中晚期乳腺浸润性导管癌癌线粒体及溶酶体的体视学分析

目的：探讨浸润性导管癌中期、晚期乳腺癌癌细胞形态参数的变化。方法：用体视学方法对癌细胞线粒体、溶酶体的16个形态参数进行测试分析。结果：研究发现癌细胞与正常细胞比较，线粒体和溶酶体的比表面、数密度均减小。结论：中晚期癌细胞线粒体、溶酶体的形态结构均发生了显著的变化，线粒体、溶酶体功能急剧下降，这为定量研究各期乳腺浸润性导管癌癌细胞超微结构打下基础。     

人体乳腺单纯癌癌细胞线粒体及溶酶体形态结构的定量研究

对三例晚期女性乳腺单纯癌癌细胞线粒体、溶酶体１６个形态参数进行体现学统计分析，结果发现癌细胞与正常细胞比较，线粒体、溶酶体的有关体积、表面积、膜面积、面数密度、数密度等１０个形态参数有高度显著和显著差异。并讨论了它们的功能和形态结构变异的定量依据。     

中期和晚期乳腺单纯癌癌细胞器形态参数的逐步判别分析

用体视学方法测出20例中期和20例晚期乳腺单纯癌癌细胞及正常细胞线粒体，溶酶体的16个形态参数，再用逐步判别分析法剔选指标，建立判别函数。结果筛选出细胞器的形态参数为：线粒体的外膜面密度，内膜面密度，嵴膜比表面，面数密度以及溶酶体的单膜面密度，结果表明线粒体的外膜面密度等5个形态参数也许能作为区别不同期乳腺单纯癌的最佳指标。     

人体乳腺癌细胞超微结构的体视学分析及秩和检验

用体视学方法分别对20例中期和20例晚期女性乳腺浸润性硬性单纯癌的四种癌细胞器的23个形态参数进行体视学的统测和秩和计量分析,筛选出区别度最高的3个最佳参数.研究发现最突出的是统计推断出线粒体的3个最佳参数的癌早期参数值,并绘出了分布曲线.最后探讨了线粒体在不同期形态结构的变异程度与患者预后的关系.     

显微分光光度计测定法对大鼠诱发性乳腺癌及其癌前病变的细胞发生研究

本实验用显微分光光度计测定DMBA诱发大鼠乳腺癌过程中的正常、增生终末蕾腺上皮和肌上皮细胞,以及癌细胞核面积与相对DNA方量。正常腺上皮细胞多为2cDNA含量,增生腺上皮和癌细胞核面积和相对DNA含量增加,与正常腺上皮之间均有极显著差异(P<0.01),直含图为分散的非整倍体模式。正常与增生肌上皮细胞的胞核面积与DNA方量无显著性差别(P>0.05),直方图为2c分布。上述实验结果提示:终末蕾细胞增生具有发展成乳腺癌的趋势,很可能为大鼠乳腺癌前病变,肌上皮细胞不参与孔腺癌的形成。     

巨噬细胞对A549肺泡细胞癌细胞作用的定量酶细胞化学研究

为研究巨噬细胞（ＭΦ）抑制、杀伤肿瘤细胞的机理，我们应用酶细胞化学及形态定量技术观察比较正常及活化ＭΦ分别与Ａ５４９肺泡细胞癌细胞作用后，癌细胞内细胞色素氧化酶（ＣＯ），琥珀酸脱氢酶（ＳＤ），乳酸脱氢酶（ＬＤＨ）及酸性磷酸酶（ＡＣＰ）活性的变化。结果见活化ＭΦ（Ｅ）与癌细胞（Ｔ）比值为１０：１时，癌细胞线粒体的ＣＯ，ＳＤ，及ＬＤＨ活性降低，Ｅ／Ｔ＝２０：１时溶酶体的ＡＣＰ活性增加。提示Ｅ／Ｔ适当时，活化ＭΦ可引起癌细胞线粒体及溶酶体的损伤，影响其酶活性引起细胞呼吸和氧化磷酸化等代谢改变，可能是活化ＭΦ抑制、杀伤癌细胞的机理之一。     

乳腺浸润性导管癌中MT1-MMP的表达及临床意义

目的 探讨MT1-MMP的表达与乳腺浸润性导管癌临床病理特征的关系.方法 采用免疫组化EnVision法检测43例乳腺癌组织及正常癌旁组织中MT1-MMP的表达,并分析MT1-MMP的表达与临床病理参数之间的关系.结果 MT1-MMP在正常乳腺组织中不表达,在乳腺导管癌细胞、癌旁间质中均有表达,乳腺癌细胞质、细胞膜表达MT1-MMP.结论 MT1-MMP的表达与乳腺癌肿块直径、淋巴结转移、临床分期呈正相关,与ER、PR无相关性,可作为判断乳腺癌侵袭转移能力的一个指标.     

