血清可溶性血管内皮生长因子受体1在子宫内膜癌患者中的表达及与疾病特征的关系

目的探讨子宫内膜癌患者血清可溶性血管内皮生长因子受体1(sVEGFR1)的表达情况以及其与患者基线特征的关系。方法选取82例子宫内膜癌患者(子宫内膜癌组)和75例同期女性健康体检者(健康对照组)。采用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)检测两组研究对象血清sVEGFR1的表达水平,并分析不同基线特征的子宫内膜癌患者的血清sVEGFR1表达情况。结果子宫内膜癌组患者的血清sVEGFR1表达水平为(213.52±77.46)ng/ml,低于健康对照组的(843.47±141.05)ng/ml(P﹤0.05)。不同组织分化程度、TNM分期的子宫内膜癌患者的血清sVEGFR1表达水平比较,差异均有统计学意义(P﹤0.01);有淋巴结转移、肌层浸润深度≥50%的子宫内膜癌患者的血清sVEGFR1表达水平均明显低于无淋巴结转移、肌层浸润深度﹤50%的患者(P﹤0.01);不同年龄、绝经情况及病理类型的子宫内膜癌患者的血清sVEGFR1表达水平比较,差异均无统计学意义(P﹥0.05)。结论与健康体检者比较,子宫内膜癌患者的血清sVEGFR1表达水平较低,血清sVEGFR1表达水平与患者的组织分化程度、TNM分期、淋巴结转移情况、肌层浸润深度有关,可能成为子宫内膜癌早期诊断的潜在的生物学标志物。     

C-erbB-2、ETS1、p53在子宫内膜癌中的表达及其与临床特征的关系

目的分析C-erbB-2、成红细胞特异性转化因子1(ETS1)、p53在子宫内膜癌中的表达情况及其与临床特征的关系。方法选取128例子宫内膜癌患者和同期100例妇科疾病患者的组织标本,分别作为观察组和对照组。采用苏木精-伊红(HE)染色和免疫组化染色分析两组患者C-erbB-2、ETS1、p53的阳性表达情况,其与临床特征的相关性采用Spearman相关分析。结果观察组患者C-erbB-2、ETS1、p53的阳性表达率均明显高于对照组患者(P﹤0.01)。FIGO病理分期Ⅲ～Ⅳ期、低分化程度和有淋巴结转移等的子宫内膜癌患者C-erbB-2、ETS1、p53阳性表达率,均明显高于FIGO病理分期Ⅰ～Ⅱ期、高中分化程度及无淋巴结转移等的患者(P﹤0.05)。Spearman相关分析结果显示,C-erbB-2、ETS1、p53阳性表达与FIGO病理分期、分化程度、肌层浸润、淋巴结转移均呈正相关(P﹤0.01)。结论子宫内膜癌组织中C-erbB-2、ETS1、p53阳性表达率明显升高,并可促进肿瘤组织的淋巴结转移。     

子宫内膜癌组织HER2表达水平与患者临床病理特征的关系探讨

目的 探讨子宫内膜癌组织中人表皮生长因子受体2(HER2)的表达水平及其临床意义.方法 选取84例子宫内膜癌组织标本为病例组,30例正常子宫内膜组织标本为对照组,采用免疫组化染色方法检测两组标本中HER2蛋白的表达水平,分析HER2蛋白表达水平与子宫内膜癌患者临床病理特征的关系.结果 病例组组织标本中HER2蛋白的阳性表达率为55.95％,高于对照组的26.67％,差异有统计学意义(P﹥0.05);肌层浸润深度﹥1/2、Ⅲ期和Ⅳ期、低分化、发生淋巴结转移、肿瘤累及宫颈组织的子宫内膜癌患者子宫内膜癌组织中HER2蛋白阳性表达率高于肌层浸润深度≤1/2、Ⅰ期和Ⅱ期、高分化和中分化、未发生淋巴结转移、肿瘤未累及宫颈组织的子宫内膜癌患者,差异均有统计学意义(P﹤0.05).结论 子宫内膜癌组织中HER2蛋白的表达上调,并且与肿瘤浸润深度、临床分期、分化程度、淋巴结转移及是否累及宫颈组织有关.     

