两类不同的安神中药

安神药是以中药中的某些矿物药和植物药为原料制成的一类中成药,这类药物有安神定志的功效。根据药物组成以及应用特点不同,安神药可分为重镇安神药和养心安神药两类。前者所含药物多为矿石类的中药,如朱砂、磁石、琥珀、龙骨、龙齿、琥珀、珍珠母、牡蛎、紫石英等,这些药物多质地沉重,性多沉降,主要用于心火     

琥珀传奇与药用

琥珀为古代松科植物的树脂埋藏地下经久凝结而成的碳氢化合物，主要产于云南、河南、广西、贵州、福建、辽宁等地。琥珀最早作为一种名贵装饰品，用于制作戒指、项链坠等贡品，目前以琥珀制作的项链、耳环、烟嘴、别针等仍是我国重要的出口工艺品之一。琥珀入药，最早见于梁代陶弘景的《名医别录》，并被列为上品。祖国医学认为，琥珀味甘性平，具有安心定志、散瘀利尿、止血生肌、明目祛翳等功效，自古以来就是一种名贵药材。     

琥珀酰明胶注射液容量治疗对凝血功能的影响

目的探讨应用琥珀酰明胶注射液术中实施容量治疗对患者凝血功能的影响。方法选择30例凝血功能基本正常的择期手术患者，观察琥珀酰明胶注射液输入前、输入500ml、1000ml后各时点的凝血功能指标。结果患者输入琥珀酰明胶注射液前后各时点凝血功能指标比较差异均无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论琥珀酰明胶注射液术中容量治疗对凝血功能无明显影响。     

板蓝根核苷类中薄层层析研究

目的建立板蓝根中核苷类薄层色谱鉴别。方法采用薄层色谱法对板蓝根中核苷类成分进行定性鉴别。结果在TLC色谱中能检出尿苷、腺苷、腺嘌呤。结论可利用此方法控制板蓝根的质量。     

板蓝根核苷类中薄层层析研究

目的建立板蓝根中核苷类薄层色谱鉴别。方法采用薄层色谱法对板蓝根中核苷类成分进行定性鉴别。结果在TLC色谱中能检出尿苷、腺苷、腺嘌呤。结论可利用此方法控制板蓝根的质量。     

前列腺增生症验方

琥珀散 取琥珀70克研为细末，早晚各服5克，温开水送服，1周为1疗程，一般1～2个疗程即可痊愈。     

几种全草类中药正品及其易混品的性状鉴别

全草类药材在常用中药中占很大比例,且因全草类中药需经干燥(少有鲜用)、切制方可入药,大部分药材已破碎,鉴别十分困难,很多药物的易混品较多,来源复杂,基层医院又很难做到显微和理化鉴别,从而影响临床疗效.本文用性状鉴别法对部分全草类中药的正品及其易混品、伪品作以鉴别,以保证临床用药安全有效.     

中药肉桂与食用肉桂的比较与鉴别研究

目的：探究中医中使用的肉桂和食用肉桂之间存在的差异，加以鉴别。方法：选取笔者从不同的药材销售市场中购买的中药肉桂以及食用肉桂，记录分析两种生药的来源、性质和状态、对生药进行显微镜下观察，薄层色谱观察以及内酯类和桂皮醛检查，对比两种生药的鉴别结果。结果：两种生药在上述多项鉴别指标中均存在明显性差异。结论：通过该种方式进行鉴别，可有效区分中药肉桂和食用肉桂两种生药，进而保证中药肉桂的质量。     

琥珀酰明胶注射液容量治疗对凝血功能的影响

目的 探讨应用琥珀酰明胶注射液术中实施容量治疗对患者凝血功能的影响.方法 选择30例凝血功能基本正常的择期手术患者,观察琥珀酰明胶注射液输入前、输入500 ml、1000 ml后各时点的凝血功能指标.结果 患者输入琥珀酰明胶注射液前后各时点凝血功能指标比较差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 琥珀酰明胶注射液术中容量治疗对凝血功能无明显影响.     

