THE USE OF THE UNEMPLOYED IN THE FIELD OF SANITATION

Unemployment and under employment are topics that the average health officer pays little attention to. No one will deny the significance of unemployment when considered solely from the public health point of view. Men and women who are out of work or who are only working part time necessarily are unable to buy proper food and shelter which are so essential for their physical well being. Mr. McCrudden, in this paper, tells in an interesting manner how a number of unemployed men were given work through the Health Department of the City of Philadelphia. Not only did they benefit themselves but the work they did was a direct benefit to the entire community. This is a subject that health officials generally might well give more attention to.     

THE USE OF THE UNEMPLOYED IN THE FIELD OF SANITATION

Unemployment and under employment are topics that the average health officer pays little attention to. No one will deny the significance of unemployment when considered solely from the public health point of view. Men and women who are out of work or who are only working part time necessarily are unable to buy proper food and shelter which are so essential for their physical well being. Mr. McCrudden, in this paper, tells in an interesting manner how a number of unemployed men were given work through the Health Department of the City of Philadelphia. Not only did they benefit themselves but the work they did was a direct benefit to the entire community. This is a subject that health officials generally might well give more attention to.     

THE ROLE OF THE ADRENAL CORTEX IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF MARASMUS

Rats maintained on low-protein diets and given injections of cortisone showed a great deficit in body weight. The protein concentration in muscle was low, but it was normal in the liver. Similar changes are also characteristic of marasmus. It is suggested that a high adrenocortical activity may be necessary for the development of the marasmic state.     

多水平模型在调查员变异评价中的应用

[目的]结合实例探索评价调查员变异的方法,并探讨当存在调查员变异时,如何分析产生调查员变异的原因以及进一步的数据分析。[方法]以2008年四川地震灾区居民的生命质量及其影响因素相关研究为例,采用多水平模型评价灾区居民SF-12量表的MCS和PCS得分测量中是否存在调查员变异,并比较存在调查员变异时,考虑和不考虑调查员变异对结果的影响。[结果]SF-12量表心理方面的测量存在调查员变异,但SF-12量表生理方面的测量不存在调查员变异;将调查员变异在MCS得分中分离后,模型3中汶川与北川居民MCS得分差异无统计学意义,模型3中房屋垮塌的居民MCS得分比没有房屋垮塌的居民低,均比模型4的结果解释合理,且模型3拟合效果更好。[结论]多水平模型适用于评价调查员变异和探索产生调查员变异的原因,为今后改进调查员培训,提高调查质量提供参考。     

深圳市某区居民摄入水分来源的分析

目的分析深圳某区成年居民水分的来源情况。方法采用方便抽样的方法选取深圳市某区18~60岁居民共16名,饮水来源调查由调查对象利用定量用具对连续3d每天每次的饮水量进行估计,并记录每次饮水量和种类,饮水总量为白水、茶水、饮料和酒的饮用量之和;食物水来源调查采用双份饭法进行样品收集,用国标方法(GB/T 5009.3-2003)测定食品中的水分。结果调查对象水分摄入总量中位数为2 676ml/d,其中饮水总量中位数为1 567ml/d(占68.6%),食物来源水量中位数为816ml/d(占31.4%)。调查对象白水、茶水、饮料的饮用量中位数分别为908ml/d、80ml/d、161ml/d,男性茶水及饮料饮用量有高于女性的趋势,而白水饮用量有低于女性的趋势,但差异无统计学意义。食物水为主食、菜类、零食和清汤来源之和,其中位数分别为340ml/d(占食物水的44.5%)、320ml/d(占39.0%)、0(占3.4%)和78ml/d(占13.2%)。男性从主食和汤中摄入的水分比例有高于女性的趋势,而从菜和零食中摄入的水分比例有低于女性的趋势,但差异无统计学意义。结论深圳某区成年居民水分摄入以饮水为主约占2/3;食物水约占1/3,食物来源水以主食和菜为主。     

洪灾救援中武警官兵疾病发生情况研究

目的：了解部队在各种“洪灾救援”行动中伤病发生的特点和规律，以便在行动前及时做好卫勤保障准备，使部队防病治病措施迅速到位。方法：采用国际疾病分类方法（ICD-10）对发生疾病进行分类，计算疾病发病数及构成比。结果：历年历次洪灾救援任务中，各系统疾病均有不同程度的发生，总发病数为46405人，其中皮肤病占总发病数的37．36％；呼吸系统疾病占28．24％；消化系统疾病占13．45％；传染病与寄生虫病占2．95％。因洪灾时发夏秋时季，南北地区洪灾救援前线官兵疾病发生情况差异无统计学意义。参战开始的第1、2周呼吸系统疾病多见，第2周开始皮肤病和皮下组织疾病，消化系统疾病和传染病寄生虫疾病也逐步上升。结论：应根据不同时间段疾病发病特点及规律，及早采取有针对性的预防对策，使卫勤保障工作有效得力，减少疾病减员确保部队的战斗力。     

THE LABORATORY IN THE SERVICE OF THE STATE

Professor Winslow has collected in this paper some very interesting comparative statistics with regard to state health laboratories. The progress of public health laboratories in the United States has indeed been remarkable in the last few years. While we may congratulate ourselves on our advance, it is obvious that in many instances much may yet be done to make laboratory of greater value to the citizens of the state.     

THE PLACE OF NUISANCES IN THE LAW

Mr. Feezer, a member of the bar, has been practicing health rather than law and through his association with the Massachusetts and New York State Departments of Health, is well qualified to interpret this difficult phase of the health problem. In this article he places nuisances in their proper position and explains the most effective methods with which to accomplish their abatement.     

多层螺旋CT对肝吸虫病的诊断价值

目的探讨肝吸虫病的多层螺旋CT表现和诊断价值。方法回顾性分析l69例肝吸虫病的多层螺旋CT表现。结果肝内末梢胆管扩张159例(94.1%);末梢型扩张的112例增强CT,平扫显示不清而增强门静脉期显示清晰的69例(61.6%);肝内胆管轻度扩张123例(72.8%),均为薄层重建后明确;末梢胆管小结石或钙化63例(37.3%)。结论多层螺旋CT增强+MPR后处理技术能显著提高末梢胆管扩张检出率;肝吸虫疫区,发现肝末梢胆管扩张,应首先考虑肝吸虫病;当合并末梢胆管小结石或钙化,可进一步作出判断。     

汽油抗爆剂甲基环戊二烯三羰基锰对广州大气污染的评价

[目的]通过对广州大气中锰的测定,了解广州受汽油抗爆剂甲基环戊二烯三羰基锰(MMT)的污染程度并对其进行评价。[方法]用吸收液法采集市区主要交通要道50个采样点的空气样本,以火焰原子化法进行锰的定量测定。应用Wilcoxon符号秩和检验的统计方法,评价该地区受汽油抗爆剂的污染程度。[结果]应用Wilcoxon符号秩和检验,统计检验结果显示所测数据总体中位数大于已知标准:即我国居住区大气中锰及其化合物(MnO2)的日平均最高容许浓度10μg/m3(转换成锰为6.3μg/m3)。按a=0.05水平,测定P﹤0.05,可认为广州市大气中锰含量高于居住区大气中锰的日平均最高容许浓度。[结论]本文利用火焰原子吸收分光光度法,操作方便,耗时少,灵敏度高。由统计分析结果表明,MMT的使用,使广州大气中锰的含量已高出我国居住区日平均最高容许浓度。因此应改进并合理地使用抗爆剂,严格控制锰的化合物在空气中的排放,同时定期对空气中锰的监测具有重要意义。