnormal growth and development, delta E and V of the liquid-crystalline phase underwent a precocious, but otherwise normal change at an early age; whereas subsequent cellular and mitochondrial senescence was accompanied by an abnormal increase of microviscosity and abnormally small delta E and V. With the results of other experiments and by analogy to proposed structural determinants of microviscosity properties of other biological membranes, a tentative interpretation of the molecular basis of the microviscosity properties and their normal and abnormal changes is derived. The effects of phospholipase treatment indicated that electrostatic interaction of phospholipid polar groups with membrane proteins may restrict mobility, increasing microviscosity and decreasing energies of fusion. Abnormal development or ageing of the membranes, leading to abnormally large n and small delta E, is probably a consequence of excessive lipid peroxidation and related abnormal changes of their structure.