抗利尿激素单克隆抗体的制备及初步应用

作者应用B淋巴细胞杂交瘤技术,成功地建立了分泌抗抗利尿激素(ADH)的McAb细胞株,所获的3株细胞分泌的McAb分别为IgG1,IgG2a,IgG2b。其诱生腹水滴度可达1×10~(-5)～5×10~(-5),灵敏度为2.5ng/ml。抗体亲和力K值在(3～4)×10~(-9)L/M之间,受温度影响明显。McAb与11种神经肽进行竞争抑制试验,均无交叉反应。静脉注射McAb可使新西兰兔尿量明显增加。用免疫组化的方法对大鼠下丘脑神经细胞进     

抗伊氐锥虫表膜抗原单克隆抗体杂交瘤细胞系的建立及其在检测循环抗源(CA)中的应用

本文利用淋巴细胞杂交瘤技术,建立了三株抗伊氏锥虫表膜抗原的McAb杂交瘤细胞系(1C_2、2A_3、5B_7)。鉴定结果:①诱生的腹水效价为1C_2 2×10~(-4)、2A_3 4×10~(-4)、5B_764×10~(-4),培养上清效价为1C_2 1/512、2A_3 1/512、5B_7 1/1024。②三株细胞所产生的McAb均为IgM类免疫球蛋白。③染色体数为1C_2 82、2A_3 96、5B_7 106条。④McAb在伊氏锥虫作抗原定位,均结合于虫体表面。⑤与伊氏锥虫表膜以外的抗原成分反应较弱,与锥虫     

抗尿激酶单克隆抗体的研究——Ⅰ.分泌抗尿激酶单克隆抗体杂交瘤细胞系的建立

用市售的尿激酶(UK),免癌BALB/c小鼠。取脾细胞,与小鼠骨髓瘤细胞FO融合,获得六株分泌抗尿激酶单克隆抗体的杂交瘤细胞,分别命名为1UB_5、1UD_2、3UA_2、3UD_(12)、3UG_2、3UH_7。其中,1UB_5及1UD_2连续传代培养4个月以上,其培养液抗体的ELISA效价仍为10~(-2)～10~(-3)。两株细胞经扩大培养后,注入C_(57)×BALB/c杂交后的F_1代小鼠,诱生的腹水抗体效价为5×10~(-6)～10~(-7)1UB_5、1UD_2所分泌的抗体经ELISA鉴定,分属IgG_1和IgG2a。用高纯度的低分子量UK包被,ELISA检测后表明,两株细胞所分泌的为抗高分子量UK的McAb。 抗UK的McAb用于粗制品UK的纯化及监察某些肿瘤发生与发展的进一步工作正在进行之中。     

O1群小川型霍乱弧菌单克隆抗体的制备与鉴定

目的制备抗O1群小川型霍乱弧菌(VibriocholeraeO1serotypeOgawa)特异性单克隆抗体(McAb),为霍乱的早期快速诊断提供有力的抗体工具。方法以灭活的O1群小川型霍乱弧菌免疫Balbc小鼠,通过杂交瘤技术制备针对O1群小川型霍乱弧菌的McAb,以间接ELISA法对所需的杂交瘤细胞株进行筛选,分析其亚类,检测其效价及相对亲和力,以间接ELISA和Westernblot鉴定McAb特异性,并进行McAb结合表位分析。结果融合了602株能分泌抗O1群小川型霍乱弧菌McAb的杂交瘤细胞株,最后得到5株能稳定分泌特异性的针对该McAb的细胞株,其抗体亚类分别为3株IgG1,1株IgG2b,1株IgG3;腹水效价均达1×10-6;亲和常数在1×108～1×109之间。间接ELISA法及Westernblot证实所获的McAb可与O1群小川型霍乱弧菌发生特异性反应。ELISA相加实验结果显示除有2株McAb识别相同的抗原表位外,其余均识别不同的抗原表位。结论获得霍乱弧菌O1群小川型特异性McAb,为O1群小川型霍乱早期快速诊断和发病机理的研究提供基础。     

