我国极低出生体质量早产儿并发支气管肺发育不良危险因素的Meta分析

目的 运用循证医学探讨我国极低出生体质量早产儿并发支气管肺发育不良的危险因素。方法 系统检索PubMed、Embase、万方数据库、中国期刊全文数据、中国知网（CNKI）、中文科技期刊全文数据、Cochrane临床对照试验资料库、中国生物医学文献数据库（CBM）,检索时间均从建库至2016年5月。按纳入排除标准进行随机对照试验的筛选、资料提取和文献质量评价,应用Stata 11.0软件进行meta分析。结果 共纳入15篇对照试验研究,mate分析结果显示,胎膜早破（OR=1.90,95% CI：1.16~3.11）,肺透明膜病（OR=6.46,95% CI：4.47~9.35）,吸氧时间（RR=3.01,95% CI：1.34~4.69）,肺部感染（OR=15.76,95% CI：7.51~33.07）,生后窒息（OR=2.23,95% CI：1.09~4.57）,产前感染（OR=3.41,95% CI：2.40~4.84）,动脉导管未闭（OR=3.39,95% CI：2.04~5.64）,胎龄（RR=-2.34,95% CI：-3.42~-1.27）,出生体质量（RR=-2.08,95% CI：-2.91~-1.21）是极低出生体质量早产儿并发支气管肺发育不良的危险因素;产后使用肺表面活性物质（OR=4.09,95% CI：1.65~10.12）是其保护因素。结论 应积极对极低出生体质量早产儿并发支气管肺发育不良危险因素采取预防措施,从而降低支气管肺发育不良的发生率,提高生存率及改善远期生活质量。     

ERCP治疗老年胆总管结石的效果及其术后并发症的危险因素分析

目的 探讨经内镜逆行胰胆管造影术（ERCP）治疗老年胆总管结石患者的临床效果及其术后并发症的危险因素。方法 回顾性分析2012年7月至2017年6月在海军安庆医院行ERCP治疗的226例老年胆总管结石患者的临床资料,观察手术一次性取石成功率、手术时间、住院时间、并发症发生率等,采用单因素χ²检验及多因素logistic回归分析术后并发症的高危因素。结果 226例老年胆总管结石患者经ERCP治疗后,一次性取石成功215例（95.13%）,术后发生并发症30例（13.27%）,其中15例术后并发胰腺炎、13例并发胆道感染、1例出现消化道出血、1例并发急性心肌梗塞。经多因素logistic回归分析显示,Oddi括约肌功能障碍（SOD）病史（OR=1.432,95% CI：1.104~4.832）、体质指数≥30 kg/m²（OR=1.349,95% CI：1.108~3.687）、多次插管（OR=1.115,95% CI：1.023~3.698）及胰管反复显影（OR=1.205,95% CI：1.046~2.684）为ERCP术后并发胰腺炎的主要危险因素;胆管结石病史（OR=1.253,95% CI：1.118~3.742）、胆管手术治疗史（OR=1.456,95% CI：1.246~2.766）及胆管中上段梗阻（OR=1.595,95% CI：1.082~4.884）为ERCP术后并发胆道感染的主要危险因素。结论 ERCP治疗老年胆总管结石效果显著,术后并发症主要为胰腺炎及胆道感染,其危险因素包括SOD病史、体质指数≥30 kg/m²、胆管结石病史、胆管手术治疗史、多次插管、胰管反复显影及胆管中上段梗阻。     