乳腺癌癌细胞线粒体及溶酶体形态参数的多重回归分析

本文对10例晚期乳腺单纯癌细胞线粒体、溶酶体10个形态参数进行了体视学定量研究，并用多重线性回归建立数学表达式y＝1.166－0.001X_1＋0．199X_2－0．036X_3－0．0714X_4－0．0012X_5－0．074X_6－0.775X_7＋0.022X_8＋0.01X_9＋0.427X_10，为乳腺单纯癌的诊断和判定预后提供一种定量方法。     

补阳还五汤对小白鼠额叶皮质神经细胞超微结构的影响

本文用细胞形态立体计量学方法对服用补阳还五汤中药的昆明种雌性小白鼠额叶皮质神经细胞的十一种形态参数进行统计分析，其结果发现，补阳组和对照组比较，在性成熟期溶酶体体密度Ｖｖ２、线粒体外膜比表面δ１及外膜面密度Ｓｖ１均有高度显著性差异；溶酶体的面数密度Ｎａ有显著性差异。文章还讨论了这些差异的医学意义。     

形态定量分析及DNA含量测定在乳腺增生性疾病与乳腺癌鉴别的应用

目的　探讨形态定量分析及DNA含量测定在乳腺增生性病变与乳腺癌的鉴别诊断中的实用价值。方法　应用HE和Feulgen染色法对乳腺腺病 4 0例、乳腺癌 5 0例进行染色后 ,采用MPILAS 5 0 0多媒体病理彩色图文分析系统选择胞核面积 ,胞核周长 ,胞核直径 ,胞核体积 (包括胞核S 体积和胞核L 体积 ) ,形状因子 ,胞核圆形度 ,胞核圆球度、C 异形指数共 9项参数和DNA指数 (DI值 )进行测量 ,所获数据采用U检验进行分析。结果　乳腺增生与乳腺癌两组间细胞形态定量测定的 9项参数差异显著 (C 异形指数P <0 0 5 ,其余 8项参数均为 P <0 0 1 )。结论　细胞形态定量测定和DNA含量测定在乳腺增生性病变与乳腺癌的鉴别诊断中具有实际应用价值     

Findings Of Myoepithelial Cells In Human Breast Cancer Ultrastructural And Immunohistochemical Study By Means Of Anti-Myosin Antibody

Detailed light and electron microscopic, and immunohistochemical observations were made on the distribution and morphological characteristics of myoepithelial cells in the 53 cases of breast cancer. In non-invasive carcinoma, myoepithelial cells in the normal duct were found to be remaining at the outer margin of the cancer nests, but neoplastic myoepithelial cells were not detected in the carcinoma tissue. In invasive carcinoma, a small number of fluorescence-weakly-positive cells could be observed in more than 50% of medullary-tubular carcinoma, in all cases of papillary-tubular carcinoma, and two of three cases of invasive lobular carcinoma. Almost all of these cells were ultrastructurally intermediate cells which have the morphological characteristics of both epithelial cell and myoepithelial cell. Fluorescence-positive cells were observed in all cases of scirrhous carcinoma. Moreover, these cells showed a stronger fluorescence than that of other types of carcinoma and were ultrastructurally more similar to normal myoepithelial cell. The tumor cells having myoepithelial characteristics in invasive carcinoma showed a stronger tendency for arranging at the margin of carcinoma nests in contact with the stroma. The results of the present study indicate that in invasive carcinoma of the breast, neoplastic myoepithelial cells could be demonstrated together with ductal epithelial cells and as to its histogenesis, there is a possibility that breast cancer develops from common stem cells which have the ability of differentiating into both epthelial and myoepithelial cell because of the presence of intermediate cells. ACTA PATHOL. JPN. 34: 537–552, 1984.     