抗利尿激素单克隆抗体的制备及初步应用

应用B淋巴细胞杂交瘤技术,成功地建立了分泌抗抗利尿激素(ADH)的单克隆抗体细胞株。新获的细胞株分泌的单克隆抗体类型属IgG2a。具诱生腹水抗体滴度可达1.2×10~4稀释度,灵敏度为2.5ng/ml。抗体的亲和常数为3.11×10~9L/mol,亲和力受温度影响明显。ADH McAb与催产素等11种神经肽进行竞争抑制试验均无交叉反应,静脉注射McAb可使新西兰白免尿量明显增加。用PAP免疫组化的方法对人和大鼠下丘脑神经细胞进行ADH定位检测,视上核及室旁核的神经细胞及神经纤维均有明显清晰的染色颗粒。应用放射免疫方法检测大鼠垂体,下丘脑组织ADH含量分别为186.46±53.23ng/mg,3.32±1.69ng/mg。因此,抗ADH McAb在八DH的组织学定位,组织含量的测定,以及作为中和剂应用在各种疾病的研究上都有重要的意义。     

抗人尿激酶单克隆抗体制备和鉴定

用人高分子量尿激酶(HMW-UK)为抗原,通过杂交瘤技术获得了两株阳性杂交瘤细胞(2B8、3A2)。采用葡萄球菌 A 蛋白(SPA)亲和层析或 Water's650快速蛋白分离系统纯化抗 UK 单克隆抗体(McAb).3A2McAb 为 IgG 1亚类,特异地识别 HMW-UK 和低分子量 LMW-UK,抑制 UK 活性,表明3A2McAb 所作用的位点为 UK 的 B 链,即活性中心。EIA 测定3A2McAb 与 UK 的亲和常数为8.43×10~8M~(-1)。2B_8McAb 亦为IgG_(?)亚类,特异地识别 HMW-UK 及其氨基端1～135氨基酸片段(ATF),不抑制活性,EIA 测定2B_8McAb 与UK 的亲和常数为2.8×10~9M~(-1)。2B_8McAb 可用于导向溶栓的研究以及 UK 与其受体间反应的研究。     

抗重组人白细胞介素18单克隆抗体的制备与特性研究

目的 :获得有生物活性的小鼠抗重组人白细胞介素 18(rhIL 18)单克隆抗体。方法 :采用重组hIL 18免疫BALB C小鼠 ,应用杂交瘤技术 ,ELISA法筛选阳性杂交瘤细胞株并经多次克隆化。结果 :建立了 2株小鼠抗hIL 18单克隆抗体杂交瘤细胞 1C7和 1F5 ,染色体数目分别为 92条和 90条 ,所分泌的抗体分别为IgG2a和IgG1,轻链均为κ型 ,腹水IgG抗体经亲和层析法纯化后纯度达 95 %以上 ,效价为 1× 10 - 4和 1× 10 - 5,Westernblot显示 2株单抗均能特异性识别 18 3kD处的rhIL 18蛋白。 1C7单抗的亲和常数Ka=1 7× 10 5,1F5的亲和常数Ka=1 3× 10 5。 2株单抗识别不同抗原表位。结论 :制备的 2株单抗为进一步研究IL 18的分子结构、生物学功能及其与免疫相关性疾病的关系提供了实验材料。     

大鼠肺泡结构的立体计量研究

应用立体计量方法,对5只正常大鼠(Wistar系,雌性)肺泡结构进行了定量研究。得出:1)双侧肺脏肺泡总数(Na)为(15.78±2.57)×10~6个;2)双侧肺泡总内表面积(Sa)4232.4±702.9cm~2;3)肺泡毛细血管床容积(Vc)0.42+O.09cm~3/左右肺;4)肺泡毛细血管床内表面积(Sc):3525.05±569.91cm~2/左右肺;5)血气屏障厚度:算术平均(Tat)0.54±O.13μm;调和平均(Tht)0.21±0.09um:6)肺泡Ⅰ、Ⅱ型上皮细胞、肺泡毛细血管内皮细胞的总体积(×lO~(-2)cm~3)分别为:8.71±1.7,5.12±1.6,10.53±O.1;7)肺泡毛细血管床内粒细胞、血小板的总体积(×10~(-2)cm~3)分别为:1.85±1;0.35±0.24。     