新型布尼亚病毒感染的临床流行病学特点及死亡危险因素分析

目的 探讨新型布尼亚病毒感染所致严重发热伴血小板减少综合征（SFTS）患者的临床流行病学特点和死亡相关危险因素。方法 回顾性分析2015年1月至2018年12月期间中国科学技术大学附属第一医院收治确诊SFTS住院患者98例。采用描述流行病学方法对SFTS流行特征、临床特点进行分析,并分析死亡相关危险因素。结果 98例患者均为散发病例,1例患者因密切接触其他感染者后发病,患者病死率为11.22%（11/98）。农民或无业为发病主要职业人群,79.59%（78/98）患者发病前14 d内有野外作业史,发病均在每年的4~11月份,高峰在5~6月份。单因素logistic回归结果提示：心肌损伤（OR=13.905,95% CI：3.278~58.975）、肝功能损害（OR=9.524,95% CI：2.311~39.248）、肾功能受损（OR=3.698,95% CI：1.003~13.635）、APTT延长10 s（OR=5.926,95% CI：1.458~24.091）、脓毒血症（OR=6.417,95% CI：1.651~24.936）患者死亡风险更高,进一步行多因素logistic回归分析发现,心肌损伤（OR=8.730,95% CI：1.659~45.929）、肝功能损害（OR=6.360,95% CI：1.034~39.106）是SFTS患者死亡的危险因素。结论 SFTS呈季节性发病,临床中应尽早对SFTS患者各脏器功能进行综合性评估,血清CKMB及ALT明显升高者预后较差,应引起高度重视。     

甲状腺乳头状癌中央区淋巴结转移的影响因素分析

目的 探讨甲状腺乳头状癌中央区淋巴结转移（CLNM）的临床特点及影响因素。方法 收集2017年2月至2018年6月在阜阳市人民医院首次细胞学诊断的甲状腺乳头状癌患者147例,术后病理均为甲状腺乳头状癌,按是否伴有CLNM,分为淋巴结转移组（CLNM组,45例）与淋巴结未转移组（nCLNM组,102例）。收集两组患者的一般资料、甲状腺功能实验室结果及甲状腺结节超声结果等,并进行比较分析。结果 两组患者性别、年龄、促甲状腺激素（TSH）、甲状腺过氧化物酶抗体（TPOAb）、甲状腺球蛋白抗体（TGAb）,甲状腺结节的边缘、微钙化、纵横比、最大径进行比较,差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）;血清游离三碘甲状腺原氨酸（FT3）、血清游离四碘甲状腺原氨酸（FT4）,甲状腺结节的质地、回声、孤立灶及TIRADS分类差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。logistic回归分析显示,年龄（OR=1.054,95% CI：1.006~1.103）、性别（OR=6.499,95% CI：1.902~22.200）、TSH（OR=1.904,95% CI：1.395~2.598）、TGAb（OR=3.022,95% CI：1.005~9.084）、边缘（OR=11.483,95% CI：3.196~41.255）、纵横径比（OR=4.409,95% CI：1.508~12.890）及最大径（OR=1.894,95% CI：1.250~2.869）是甲状腺乳头状癌CLNM的影响因素（P<0.05）。结论 年龄、性别、TSH、TGAb、甲状腺结节边缘、纵横比及最大径可能是甲状腺乳头状癌CLNM的影响因素。     

447例银行退休职工眼部黄斑病变筛查及其影响因素分析

目的 了解某银行退休职工眼部黄斑病变情况,并分析黄斑病变发生的危险因素。方法 以2017年3月在中国科学技术大学附属第一医院（安徽省立医院）进行健康体检的某银行退休职工447人为研究对象,进行光相干断层成像（OCT）筛查眼部黄斑病变,以及常规临床和血液生化检查,并自编问卷调查其人口学资料、生活方式、行为习惯以及疾病用药史。通过单因素与多因素分析,探讨黄斑病变的可能影响因素。结果 447名调查对象中,OCT眼部黄斑病变阳性检出50人,检出率为11.2%,OCT眼部黄斑病变阳性患者中男女性别差异无统计学意义（χ²=1.100,P=0.294）。OCT眼部黄斑病变阳性检出与年龄增大（P<0.05）、视力异常（OR=8.311,95% CI：1.022~67.602）、黄斑疾病家族史（OR=2.356,95% CI：1.081~5.135）、内眼手术史（OR=2.809,95% CI：1.102~7.162）、安定类药物史（OR=15.061,95% CI：2.940~77.147）和激素类药物史（OR=3.531,95% CI：1.098~11.536）均相关（P< 0.05）。结论 银行退休职工眼部黄斑病变患病率较高。高龄,视力异常,眼部黄斑病变家族史,安定类药物服用史是黄斑病变的危险因素。     