组织粘合剂在伤口中的应用

组织粘合剂是具有一定生物相容性和粘合力的生物医学材料,已得到广泛关注和研究.本文概述了α-氰基丙烯酸酯类粘合剂、琥珀酰亚胺酯类粘合剂、纤维蛋白粘合剂、贻贝粘蛋白粘合剂的粘接原理、基本特点、临床应用等情况.     

Potentiating effects of honey on antioxidant properties of lemon-flavoured black tea

Health benefits including antioxidant potential of black tea (Camellia sinensis), lemon (Citrus limon) and honey bees (Apis mellifera) have been extensively reported. Nevertheless, nothing is reported about the effects of their concomitant use. Herein, those effects were evaluated in infusions of lemon-flavoured black tea with three different kinds of honey (light amber, amber and dark amber) from Lavandula stoechas, Erica sp. pl. and other indigenous floral species from north-east Portugal, a region with high amounts of this food product. Data obtained showed that the use of honey (dark amber>amber>light amber) potentiates the antioxidant activity of lemon-flavoured black tea, increasing the reducing power and lipid peroxidation inhibition properties, as also the antioxidant contents such as phenolics, flavonoids and organic acids including ascorbic acid.     

The price of healthy and unhealthy foods in Australian primary school canteens

Objective : To describe the price of Australian school canteen foods according to their nutritional value. Methods : Primary school canteen menus were collected as part of a policy compliance randomised trial. For each menu item, dietitians classified its nutritional value; ‘green’ (‘good sources of nutrients’), ‘amber’ (‘some nutritional value’), ‘red’ (‘lack adequate nutritional value’) and assigned a food category (e.g. ‘Drinks’, ‘Snacks’). Pricing information was extracted. Within each food category, ANOVAs assessed differences between the mean price of ‘green’, ‘amber’ and ‘red’ items, and post‐hoc tests were conducted. Results : Seventy of the 124 invited schools participated. There were significant differences in the mean price of ‘green’, ‘amber’ and ‘red foods’ across categories, with ‘green’ items more expensive than ‘amber’ items in main‐meal categories (‘Sandwiches’ +Objective : To describe the price of Australian school canteen foods according to their nutritional value. Methods : Primary school canteen menus were collected as part of a policy compliance randomised trial. For each menu item, dietitians classified its nutritional value; ‘green’ (‘good sources of nutrients’), ‘amber’ (‘some nutritional value’), ‘red’ (‘lack adequate nutritional value’) and assigned a food category (e.g. ‘Drinks’, ‘Snacks’). Pricing information was extracted. Within each food category, ANOVAs assessed differences between the mean price of ‘green’, ‘amber’ and ‘red’ items, and post‐hoc tests were conducted. Results : Seventy of the 124 invited schools participated. There were significant differences in the mean price of ‘green’, ‘amber’ and ‘red foods’ across categories, with ‘green’ items more expensive than ‘amber’ items in main‐meal categories (‘Sandwiches’ +$0.43, ‘Hot Foods’ +$0.71), and the reverse true for non‐meal categories (‘Drinks’ ?$0.13, ‘Snacks’ ?$0.18, ‘Frozen Snacks’ ?$0.25^). Conclusion : Current pricing may not encourage the purchasing of healthy main‐meal items by and for students. Further investigation of pricing strategies that enhance the public health benefit of existing school canteen policies and practices are warranted. Implications for Public Health : Providing support to canteen managers regarding healthy canteen policies may have a positive impact on public health nutrition.     

Electrical apparatus used in medicine before 1900.

The Ancients had at their disposal torpedo fish, amber and magnets. It was not until the sixteenth century that ideas on the strange behaviour of amber and magnets were put forward. The eighteenth century saw the application of Newton's theories of matter and the introduction of the electrostatic machine, Galvanism and Volta's battery. In the nineteenth century there was extensive application of electricity in medical practice, with the development of electrocautery apparatus and illuminated cystoscopes, the pioneering of the electrocardiogram and the discovery of X-rays.     

Supermarket discounts: Are they promoting healthy non‐alcoholic beverages?