HPV16L1-E7重组腺病毒在SCID-Hu IC小鼠和HPV16阳性肿瘤联合嵌合小鼠中防治作用的研究

目的　建立SCID HuIC小鼠动物模型和HPV16阳性肿瘤联合嵌合模型 ,研究HPV16L1 E7重组腺病毒在SCID HuIC小鼠和肿瘤联合嵌合模型中的防治作用。方法　①实验组SCID小鼠移植人胎儿多组织 ,对照组注射RPMI 16 4 0培养液 ,8周末检测人IgG抗体 ,人CD4 5、CD3、CD19;②T1和C1组先注射HPV16L1 E7重组腺病毒 ,2周末强化 ,4周末接种CaSki细胞 ;T2和C2组先接种CaSki细胞 ,4周末注射HPV16L1 E7重组腺病毒 ,6周末强化。 8周末检测病毒特异性IgG抗体、人IFN γ及T淋巴细胞增殖 ,测定肿瘤的物理指标以及免疫组化实验。结果　①实验组人IgG抗体阳性率 90 .0 % (18/ 2 0 ) ,CD4 5为 (49.79± 39.18) % ;CD3为 (42 .2 7± 36 .37) % ;CD19为 (9.2 8±7.4 6 ) % ,对照组人IgG抗体、人CD4 5、CD3及CD19均为阴性 ;②T1和T2组病毒特异性IgG抗体均为阳性、人IFN γ的含量和T淋巴细胞增殖实验 ,病毒特异性蛋白刺激组均高于非刺激组 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,C1和C2组病毒特异性IgG抗体为阴性、人IFN γ的含量及T淋巴细胞增殖均为阴性 ;肿瘤形成率 :T1和T2组分别为 0和 70 .0 % (7/ 10 ) ,而C1和C2组均为 10 0 % ;肿瘤大小 :T2组在 4周末时为 (4.35 5±0 .387)mm3 ,8周末为 (10 2 8± 90 .96 )mm3 ,C2组在 4周末时为 (32 .75± 6 .717)mm3     

脂蛋白(α)单克隆抗体对抗原决定簇的测定及应用研究

应田淋巴细胞杂交瘤技术,建立了4株抗人血清脂蛋白(α)(LP(a))杂交瘤细胞株(BH6、BH7、BH11和BH21),并以制备的单克隆抗体(McAb)对其抗原决定簇及免疫学特性进行了分析。Ig亚类测定:BH6为IgG1,BH7、BH11和BH21均为IgG2a,腹水效价为1×10~(-7)。特异性测定:LP(α)McAb与载脂蛋白(apo)AⅠ、AⅡ、B、CⅠ、CⅡ、CⅢ、E,人血清白蛋白,纤维蛋白溶酶原(pg)没有交叉反应。单抗相加试验和双抗体竞争试验结果证实,BH6和BH21为识别LP(α)上同一抗原决定簇的McAb;BH7和BH11则为针对LP(α)上另一抗原决定簇的McAb。分别利用单株和混合株McAb标记酶建立了可应用于人血清LP(α)含量测定的ELISA双抗体夹心法。     

Schizophrenia in a North Swedish geographical isolate, 1900–1977. Epidemiology, genetics and biochemistry