Chiari I畸形2种手术方式疗效比较的Meta分析

目的 系统评价单纯后颅窝减压术和后颅窝减压术加硬脑膜成形术在治疗Chiari I畸形并脊髓空洞的临床疗效。方法 检索PubMed、OVID、万方数据库、中国知网、维普中文数据库,从建库到2015年12月收录的有关Chiari I畸形治疗的随机对照研究文献,采用RevMan5.2软件进行meta分析。结果 后颅窝减压术加硬脑膜成形术手术组在脊髓空洞缩小率（OR=0.22,95% CI：0.12~0.42,P<0.001）及症状改善率（OR=0.11,95% CI：0.05~0.23,P<0.001）方面优于单纯后颅窝减压术手术组,差异具有统计学意义;术后早期并发症发生率（OR=0.62,95% CI：0.17~2.29,P>0.05）,差异无统计学意义。结论 在治疗Chiari I畸形并脊髓空洞的手术方式中,后颅窝减压术加硬脑膜成形术的脊髓空洞缩小率及临床症状改善率优于单纯后颅窝减压术。     

胫骨骨干非扩髓交锁髓内钉术后延迟愈合的危险因素分析

目的 探讨胫骨骨干非扩髓交锁髓内钉术后延迟愈合的危险因素,为临床更好的控制术后延迟愈合的发生提供依据。方法 回顾性分析2013年1月至2015年12月在郑州市骨科医院行非扩髓型带锁髓内钉术658例骨科患者的临床资料,按术后延迟愈合的发生情况将其分为延迟愈合组和愈合组,采取问卷调查的方式对延迟愈合的危险因素进行调查,对单因素分析有统计学意义的危险因素再进行多因素非条件logistic回归分析。结果 术后延迟愈合患者98例,术后愈合患者560例,多因素非条件logistic回归分析显示,高血压糖尿病人群（OR=1.648,95% CI=1.013~2.645）、患者术后过早活动（OR=2.628,95% CI=1.123~2.457）、带锁髓内钉长度过短,或者远端锁钉锁定失败（OR=2.121,95% CI=1.126~2.311）、术后早期功能锻炼（OR=2.218,95% CI=1.091~2.349）、术前骨折是否进行牵引及复位（OR=1.199,95% CI=1.237~1.781）是影响患者术后不愈合发生的主要危险因素。结论 高血压糖尿病人群、患者术后过早活动、带锁髓内钉长度过短,或者远端锁钉锁定失败、术后早期功能锻炼、术前骨折是否进行牵引及复位是患者发生术后延迟愈合的主要危险因素。     

金寨县农村妇女自然流产的影响因素分析

目的 了解金寨县农村自然流产的现状、分析其影响因素,为预防自然流产,促进优生优育提供循证依据。方法 选取2014年4月至2016年12月在金寨县妇幼计生中心进行国家免费孕前优生健康检查的农村育龄夫妇1 679份电子档案,结合跟踪妊娠结局的资料,摘录其基本人口学特征、生活习惯、疾病史等信息,采用单因素和多因素logistic回归模型分析育龄夫妇相关因素与自然流产的关系。结果 金寨县农村地区自然流产发生率为14.35%。多因素logistic回归模型分析结果显示：孕次为1次、≥ 2次的孕妇发生自然流产的风险分别是初次妊娠者的5.09、16.41倍（OR=5.09,95% CI：3.54~7.33,P<0.01;OR=16.41,95% CI：10.75~25.05,P<0.01）;孕前患有高血压的孕妇发生自然流产的风险是没有高血压患病史孕妇的5.22倍（OR=5.22,95% CI：1.52~17.90,P=0.012）;怀孕前后规律服用叶酸的孕妇发生自然流产的风险是怀孕前后未服用叶酸者的0.11倍（OR=0.11,95% CI：0.09~0.24,P=0.043）;丈夫年龄>35岁发生自然流产的风险是丈夫年龄30~35岁者的3.10倍（OR=3.10,95% CI：1.18~8.17,P=0.024）。结论 金寨县农村地区自然流产发生率较高,妻子多孕次、孕前患有高血压、丈夫年龄>35岁是自然流产的危险因素,围孕期规律服用叶酸是自然流产的保护因素。     