子宫内膜癌组织中GATA结合蛋白3、人附睾蛋白4的表达及临床意义

目的 探讨子宫内膜癌组织中人附睾蛋白4(HE4)、GATA结合蛋白3(GATA3)的表达及临床意义。方法 将32例子宫内膜癌患者设为子宫内膜癌组,33例不典型增生患者设为不典型增生组,27例健康体检者设为正常对照组。统计3组受试者组织中HE4、GATA3阳性表达情况,分析GATA3、HE4阳性表达与子宫内膜癌患者临床特征的关系,计算HE4与GATA3单独及联合检测对子宫内膜癌的诊断效能。结果 子宫内膜癌组患者HE4、GATA3阳性表达率均高于不典型增生组和正常对照组,不典型增生组患者HE4、GATA3阳性表达率均高于正常对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P﹤0.05)。有淋巴结转移、肿瘤直径≥2 cm、组织学分级为G₃级、有脉管浸润、手术-病理分期为Ⅲ+Ⅳ期子宫内膜癌患者子宫内膜癌组织中HE4、GATA3阳性表达率分别高于无淋巴结转移、肿瘤直径﹤2 cm、组织学分级为G₁+G₂级、无脉管浸润、手术-病理分期为Ⅰ+Ⅱ期患者,差异均有统计学意义(P﹤0.05)。有淋巴结转移、肿瘤直径≥2 cm、组织学分级为G₃     

Caveolin-1在子宫内膜癌组织中的表达及临床意义

目的　探讨窖蛋白-1（Caveolin-1）在子宫内膜癌组织中的表达及其与临床病理特征的关系。方法 采用免疫组化法及蛋白质印迹法检测45例子宫内膜癌组织（内膜癌组）、35例子宫内膜良性病变组织（良性组）和35例正常子宫内膜组织（正常组）中Caveolin-1蛋白的表达。实时荧光定量PCR法检测内膜癌组中Caveolin-1 mRNA的表达,并分析其与临床病理特征的关系。结果 Caveolin-1蛋白在内膜癌组、良性组、正常组中的表达呈递减趋势,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;在内膜癌组淋巴结转移者Caveolin-1 mRNA表达高于无淋巴结转移者（P=0.001）;TNM分期Ⅱ期、Ⅲ+Ⅳ期者高于Ⅰ期者（P=0.002,P=0.040）;低分化、中分化者显著高于高分化者（P＜0.001,P=0.020）;Caveolin-1在子宫内膜癌组织中的表达与年龄及组织分型无明显相关性（P＞0.05）。结论 Caveolin-1在子宫内膜癌组织中高表达,且与淋巴结转移、分化程度和ＴＮＭ分期有关,有望成为子宫内膜癌早期诊断的指标及治疗靶点。     

非小细胞肺癌中CD151及uroplakin 1A表达及临床意义的研究

目的探讨CD151和uroplakin 1A在非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)中的表达情况及临床意义。方法选取156例NSCLC患者(NSCLC组)和66例肺良性病变患者(肺良性病变组)。采用免疫组织化学法检测并比较CD151和uroplakin 1A在NSCLC组织和肺部良性病变组织中的表达情况,并分析其与NSCLC患者临床特征、5年生存率的关系。结果NSCLC组织中的CD151和uroplakin 1A阳性表达率均明显高于肺部良性病变组织(P﹤0.01);有吸烟史、TNM分期为Ⅲ~Ⅳ期、有淋巴结转移的NSCLC患者的CD151的阳性表达率均明显高于无吸烟史、TNM分期为Ⅰ~Ⅱ期、无淋巴结转移的NSCLC患者(P﹤0.01);有吸烟史、肿瘤直径﹥2 cm、TNM分期为Ⅲ~Ⅳ期、有淋巴结转移的NSCLC患者的uroplakin 1A的阳性表达率均明显高于无吸烟史、肿瘤直径≤2 cm、TNM分期为Ⅰ~Ⅱ期、无淋巴结转移的患者(P﹤0.01);不同组织分化程度、病理学分型的NSCLC患者的CD151和uroplakin 1A的阳性表达率比较,差异均有统计学意义(P﹤0.01)。CD151及uroplakin 1A同时阳性表达的NSCLC患者80例,同时阴性表达的患者26例,CD151阴性、uroplakin 1A阳性或者CD151阳性、uroplakin 1A阴性的患者50例;CD151阳性表达和uroplakin 1A阳性表达呈正相关(r=0.297,P﹤0.01);CD151和uroplakin 1A同时阳性表达和同时阴性表达的NSCLC患者的5年生存率分别为0和19.2%,CD151阴性、uroplakin 1A阳性或者CD151阳性、uroplakin 1A阴性的NSCLC患者的5年生存率为12.0%;CD151和uroplakin 1A同时阳性表达的NSCLC患者的5年生存率低于上述另两种情况(P﹤0.05)。结论与肺部良性病变比较,NSCLC患者的CD151和uroplakin 1A的阳性表达率更高,且其表达情况与NSCLC患者的临床特征及5年生存率有关,有利于指导多学科综合治疗,可能成为评估NSCLC患者预后的指标。     