Over 200 schizophrenic patients belonging to three major and interrelated pedigree complexes have been investigated over the past 30 years in a North Swedish geographically isolated population, presently numbering about 6,000. An intensive investigation of a number of biochemical correlates and genetic markers in a few selected families belonging to one of the major pedigrees has indicated new strategies for the current research program.
Schizophrenia, as defined operationally, is significantly associated with decreased activities of two enzymes (1) blood platelet monoamine oxidase, (2) plasma dopamine-β-hydroxylase, and (3) with the genetic marker Gc² (group specific antigen). Both enzymes are subject to genetic variation. A positive score for linkage between schizophrenia and low plasma DBH activity has been calculated, but, so far, available data are insufficient for discrimination between linkage and partial contribution of genetically controlled low plasma DBH to the pathogenesis of the disease. Alternatively, both mechanisms could be involved.
As a model for continued research, schizophrenia is explained as based on a double dominant-recessive genotype (Aabb), representing a vulnerability which in about 50 % of cases develops into clinical schizophrenia. It is suggested that the dominant mutation (A) operates on or affects MAO activity, and that the recessive genotype (bb) is instrumental in low variates of DBH activity and very likely such variates within the normal range of physiological variation. Moreover, it is suggested that the combined effects of MAO- and DBH-reduced efficiency on the metabolism of e.g. dopamine could be an essential pathogenic mechanism for the schizophrenic illness which is segregating in this population.     

The dominant diseases of modernized societies as omega-3 essential fatty acid deficiency syndrome: Substrate beriberi

About 1900, modern food selection and processing caused widespread $\text{epidemics}$ of the B vitamin deficiency diseases of beriberi and pellagra which, for genetic reasons, often expressed as different diseases ranging from bowel and heart disease to dermatoses and psychoses. But the B vitamins merely help convert essential fatty acids (EFA) into the prostaglandin (PG) tissue regulators and it now turns out that, through hydrogenation, milling and selection of w3-poor southern foods, we have also been systematically depleting, by as much as 90%, a newly discovered trace Nordic EFA (w3) of special importance to primates and sole precursor of the PG3(4) series, even as a concurrent fiber deficiency increases body demand for EFA. Since substrate EFA is processed by many B vitamin catalysts, an EFA deficiency will mimic a $\text{panh}$ypovitaminosis B, i.e., a mixture of $\text{substrate}$ beriberi and $\text{substrate}$ pellagra resembling vitamin beriberi and pellagra but exhibiting as even more diverse $\text{endemic}$ disease. This would consitute a second stage of the Modern Malnutrition and explain why some workers now hold the dominant diseases of modermized societies to be new, nutritionally based, pellagraform yet lipid-related and to range, once again, from heart disease to psychosis. It is an assumption that our dominant diseases are unrelated to each other or are merely revealed by our diagnostic acumen and therapeutic success; and that hydrogenating millions of tons of food oils annually, to destroy the rancidity producing w3-EFA, is safe for $\text{primates}$. Extensive beriberiform disease is reported here in 32 typical cases taken from medical practice which responds strikingly to linseed oil supplements (60% w3-EFA) in confirmation of identical results in Capuchins.     

The universal muscular chain reaction,muscle spasm,Torsions, ruptures and extravasations. Chameleons of pathology and some manifestations of simple muscular disorders

Most bodily functions require the coordinated actions of complementary and supplementary paired muscle groups. Where this essential muscular cooperation is lacking, hollow organs may burst and others become literally screwed up, giving rise to many similar spastic diseases such as Torticollis, Twisted ovarian cyst, Torsion of the Testis, Volvulus of the intestines, Varicose Veins, Megacolon, Aortamegaly, Scoliosis, Erb's Palsy, Peyronie's Disease, Main-en-Griffe, Undescended Foot (Pes Cavus), Talipes, Strabismus. Spasm is “panenepidemic” and unclassified examples of Torsion Dystonia and Dyskinesia really are as common as debt and taxes.     