大环内酯类药物治疗慢性鼻窦炎的Meta-分析

目的 系统评价大环内酯类药物治疗慢性鼻窦炎的疗效及安全性。方法 计算机检索自建库至2018年3月25日Pubmed、Embase、Cochrane Library、中国学术期刊全文数据库（CNKI）、中国生物医学文献数据库（CBM）和万方数据库等中英文数据库，筛选符合纳入标准的随机对照试验（RCT）。提取资料，并采用RevMan 5.0和Stata 12.0软件进行Meta-分析。结果 共纳入25项RCT，包括2 106例患者。结果显示，两组患者有效率[OR=5.33，95% CI（4.03，7.04），P=0.000]、显效率[OR=2.65，95% CI（2.20，3.20），P=0.000]等指标比较具有统计学意义。两组患者Lund-Kennedy评分[SMD=-2.18，95% CI（-5.61，1.26），P=0.214]、不良反应发生率[OR=0.81，95% CI（0.40，1.65），P=0.569]等比较无统计学意义。结论 大环内酯类药物治疗慢性鼻窦炎具有较好的疗效，能够显著提高慢性鼻窦炎患者生活质量，提高纤毛清除功能，降低炎性细胞因子水平，减少复发，且具有较好的安全性。     

中青年慢性病住院患者自杀意念的危险因素分析

目的 探讨中青年慢性病住院患者自杀意念的危险因素。方法 采用横断面研究设计和方便抽样法选取2019年8月1~31日安徽医科大学第一附属医院收治的住院号末尾数为偶数的中青年慢性病住院患者270例为研究对象。通过问题"最近一周内，你是否曾有过自杀的念头"来测定患者自杀意念发生情况，回答"是"则判定为有自杀意念，反之则无。根据有无自杀意念，将患者分成有自杀信念组（23例）和无自杀信念组（247例）。通过logistic回归分析导致患者有自杀意念的危险因素。结果 logistic回归分析结果显示，婚姻状况（OR=0.182，95% CI：0.065~0.504，P=0.001）、主观支持（OR=0.703，95% CI：0.588~0.841，P=0.000）和家庭功能（OR=0.793，95% CI：0.658~0.956，P=0.015）是中青年慢性病住院患者自杀意念的危险因素。结论 单身、获得社会支持少和家庭功能欠佳是中青年慢性病住院患者产生自杀意念的危险因素，临床对此类患者在治疗过程中应予密切关注并及时干预。     

The effect of smoking on CT score,bacterial colonization and distribution of inflammatory cells in the upper airways of patients with chronic rhinosinusitis

Abstract

Objective: The study was designed to determine whether smoking affects CT score, bacterial colonization of the upper airways and distribution of inflammatory cells in nasal mucosa in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis.

Material and methods: Sixty-four patients were enrolled in the prospective study. We characterized differences in CT score, rate of revision surgery, differences in bacterial colonization in the middle nasal meatus and distribution of inflammatory cells in nasal tissue in smoking and non-smoking patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP), chronic rhinosinusitis without nasal polyps (CRSsNP) and control group.

Results: Direct tobacco use was associated with significantly more severe form of the disease according to the preoperative CT investigation of paranasal sinuses using Lund–Mackay scoring system in both CRSwNP (p?=?0.035) and CRSsNP (p?=?0.023) groups. More intense colonization of upper-respiratory tract by the pathogenic bacteria in smokers compared to non-smokers was found. Non-pathogenic bacterial flora was more often present in non-smokers compared to smokers. Plasma cells and lymphocytes were the most numerous cells in nasal tissue in all three groups. In smokers with presence of pathogenic bacteria in middle nasal meatus there was stronger neutrophil (p?=?0.002) and macrophage infiltration (p?=?0.044) in CRSsNP group.

Conclusion: Tobacco smoke exposure is related to higher Lund–Mackay score, increased colonization by pathogenic bacteria and lower incidence of commensals in middle nasal meatus, but does not influence cell distribution in nasal mucosa in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis.     