成纤维细胞生长因子受体1和血管内皮生长因子在肺鳞癌中的表达及与预后的关系

目的 观察成纤维细胞生长因子受体1(FGFR1)和血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)在肺鳞癌中的表达,并分析其与预后的相关性.方法 收集肺鳞癌组织标本135例和癌旁组织标本125例.采用免疫组织化学染色法检测不同肺组织中FGFR1和VEGF的表达水平,分析两者表达与临床病理参数的关系.肺鳞癌患者预后的影响因素采用Cox多因素分析.结果 肺鳞癌组织标本中FGFR1和VEGF的阳性表达率和表达水平均高于癌旁组织(P﹤0.05);在肺鳞癌组织中,FGFR1阳性表达与肿瘤分化程度、淋巴结转移、远处器官转移及TNM分期有关(P﹤0.05),VEGF阳性表达与肿瘤分化程度、淋巴结转移及TNM分期有关(P﹤0.05);Cox多因素分析结果显示,肿瘤分化程度、淋巴结转移、TNM分期、FGFR1及VEGF均为肺鳞癌预后的独立因素(P﹤0.05).结论 肺鳞癌患者的FGFR1和VEGF表达水平升高,并在肿瘤分化、淋巴结转移、TNM分期及预后中发挥重要作用.     

DAPK蛋白、Ki-67蛋白在子宫内膜癌中的表达及其与临床病理学特征的相关性

目的:探讨DAPK蛋白、Ki-67蛋白在子宫内膜癌中的表达及其与临床病理学特征的相关性。方法:选取2012年6月至2016年10月在我院及邯郸市第一医院治疗的子宫内膜癌患者150例,同时选取150例子宫内膜增生患者,采用免疫组化法检测DAPK蛋白、Ki-67蛋白表达情况,采用全自动生化法检测血清中CEA、CA19-9和CA125等的表达,分析 DAPK蛋白、Ki-67蛋白的表达与子宫内膜癌临床病理特征的关系。结果:子宫内膜癌患者组织中的DAPK蛋白低于子宫内膜增生组（P＜0.05）,Ki-67蛋白阳性表达率均高于子宫内膜增生组患者（P＜0.05）;子宫内膜癌组患者CEA、CA19-9和CA125水平均高于子宫内膜增生组（P＜0.05）;子宫内膜癌患者的DAPK阳性表达率与CEA等肿瘤标志物水平负相关（P＜0.05）,子宫内膜癌患者的Ki-67阳性表达率与CEA等肿瘤标志物水平正相关（P＜0.05）;不同年龄的患者间DAPK、Ki-67的表达无差异,高分化、无淋巴结转移、TNM分期为Ⅰ+Ⅱ期的子宫内膜癌患者的DAPK阳性表达率较高（P＜0.05）,高分化、无淋巴结转移、TNM分期为Ⅰ+Ⅱ期的子宫内膜癌患者的Ki-67阳性表达率较低（P＜0.05）。结论:DAPK蛋白、Ki-67蛋白在子宫内膜癌患者中存在异常表达,且其表达与患者的病情或者细胞分化、淋巴结转移等具有密切关系。     