'Very sore nights and days': the child's experience of illness in early modern England, c.1580-1720

Sick children were ubiquitous in early modern England, and yet they have received very little attention from historians. Taking the elusive perspective of the child, this article explores the physical, emotional, and spiritual experience of illness in England between approximately 1580 and 1720. What was it like being ill and suffering pain? How did the young respond emotionally to the anticipation of death? It is argued that children’s experiences were characterised by profound ambivalence: illness could be terrifying and distressing, but also a source of emotional and spiritual fulfilment and joy. This interpretation challenges the common assumption amongst medical historians that the experiences of early modern patients were utterly miserable. It also sheds light on children’s emotional feelings for their parents, a subject often overlooked in the historiography of childhood. The primary sources used in this article include diaries, autobiographies, letters, the biographies of pious children, printed possession cases, doctors’ casebooks, and theological treatises concerning the afterlife.     

Guidelines for the Validation and Use of Immunoassays for Determination of Introduced Proteins in Biotechnology Enhanced Crops and Derived Food Ingredients

Recent advancements in agricultural biotechnology have created a need for analytical techniques to determine introduced proteins in crops enhanced through modern biotechnology techniques. These proteins are expressed in plant tissues and may be present in food ingredients. Immunoassays are ideally suited for protein detection and may be used as both quantitative and threshold methods. Microplate ELISA and lateral flow devices are two of the most commonly used immunoassay formats for agricultural biotechnology applications. This paper provides general background information and a discussion of criteria for the validation and application of immunochemical methods to the analysis of proteins introduced into plants and food ingredients using biotechnology methods. It is the result of a collaborative effort of members of the Analytical Environmental Immunochemical Consortium. This collaborative effort represents the combined expertise of several organizations to reach consensus on establishing guidelines for the validation and use of immunoassays. Further, the paper offers developers and users a consistent approach to adopting the technology as well as aid in producing accurate and meaningful results.     

Ultracryotomy: development and application (with examples from the yeast cytology) (author's transl)

The preparation steps usually necessary for obtaining ultrathin frozen sections of biological material (chemical prefixation, enclosing, cryoprotective treatment, freezing, sectioning, and post-staining the sections for transmission electron microscopy) are submitted to a critical analysis. The application of cryo-ultramicrotomy, in particularly for cytochemical purposes, is reviewed. Fundamental considerations of chemical prefixation and poststaining are supported by examples from yeast cytology. Furthermore, the efficiency of the cryo-ultramicrotomy (electron optical resolution of ultrastructural details) is demonstrated on yeast cells and protoplasts.     