Olopatadine nasal spray for the treatment of seasonal allergic rhinitis in patients aged 6 years and older

Importance of the field: Allergic rhinitis is an IgE-mediated condition that produces inflammation of the mucosa of the nose, paranasal sinuses and, frequently, of the ocular conjunctiva. Allergic rhinitis causes a significant disease burden in terms of quality of life, lost productivity and medical treatment costs. One of the newest treatments approved by the FDA is Patanase^® (olopatadine hydrochloride) Nasal Spray, 665 μg/spray (OLO). Olopatadine is an antihistamine with selective H₁-receptor antagonist activity.

Areas covered in this review: This review details the basic and clinical research on the olopatadine molecule and OLO nasal spray from 1996 to the present day.

What the reader will gain: The reader will gain a better understanding of the pharmacology of OLO nasal spray, the clinical trial data that have established the efficacy of OLO nasal spray and the overall role of OLO nasal spray in the management of allergic rhinitis.

Take home message: Olopatadine nasal spray is one of the newest treatments approved by the FDA for the management of allergic rhinitis. OLO has a rapid onset of action, efficacy comparable to intranasal steroid sprays and is approved for seasonal allergic rhinitis in patients aged ≥ 6 years.     

Chronic rhinosinusitis: pathogenesis,therapy options,and more

ABSTRACT

Introduction: When rhinosinusitis – the inflammation of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses – persists for over 12 weeks, it is termed ‘chronic rhinosinusitis’ (CRS). Both innate and adaptive immunity contribute to the heterogeneous inflammatory pathogenesis of CRS, which is driven by genetic and environmental factors and the microbiome. CRS is classified by the presence of polyps. Molecular mechanisms in CRS with nasal polyps are similar to those in atopic diseases.

Areas covered: This review focuses on the immune pathogenesis of CRS, differences between the two CRS subtypes, and latest treatments that may aid in the provision of personalized medicine.

Expert opinion: Basic research in the last decade has helped significantly in enhancing our knowledge of the pathophysiologic processes of CRS, due to which there is now a better understanding of the associated natural history, physiopathology, novel treatments, and prevention strategies. Treatment success depends on the clarification of the underlying pathogenesis and disease-contributing factors. The exploration of disease endotypes and introduction of novel agents are important advancements. Prior studies performed without disease-endotyping resulted in the inefficiency of certain drugs and insignificant results. The identification of biomarkers, development of personalized approaches, and utilization of disease algorithms are required for CRS therapy success.     

Therapeutic options for reducing sleep impairment in allergic rhinitis,rhinosinusitis, and nasal polyposis

ABSTRACT

Background: Patients with inflammatory disorders of the upper airways, such as allergic rhinitis, rhinosinusitis, and nasal polyposis, often have significant sleep disturbances. Poor sleep can lead to fatigue, daytime somnolence, impaired daytime functioning as reflected in lower levels of productivity at work or school, and a reduced quality of life. Although the exact mechanisms by which these inflammatory nasal conditions disturb sleep is not fully understood, congestion appears to be a key factor and is generally the most common and bothersome symptom for patients with these conditions. Successful therapy should improve patients’ sleep and well-being without introducing any negative effects on sleep.

Scope of literature search: Literature searches of Medline, Embase, and abstracts from medical/scientific conferences were conducted for the period of 1995 through mid-2006 for primary and review articles and conference presentations about sleep disturbance related to allergic rhinitis, rhinosinusitis, and nasal polyposis. These searches also sought to identify articles examining how treatments for those diseases improved sleep and, consequently, patients’ quality of life. Surveys of the impact of congestion on patients’ quality of life and their sleep also were consulted. Clinical studies were selected for discussion if they were randomized, double-blind, and placebo-controlled. Limitations of this review include the absence of any direct comparisons of the effectiveness of different drugs on improving sleep and shortcomings in the statistical methods of the patient surveys.