子宫内膜癌组织中Bcl-2、Bmi-1的表达情况及临床意义

目的 探讨子宫内膜癌组织中Bcl-2、Bmi-1的表达情况及临床意义。方法 选取子宫内膜癌患者58例，采用免疫组化法检测Bcl-2、Bmi-1的表达，分析其与临床生物学行为和预后的关系。结果 Bcl-2表达与淋巴结转移、分化程度无关，与临床分期以及浸润深度有关(P均<0.05), Bmi-1表达与临床分期、浸润深度、分化程度无关(P均>0.05),与淋巴结转移有关(P均<0.05)。生存组的Bcl-2、Bmi-1表达水平明显低于死亡组(P<0.05)。多因素logistic回归分析显示，Bcl-2、Bmi-1均为影响子宫内膜癌患者预后的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。结论 子宫内膜癌组织中Bcl-2、Bmi-1的表达失调，能够反映肿瘤的临床生物学行为，可作为子宫内膜癌预后评价的辅助指标。     

子宫内膜癌临床病理特征与盆腹腔淋巴结转移的相关性分析

目的:探讨子宫内膜癌临床病理特征与盆腹腔淋巴结转移的相关性。方法:选取162例子宫内膜癌患者,分析临床病理资料,探讨盆腹腔淋巴结转移的相关因素。结果:162例子宫内膜癌患者中,9例发生盆腔淋巴结转移,7例发生腹主动脉旁淋巴结转移。非内膜样腺癌、FIGO Ⅲ 期、脉管浸润、治疗前CA125高于正常水平的患者盆腔淋巴结转移率高,差异有统计学意义;FIGO Ⅲ 期、脉管浸润、肿瘤直径>2 cm、治疗前CA125水平高于正常及盆腔淋巴结阳性的患者腹主动脉旁淋巴结转移率高,差异有统计学意义。多因素COX回归分析:FIGO分期、病理类型、脉管浸润为淋巴结转移的高危因素。结论:非子宫内膜样腺癌、FIGO分期、脉管浸润、治疗前CA125高水平与子宫内膜癌盆腔淋巴结转移存在相关性,FIGO分期、脉管浸润、肿瘤直径、治疗前CA125水平、盆腔淋巴结与子宫内膜癌腹主动脉旁淋巴结转移存在相关性。     

Bacteria and cancer--antagonisms and benefits

There is considerable historical and recent evidence concerning the antagonisms between acute bacterial infections or their toxins and cancer and allied diseases. These data provide renewed incentives to undertake clinical programmes with mixed bacterial vaccines in many countries at the present time.     

VEGF及KDR在大肠腺瘤和腺癌中的表达及意义

目的：探讨VEGF和KDR在大肠腺瘤和大肠腺癌中的表达及临床病理特征的关系。方法：大肠腺瘤和大肠腺癌组织标本各100例,采用免疫组织化学染色法检测VEGF和KDR在标本中的表达情况。结果：VEGF和KDR在大肠腺癌组中的阳性表达明显高于大肠腺瘤组（P〈0.05）;在正常大肠黏膜均未见VEGF和KDR表达的阳性染色;VEGF阳性表达组中KDR的阳性表达率为70%,显著高于VEGF阴性表达组中KDR的阳性表达率16%,两组比较有统计学意义（P〈0.01）。结论：大肠腺癌组织中KDR的表达与肿瘤大小、转移情况、浸润深度密切相关;VEGF和KDR在大肠腺瘤中的表达与患者的年龄、性别及分型均无相关性,而与增生程度相关（P〈0.05）。在大肠腺癌患者中VEGF及KDR表达更高,二者具有协同效应。     

Religiosity and physical and emotional functioning among African American and White colorectal and lung cancer patients