Aim:  The present study investigates the role of supermarket discounts in promoting healthy choices through evaluation of discounts applied to non-alcoholic beverages in New Zealand supermarkets.
Methods:  Discount information was collected from four supermarkets in the Wellington region over a four-week period. These included two supermarkets aimed at customers of a high socioeconomic status and two aimed at low-socioeconomic-status customers. The beverage brand and size were recorded along with the original and discounted prices. The beverages were classified into green (drink most), amber (drink in moderation) and red (drink less) categories based on the Waitemata District Health Board Beverage Guidelines.
Results:  A total of 1487 discounts were documented over the four-week period with the majority (57.6%) of these from the high-socioeconomic-status supermarkets. A higher percentage of beverage discounts were classified as amber (40.9%) or red (44.1%) rather than green (14.9%) across all beverage groups except water ( P  < 0.001).
Conclusions:  This research suggests that less healthy beverages are discounted more frequently and to a larger extent than healthier beverages, but a nationwide study is required to confirm this. It appears likely that supermarkets could play a role in promoting healthy beverage choice if they refrain from discounting amber and red products.     

Classical Conditioning of Female Sexual Arousal

The classical conditioning of subjective and physiological aspects of female sexual arousal was examined. Experimental subjects were run in a delayed conditioning design, where an amber light was paired with excerpts from erotic videos. Control subjects received presentations of the same amber tight and videos, but these presentations did not overlap with one another. Dependent variables included subjective ratings of arousal to the light and the videos as well as change in vaginal pulse amplitude assessed during exposure to the different stimuli. Experimental subjects evidenced increased arousal to the light over conditioning trials, as assessed by subjective ratings of sexual arousal. This finding is suggestive of a learned effect. However, results failed to indicate significant differences between experimental and control groups. Therefore, the increased arousal to the light evidenced by experimental subjects may not be due to classical conditioning. Suggestions regarding these findings, clinical implications, and future research are discussed.     

Government food service policies and guidelines do not create healthy school canteens

Objective In 2006, the Victorian Government adopted the School Canteens and other school Food Services (SCFS) Policy that bans the sale of sweet drinks and confectionary and recommends the proportions of menu items based on a traffic light system of food classification. This study aims to determine whether compliance with the policy improves the nutritional profile of the menus. Methods Items from food service menus were assessed for compliance with the SCFS policy and categorised as ‘everyday’ (‘green’), ‘select carefully’ (‘amber’) or ‘occasionally’ (‘red’) (n=106). Profile analysis assessed differences in the nutritional profile of the menus between sub‐groups. Results Overall, 37% of menus contained items banned under the policy. The largest proportion of items on the assessed menus were from the ‘amber’ category (mean: 51.0%), followed by ‘red’ (29.3%) and ‘green’ (20.3%). No menus met the traffic light‐based recommendations and there was no relationship between policy compliance and the proportion of items in each of the three categories. Conclusions and implications To increase the healthiness of the school food service we recommend a greater investment in resources and infrastructure to implement existing policies, and establishing stronger monitoring and support systems.     

Green and amber foods: The nutritional content of food and beverages registered for sale in New South Wales school canteens with Healthy Kids Association

Aim: The aim of this study was to describe key nutritional characteristics of food and beverage products registered with the product registration scheme of Healthy Kids Association (formerly the New South Wales School Canteen Association). Methods: The nutritional characteristics of Healthy Kids Association's registered products as of October 2009 were examined. Nutrient content data were obtained from product nutrition information panels, for each product within popular product subcategories. The level of key nutrients (including saturated fat, sugar, calcium and fibre) was identified and analysed in relation to the nutrient criteria threshold levels for green and amber food categories. The distribution of nutrients in relation to the food category thresholds was examined. Results: For most product subcategories, the nutrient content of products clustered just below the nutrient criteria thresholds for total energy, saturated fat, sodium and sugar. The nutrient content for the positive nutrients calcium and fibre frequently clustered just above the threshold. In addition, small package sizes were found to be common among food classified as amber. Conclusion: This study illustrates a method for analysing and describing the range and nutrient profile of products registered with a product registration or nutrition signposting scheme. The distribution of key nutrients around criteria thresholds suggests that products are formulated with reference to the nutrient thresholds of the product registration scheme. However, nutrient thresholds may also be achieved through manufacturing smaller portion sizes. The potential of nutrient thresholds as levers to influence the nutritional profile of foods needs further research and industry dialogue.     