Findings: Intranasal corticosteroids (INSs) are the most effective medication for reducing congestion in patients with inflammatory nasal conditions. There is a growing amount of evidence that a reduction in congestion with INSs is associated with improved sleep, reduced daytime sleepiness, and enhanced patient quality of life.

Conclusion: Relief of sleep impairment associated with inflammatory disorders of the nose and sinuses can be addressed with INS therapy.     

糖尿病患者外周动脉病变与踝肱指数的相关性及危险因素分析

目的 分析踝肱指数（ABI）与2型糖尿病患者发生外周动脉病变（PAD）的相关性,对外周动脉病变发生的危险因素进行分析,探讨ABI作为评价外周动脉病变简易指标的可靠性。方法 对2015年1月至2015年4月合肥市第三人民医院内分泌科收治的200例2型糖尿病患者进行ABI测定,以0.9≤ABI < 1.3为正常组,ABI<0.9为低ABI组,对两组患者糖尿病病程、年龄、血压、血糖、血脂、血肌酐、尿白蛋白/肌酐等指标进行比较,分析ABI值与上述指标的相关性。结果 低ABI组年龄、病程、餐后2 h血糖、糖化血红蛋白、三酰甘油、收缩压、尿白蛋白/肌酐、高敏C反应蛋白均高于正常ABI组（P<0.05）。年龄（OR=1.21,95% CI：1.08~1.13）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（OR=1.43,95% CI：1.27~1.53）、尿白蛋白/肌酐（OR=1.29,95% CI：1.01~2.33）是ABI降低的危险因素。结论 ABI降低与多种导致动脉粥样硬化的因素有关,ABI测定可作为预测糖尿病PAD的简易可靠指标。     

Mometasone furoate sinus implant – a new targeted approach to treating recurrent nasal polyp disease

ABSTRACT

Introduction: Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a broad heterogeneous inflammatory disorder of the nose and paranasal sinuses, resulting from the dysfunctional interplay between host immunity, defective epithelial barrier, and environmental factors. CRS with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) is considered a more severe clinical phenotype with greater burden of symptoms and higher relapse rate, especially with comorbid asthma or aspirin sensitivity. Available treatment options after endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) – systemic corticosteroids or revision surgery – have significant risks and limitations.

Areas covered: Bioabsorbable, steroid-eluting implants have been studied extensively for the ability to dilate and re-establish sinus patency by the localized, controlled delivery of topical corticosteroids to diseased sinonasal lining and nasal polyps. This review provides a comprehensive, up to date analysis of the literature regarding a novel, office-based, mometasone furoate (MF) sinus implant that may treat patients with recurrent CRSwNP after ESS.

Expert commentary: Clinical evidence has demonstrated the safety and efficacy of steroid-eluting implant in the reduction of polyp size, symptom burden, and the need for revision sinus surgery. MF sinus implants may play an important role in the management of patients with recurrent polyposis after sinus surgery.     

他汀类药物能否减少谵妄发生的Meta分析

目的 评估他汀类药物的多效性能否减少谵妄的发生。方法 检索2000年1月至2016年6月PubMed、万方数据库、Cochrane library、EMBase、维普中文数据库、中国期刊全文数据库收录的关于他汀类药物使用能否减少谵妄发生的随机对照试验文献,以“谵妄,ICU谵妄,他汀,辛伐他汀,阿托伐他汀,西立伐他汀,氟伐他汀,洛伐他汀,美伐他汀,普伐他汀,罗素伐他汀,HMG-CoA还原酶阻滞剂”等为检索词检索,使用Jadad量表对纳入的文献进行严格的质量评价,主要评估指标为使用他汀类药物是否有效,次要评估指标包括住院时间,机械通气的例数,最后用RevMan5.2统计软件进行系统分析。结果 共纳入7项研究,290 274例患者。其中,显示服用他汀类药物不能减少谵妄的发生率（OR：1.01;95% CI：0.81~1.26）,也不能缩短住院时间（WMD：1.93;95% CI：-5.62~9.47）。但是,他汀类药物能够减少危重患者机械通气的发生率（OR：0.65;95% CI：0.47~0.90）。结论 使用他汀类不能减少谵妄的发生。