乳腺癌间质新生血管周细胞的形态学特点及其意义

研究乳腺癌间质新生血管周细胞形态学特点、特异性标记及其与内皮的关系,并定量分析周细胞与血管密度的关系。方法应用超微结构、免疫组织化学ＬＳＡＢ法及形态定量,对８９例乳腺癌及４例新鲜内 组织新生血管的周细胞进行系统形态学观察。结果内皮细胞第八因子相关抗原表达阳必 质内含有特征的Ⅷ因子小体（Ｗｅｉｂｅｌ－ｐａｌａｄｅ ｂｏｄｙ）。周细胞α－平滑肌肌动蛋白的表达阳性,胞质内含有丰富的肌丝,与内皮细胞间可见     

Findings of myoepithelial cells in human breast cancer. Ultrastructural and immunohistochemical study by means of anti-myosin antibody

Detailed light and electron microscopic, and immunohistochemical observations were made on the distribution and morphological characteristics of myoepithelial cells in the 53 cases of breast cancer. In non-invasive carcinoma, myoepithelial cells in the normal duct were found to be remaining at the outer margin of the cancer nests, but neoplastic myoepithelial cells were not detected in the carcinoma tissue. In invasive carcinoma, a small number of fluorescence-weakly-positive cells could be observed in more than 50% of medullary-tubular carcinoma, in all cases of papillary-tubular carcinoma, and two of three cases of invasive lobular carcinoma. Almost all of these cells were ultrastructurally intermediate cells which have the morphological characteristics of both epithelial cell and myoepithelial cell. Fluorescence-positive cells were observed in all cases of scirrhous carcinoma. Moreover, these cells showed a stronger fluorescence than that of other types of carcinoma and were ultrastructurally more similar to normal myoepithelial cell. The tumor cells having myoepithelial characteristics in invasive carcinoma showed a stronger tendency for arranging at the margin of carcinoma nests in contact with the stroma. The results of the present study indicate that in invasive carcinoma of the breast, neoplastic myoepithelial cells could be demonstrated together with ductal epithelial cells and as to its histogenesis, there is a possibility that breast cancer develops from common stem cells which have the ability of differentiating into both epithelial and myoepithelial cell because of the presence of intermediate cells.     

乳腺导管内增生性病变及浸润性癌中树突状细胞的检测

目的　检测乳腺导管内增生性病变和微小浸润性癌及浸润性导管癌中树突状细胞(dendriticcells,DC)和T细胞的 分布状况和浸润密度,探讨乳腺癌发生、发展中机体免疫状态的变化规律。方法　应用免疫组化S P法和两步法对16例正常 副乳腺、58例导管内增生性病变、4例微浸润导管癌及67例浸润性导管癌乳腺标本进行S 100蛋白+DC、HLA DR+DC、CD1a +DC(DC三参数)及CD45RO+T细胞的浸润密度检测。结果　浸润癌中DC三参数浸润密度均高于其它病变组织(P< 0.05)。导管原位癌、微浸润癌及浸润癌组织中CD45RO+T细胞浸润密度均高于其它病变组织(P<0.05)。DC三参数间及 其与CD45RO+T细胞间均呈正相关(P<0.001)。结论　DC浸润密度随增生性病变加重而逐渐增高,发展为浸润癌时则明 显增高。     

中期和晚期乳腺单纯癌癌细胞形态结构的体视学分析

用体视学方法对中期、晚期乳腺单纯癌（各20例）的细胞、细胞核、核仁的17个形态参数进行测试分析,发现癌中期组、癌晚期组、正常组之间相互比较,核面密度、核比表面,核平均体积、核平均截面积,核平均周长、核仁平均周长等6个参数有显著和高度显著差异,提示了癌症病人到了晚期细胞核被膜面积明显减小,核体积膨胀更厉害,核仁平均周长都明显减小,晚期癌症病人的预后更差。     