The literature suggests that religiosity helps cope with illness. The present study examined the role of religiosity in functioning among African Americans and Whites with a cancer diagnosis. Patients were recruited from an existing study and mailed a religiosity survey. Participants (N = 269; 36% African American, 56% women) completed the mail survey, and interview data from the larger cohort was utilized in the analysis. Multivariate analyses indicated that in the overall sample religious behaviors were marginally and positively associated with mental health and negatively with depressive symptoms. Among women, religious behaviors were positively associated with mental health and negatively with depressive symptoms. Religiosity was not a predictor of study outcomes for men. Among African Americans, religious behaviors were positively associated with mental health and vitality. Among Whites, religious behaviors were negatively associated with depressive symptoms. These findings suggest a mixed role of religious involvement in cancer outcomes. The current findings may have applied potential in the areas of emotional functioning and depression.     

Genetic polymorphisms of alcohol and aldehyde dehydrogenases and risk for esophageal and head and neck cancers

Alcoholic beverages are causally related to cancer of the oral cavity, pharynx, larynx and esophagus. Ethanol is oxidized to acetaldehyde and then to acetate by alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH), both of which have genetic polymorphisms. A review of case-control studies of the effects of ALDH2, ADH2 and ADH3 genotypes shows consistently positive associations between inactive heterozygous ALDH2 and the less-active ADH2 genotypes and the risk for esophageal cancer in East Asian heavy drinkers and this enzyme-related vulnerability may extend to light-to-moderate drinkers. Some studies suggest similar associations with the risk for head and neck cancer in moderate-to-heavy-drinking Japanese. An established carcinogen in experimental animals, acetaldehyde can interact with human DNA. ALDH2-associated cancer susceptibility fits into a scenario in which acetaldehyde plays a critical role in the development of human cancer. Alcohol flushing and drinking behavior may partly explain this carcinogenic effect in carriers of less-active ADH2 genotypes. Whether the ADH3 genotype influences head and neck cancer risk in Western nations is controversial. Professional and public education about risky conditions connected to the ALDH2 and ADH2 genotypes and environmental factors is important in a new strategic approach to the prevention of alcohol-related cancers in East Asians. The use of simple tests to identify inactive ALDH2 on the basis of alcohol flushing responses could benefit many people, by helping them to identify their own cancer risks. Such testing could also help clinicians diagnose esophageal cancer earlier, through the use of endoscopic screening in the high-risk population.     

Religiosity and Physical and Emotional Functioning Among African American and White Colorectal and Lung Cancer Patients

The literature suggests that religiosity helps cope with illness. The present study examined the role of religiosity in functioning among African Americans and Whites with a cancer diagnosis. Patients were recruited from an existing study and mailed a religiosity survey. Participants (N = 269; 36% African American, 56% women) completed the mail survey, and interview data from the larger cohort was utilized in the analysis. Multivariate analyses indicated that in the overall sample religious behaviors were marginally and positively associated with mental health and negatively with depressive symptoms. Among women, religious behaviors were positively associated with mental health and negatively with depressive symptoms. Religiosity was not a predictor of study outcomes for men. Among African Americans, religious behaviors were positively associated with mental health and vitality. Among Whites, religious behaviors were negatively associated with depressive symptoms. These findings suggest a mixed role of religious involvement in cancer outcomes. The current findings may have applied potential in the areas of emotional functioning and depression.     

New and emerging radiosensitizers and radioprotectors

The combination of chemotherapy and radiation has led to clinical breakthroughs in several disease sites, and current work continues to define optimum combinations of proven chemotherapy as well as more recently available, noncytotoxic agents. Administration of systemic therapies allows modulation of radiation response to improve tumor control (radiosensitization) or to prevent normal tissue toxicity (radioprotection). Substantial progress has been made in identifying the targets of standard chemotherapeutic radiation sensitizers and protectors as well as in the introduction of a new generation of molecularly targeted therapies in combination with radiation. We have reviewed the most recent, predominantly early phase clinical trials combining systemic agents with radiation. Although the proof of an improved schedule ultimately needs to come from well-run Phase III trials, the search among schedules could be shortened by the use of surrogate endpoints such as presence of active drug metabolites in the tumor. This has been accomplished only in a few cases and needs to become a more standard part of radiation sensitizer and protector trials.