Hypo- und Hypermagnesämie aus kardiologischer Sicht

Zusammenfassung Eine Reihe pathologischer Zustände bedingen Magnesiummangel. Zustände mit Hypermagnesämie sind ebenfalls bekannt, doch wesentlich seltener. Für den Kardiologen beachtenswert ist, daß unter Therapie mit bestimmten Diuretica bei Herzinsuffizienz, bei Herzinfarkt, Kardiomyopathie, Digitalisintoxikation und bestimmten Herzrhythmusstörungen Hypomagnesämie beobachtet wurde. Leider kann in der klinischen Routine nur ein extracelluläres Magnesiumdefizit durch Serumbestimmungen gemessen werden; über Magnesiummangel einzelner Organe kann nichts ausgesagt werden. Hinweise für Magnesiummangel geben aber neben der Messung des Serumspiegels Anamnese, klinischer Befund, bestimmte EKG-Veränderungen wie auch evtl. Hypokalämie, ein Zustand, bei dem sich oft — besonders bei Aldosteronismus — parallele Veränderungen zeigten.Tierexperimente deuten darauf hin, daß infarktähnliche Läsionen unter Magnesiummangel entstehen, doch ob Herzinfarkt beim Menschen durch Magnesiummangel ausgelöst werden kann, ist noch ungeklärt. In Leichenherzen zeigte sich im Infarktgebiet neben Calciumakkumulation signifikanter Magnesiumverlust, wobei unklar blieb, ob sich Ursache oder Folge des Infarktes widerspiegelten. Falls ein ursächlicher Zusammenhang besteht, ist er im Myokardstoffwechsel selbst zu suchen, wie bei der Alkoholkardiomyopathie, wo myokardialer Magnesiummangel zumindest als pathogenetischer Teilfaktor anerkannt wird. Andererseits versucht man aber auch Beziehungen zwischen Atherosklerose, Blutgerinnung und Hypomagnesämie herzustellen, in der Meinung, daß Magnesiummangel auch über den coronaren Pathomechanismus des Herzinfarktes wirken könnte. Sicher scheint, daß gewisse EKG-Veränderungen und Herzrhythmusstörungen durch einen irritierten Magnesiumhaushalt bedingt sein können, da sie bei Gabe bzw. Entzug von Magnesium verschwinden. Daß Magnesiummangel die Glykosidtoleranz verringert, wird tierexperimentell bestätigt. Unter Hypomagnesämie bewirkt Acetylstrophanthidin eher und länger Rhythmusstörungen als ohne, außerdem lassen diese sich durch Magnesiumgaben eliminieren. Da in gewissen Fällen spontane und digitalisinduzierte Herzrythmusstörungen durch Magnesiuminjektionen beseitigt wurden, scheint Magnesium als Therapeuticum angebracht. Einsatz verschiedener Magnesiumsalze bei Angina pectoris, degenerativen Herzerkrankungen und Herzinsuffizienz ohne geprüften und offensichtlich gestörten Magnesiumhaushalt ist fragwürdig, weil keine eindeutigen klinischen Erfolgsbeweise vorliegen. Immerhin mag es aber larvierte, durch Serumbestimmungen nicht erfaßbare Mangelzustände geben. Allgemein erscheint es aus kardiologischer Sicht ratsam, den Magnesiumhaushalt zu überwachen und in entsprechenden Fällen auszugleichen, um möglichen Myokardläsionen oder fatalen Herzrhythmusstörungen entgegenzuwirken.     

Renal dysplasia and asplenia in two sibs

A family is reported in which two sibs, one male and the other female, both died within 24 hours of birth with enlarged polycystic kidneys. Postmortem histology in the second child showed gross renal dysplasia. In both children the pancreas was enlarged, nodular and cystic but the liver appeared macroscopically normal. In the second child, histological examination confirmed pancreatic fibrosis with cystic dilation of ducts, but showed portal fibrosis with bile duct proliferation in the liver.
This combination of findings is very reminiscent of those in a girl and her brother reported by Ivemark et al. (1959). The children reported here also showed absence or hypoplasia of the spleen, cardiac anomalies and other features of the Ivemark syndrome (Ivemark 1955), a quite different, usually sporadic, congenital disorder. It is suggested that the children described here have a distinct lethal congenital disorder, probably inherited in an autosomal recessive manner.     

HLA in North Colombia Chimila Amerindians

HLA-A,-B,-C,-DRB1 and -DQB1 alleles have been studied in Chimila Amerindians from Sabana de San Angel (North Colombian Coast) by using high resolution molecular typing. A frequent extended haplotype was found:HLA-A*24:02-B*51:10-C*15:02-BRB1*04:07-DQB1*03:02 (28.7%) which has also been described in Amerinndian Mayos Mexican population (Mexico, California Gulf, Pacific Ocean). Other haplotypes had already been found in Amerindians from Mexico (Pacific and Atlantic Coast), Peru (highlands and Amazon Basin), Bolivia and North USA. A geographic pattern according to HLA allele or haplotype frequencies is lacking in Amerindians, as already known. Also, five new extended haplotypes were found in Chimila Amerindians. Their HLA-A*24:02 high frequencies characteristic is shared with aboriginal populations of Taiwan; also, HLA-C*01:02 high frequencies are found in New Zealand Maoris, New Caledonians and Kimberly Aborigines from Australia. Finally, this study may show a model of evolutionary factors acting and rising one HLA allele frequency (-A*24:02), but not in others that belong to the same or different HLA loci.