Favorable Commercial and Health Behavior Impacts of a Healthy Vending Policy at an Australian University

BackgroundThe World Health Organization recognizes universities as an important health-promotion setting, including in healthy food provision. Previous research shows that healthy food retail interventions also need to consider commercial sustainability, including financial outcomes, and should take a holistic approach to consumer experience.ObjectiveOur aim was to determine the health behavior and commercial outcomes of a multicomponent traffic light–based healthy vending policy implemented as one part of a holistic university food policy. The hypothesis was that purchases of less healthy “red” beverages would decrease compared with predicted sales, that purchases of healthier “green” and “amber” alternatives would increase, and that there would be no change in revenue.DesignA quasi-experimental design evaluated a real-world food policy using monthly aggregated sales data to compare pre-intervention (January 2016 to March 2018) and post-intervention period sales (December 2018 to December 2019).Participants/settingElectronic sales data were collected from 51 beverage vending machines across 4 university campuses in Victoria, Australia.InterventionA multicomponent policy was implemented between April and November 2018. Beverages were classified using a voluntary state government traffic light framework. Policy included display ≤20% red beverages and ≥50% green beverages; machine traffic light labeling; health-promoting machine branding; review of machine placement; and recycled bottle packaging.Main outcome measuresChanges in red, amber, and green volume sales, and revenue compared with predicated sales.Statistical analyses performedInterrupted time series analysis of sales data compared post-policy sales with predicted sales.ResultsIn the 13^th month post-policy implementation, there was a 93.2% (95% CI +35.9% to +150.5%) increase in total beverage volume sold and an 88.6% (95% CI +39.2% to +138.1%) increase in revenue. There was no change in red beverage volume sold, but increases in green (+120.8%; 95% CI +59.0% to +182.6%) and amber (+223.2%; 95% CI +122.4% to +323.9%) volume sold.ConclusionsSustained behavior change and commercial outcomes suggest that holistic vending interventions can effectively promote healthier beverage sales.     

产前超声诊断完全型胎儿房室间隔缺损的价值

目的探讨产前超声对完全型胎儿房室间隔缺损的诊断价值。方法对产前超声诊断的15例胎儿房室间隔缺损的声像图特征进行回顾性分析,随访临床结果。结果产前诊断的15例完全型房室间隔缺损胎儿引产后均得到证实,超声诊断准确率100%(15/15);典型声像图特征:四腔心切面上,心内膜垫十字交叉消失,房间隔下部和室间隔上部缺失,左右房室瓣异常,形成一较大的房室通道彩色多普勒超声所见:心腔中央仅显示1条房室血流,心室收缩时血流返流入心房。结论产前超声是诊断完全型胎儿房室间隔缺损的准确、可靠的方法 ,具有重要的临床价值。     

Die fibrogene Wirkung von Bernstein- und „polybern“-Staub in Rattenlungen nach einmaliger intratrachealer Applikation

Zusammenfassung Weiblichen Albinoratten wurden je 50 mg Bernstein- und polybern-Staub in 1 ml physiologischer Kochsalzlösung suspendiert einmalig intratracheal appliziert. Nach 26, 39 und 52 Wochen erfolgte die Tötung der Tiere und die histologische Untersuchung der makroskopisch auffÄlligen Pulmones. Alle Ratten zeigten eine mittelgradige fibrotische Reaktion in der Umgebung des verabreichten Materials. Damit konnten die bereits früher durch intraperitoneale Testung von Bernstein- und polybern-Staub erzielten Fibrosegrade bestÄtigt werden.

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Fibrogeneous effect of amber and polybern dust in rat lungs after a single application

Summary 50 mg of amber and polybern dust, suspended in 1 ml of a physiological solution of sodium chloride, were applied once to female albino-rats intratracheally. The animals were sacrificed and the histological examination of the macroscopical striking parts of the lungs was performed 26, 39 and 52 weeks later. All rats showed a moderate fibrous reaction in the environs of the applied material. These observations confirm the degree of fibrous reactions previously obtained by intraperitoneal tests with dust of amber and of polybern.