Electron microscopic findings for diagnosis of breast lesions

The normal mammary gland can be roughly divided into the large duct close to the nipple and the terminal duct located within the lobulus. Both the large duct and the terminal duct are composed of epithelial cells and myoepithelial cells. The epithelial cells can be divided into light and dark cells using electron density. Heterochromatin is the predominant type of chromatin found in normal mammary glands. The cytoplasm of myoepithelial cells contains a number of fine filaments that possess dense patches. The myoepithelial cells of the large duct have a large process with a crablike appearance that protrudes from the cytoplasm. The myoepithelial cells of the terminal duct, by contrast, assume a relatively flat form and are approximately parallel to the epithelial-stromal junction. If the nuclei of the epithelial cells of normal mammary glands and benign breast lesions are compared with those of malignant breast lesions, the latter are primarily oval or circular in shape whereas the former often show marked notches. The predominant chromatin is heterochromatin in noncancer cells and euchromatin in cancer cells. The intracytoplasmic lumen (ICL) can be roughly divided into two types. The ICL is frequently seen in breast cancers, especially scirrhous carcinoma and lobular carcinoma. Invasive ductal carcinoma can be divided into three types: papillotubular carcinoma, solid-tubular carcinoma, and scirrhous carcinoma. Scirrhous carcinoma can be divided into two subtypes: scirrhous carcinoma in the broader sense of the term (characterized by scirrhous invasion of the stroma by papillotubular carcinoma or solid-tubular carcinoma), and scirrhous carcinoma in the narrower sense of the term (characterized by linear or cluster-like invasion of the stroma without forming ducts). Ultrastructural characteristics of scirrhous carcinoma in the narrow sense are bright cytoplasm (seen in most cells) and euchromatin (seen in all cells of this type of carcinoma). In cases of papillotubular carcinoma, solid-tubular carcinoma, and scirrhous carcinoma in the broad sense, euchromatin is predominant but sporadic cells with heterochromatin are also seen. Adenoid cystic carcinoma and carcinoid tumor of the breast are histological types of breast carcinoma that show characteristic features under an electron microscope. Ultrastructurally, the former shows a pseudocyst and true lumen whereas the latter presents numerous neuroendocrine granules within the cytoplasm. Breast carcinoma shows several ultrastructural characteristics that are useful in differential diagnosis. Therefore, it is advisable to take electron microscopic findings into account when evaluating or diagnosing breast lesions.     

Analysis of the mononuclear inflammatory cell infiltrate in the normal breast, benign proliferative breast disease, in situ and infiltrating ductal breast carcinomas: preliminary observations

BACKGROUND: Mammary carcinogenesis is a multistep process entailing the transition from normal breast to benign proliferative breast disease (ductal hyperplasia) to ductal carcinoma in situ to infiltrating ductal carcinoma. HYPOTHESIS: These transitions are associated with changes in the mononuclear inflammatory cell infiltrate. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 53 mastectomy specimens of normal breast, benign proliferative breast disease, ductal carcinoma in situ and infiltrating ductal carcinoma were evaluated for mononuclear inflammatory cell infiltrate by using immunohistological methods and monoclonal antibodies including CD20, CD68, CD3 and granzyme B, histiocytes, T cells and cytotoxic T cells. RESULTS: Transitions from normal breast to the subsequent tissue with lesions (normal skin v benign proliferative breast disease v ductal carcinoma in situ v infiltrating ductal carcinoma) were associated with significantly (p<0.01) increased mean (SD) density of mononuclear inflammatory cell infiltrate at the parenchyma (3.2 (1.0) v 26.4 (7.8) v 33.6 (7.9) v 39.1 (4.7) for CD20+ B cells; 2.8 (1.0) v 81.5 (14.0) v 84.0 (14.9) v103.7 (3.9) for CD3; 1.3 (2.0) v 3.8 (4.0) v 12.7 (23) v 22.1 (25.0) for CD68+ macrophages; 2.0 (1.0) v 58.3 (5.0) v 60.0 (10.0) v 74.1 (28.0) for granzyme B+ cytotoxic T cells) and at the stroma (0.7 (1.0) v 3.0 (5.0) v 13.3 (20) v 16.7 (30.0) for CD20+ B cells; 1.0 (2.06) v 4.0 (2.5) v 16.7 (5.0) v 21.7 (15) for CD68+ macrophages; 1.4 (0.6) v 4.2 (1.2) v 46.6 (16.7) v 77.0 (5.0) for CD3+ cells and 0 (0) v 0.5 (1.0) v 0.7 (1.0) v 0.7 (1.0) for granzyme B+ cytotoxic T cells). CONCLUSIONS: The increased mononuclear inflammatory cell infiltrate during mammary carcinogenesis may reflect non-specific or specific immunological processes.