Parental-caregiver perceptions of child oral health-related quality of life (P-CPQ): Psychometric properties for the peruvian spanish language

Objectives: The aim of the study was to cross-culturally adapt the Parental-Caregiver Perceptions Questionnaire (P-CPQ) to the Peruvian Spanish language and assess its reliability and validity. Study Design: To translate and cross-cultural adapt the instrument, 60 parents answered the P-CPQ in two pilot tests. The final version of the P-CPQ was evaluated in 200 parents of children aged 11 to 14 years, who were clinically examined for dental caries. The internal consistency was assessed by Cronbach’s alpha coefficient while repeat administration of the P-CPQ on the same 200 children facilitated the test-retest reliability via intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Construct and discriminant validity were based on associations of the P-CPQ with global ratings of oral health and clinical groups, respectively. Results: The mean (standard deviation) P-CPQ score was 15.64 (11.89). Internal consistency was confirmed by a Cronbach’s alpha of 0.84. Test-retest reliability revealed excellent reproducibility (ICC= 0.94). Construct validity was satisfactory, demonstrating significant correlations between global ratings (oral health and overall well-being) and the total scale and for subscale. Discriminant validity was significant (p<0.001), supporting its ability to discriminate between clinical groups. Conclusions: The Peruvian Spanish P-CPQ has satisfactory psychometric properties to assess parental-caregivers perceptions on their children’s oral health-related quality of life. Key words:Quality of life, oral health, children, validity, reliability.     

Validation of the Child Perceptions Questionnaire (CPQ 11-14)

While the use of adult oral-health-related quality-of-life (OHRQoL) measures in supplementing clinical indicators has increased, that for children has lagged behind, because of the difficulties of developing and validating such measures for children. This study examined the construct validity of the Child Perceptions Questionnaire (CPQ(11-14)) in a random sample of 12- and 13-year-old New Zealanders. It was hypothesized that children with more severe malocclusions or greater caries experience would have higher overall (and subscale domain) CPQ(11-14) scores. Children (N = 430) completed the CPQ(11-14) and were examined for malocclusion (Dental Aesthetic Index) and dental caries. There was a distinct gradient in mean CPQ(11-14) scores by malocclusion severity, but there were differences across the four subscales. Children in the worst 25% of the DMFS distribution had higher CPQ(11-14) scores overall and for each of the 4 subscales. The construct validity of the CPQ(11-14) appears to be acceptable.     

The German version of the Child Perceptions Questionnaire (CPQ-G11-14): translation process, reliability, and validity in the general population

The aims of this study were to develop a German version of the Child Perceptions Questionnaire (CPQ11-14, a measure of oral health-related quality of life in 11–14-year-old children) and to assess the instrument’s reliability and validity in German children ages 11–14. The English original version of the CPQ11-14 questionnaire was translated into German (CPQ-G11-14) by a forward–backward translation method. Reliability was investigated in 1,061 subjects aged 11–14 years from a regional sample (Wernigerode, Saxonia-Anhalt, Germany) who were recruited during the annual dental public health examination. The subjects completed the CPQ-G11-14 and were clinically examined for the presence of dental caries, plaque accumulation, and malocclusion. In the reliability assessment, questionnaire summary score test–retest reliability was excellent (intraclass correlation coefficient, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.83, 0.73–0.94) and internal consistency was satisfactory (Cronbach’s alpha, lower limit of CI = 0.87, 0.86). Validity of the CPQ-G11-14 questionnaire was supported by correlations with global ratings of oral health and overall well-being that were moderate in magnitude and met expectations (r = 0.35; 95% CI, 0.30–0.40 and r = 0.30; 95% CI, 0.24–0.35, respectively). In conclusion, the German version of the CPQ11-14 was reliable and valid in a general population of 11–14-year-old German children.     

中文版儿童感知问卷的信度检验

目的：建立儿童感知问卷（Child Perceptional Questionnaire-CPQ）中文版,并分析其信度、效度。方法：按量表翻译程序将问卷翻译成中文,在寻求正畸治疗的患者中选择541名11~14岁的儿童,要求其完成CPQ11-14问卷。随机选择54名患者2周后重填问卷。结果：Cronbach＇sα系数在0.68-0.89间,重测信度ICC值在0.64~0.88间。自我认为需要接受正畸治疗CPQ11-14分数显著高于认为自己不需要接受正畸治疗的个体;认为牙齿对生活质量没有影响的个体的CPQ11-14均数也显著低于认为对生活有影响的个体。结论：中文版的CPQ11-14问卷具有较好的效度和信度,能用于研究儿童与口腔健康相关的生活质量。     

儿童口腔健康影响程度量表的研制

目的评价儿童口腔健康影响程度量表（CPQ11- 14）中文版的信度和效度,探讨其在中国儿童中应用的可行性。方法对CPQ11- 14进行翻译、回译、文化调适和改造,建立儿童口腔健康影响程度量表中文版。使用该量表和口腔健康自我评价表对南宁市218名11～14岁中、小学生进行口腔健康检查和口腔健康相关生存质量调查,考评量表的信度和效度。结果口腔健康影响程度量表的重测信度系数为0.82（P<0.001）,内部一致性Cronbach′s α系数为0.79。通过因子分析提取的5个因子显示,口腔健康影响程度量表存在预想的连带关系和逻辑关系。量表得分与自我评价的口腔健康状态、自我感觉口腔健康对生活质量的影响间有明显相关性,其相关系数分别为- 0.33和0.50（P<0.000 5）。量表得分与龋失补牙指数呈明显正相关（P<0.001）,与中学组错畸形情况（美牙指数）也呈正相关（P<0.05）。结论本量表具有良好的信度和效度,为在中国进一步推广应用提供了理论依据。     

An evaluation of the Child Perceptions Questionnaire in the UK

OBJECTIVE: To assess the reliability and validity of the Child Perceptions Questionnaire (CPQ11-14), an oral health related quality of life measure for 11-14 year old children, for use in the UK. BASIC RESEARCH DESIGN: Cross-sectional questionnaire and clinical analytical study. CLINICAL SETTING: Orthodontic and paediatric dentistry clinics at a dental hospital and one general dental practice. PARTICIPANTS: Eighty-nine children between 11 and 14 years of age attending for an examination. MAIN OUTCOMES MEASURES: The children were invited to complete the CPQ11-14, global oral health and impact on life overall ratings. Clinical data on caries status, malocclusion and presence of dental opacities and gingivitis were collected. CPQ11-14 was summarised as the total score (sum of the item codes) and the number of impacts reported often or every day. RESULTS: The Cronbach's alpha for the total scale was 0.87 and ranged from 0.59 to 0.83 for the subscales indicating acceptable internal consistency. The intraclass correlation coefficient on repeated application of the measure was 0.83 (95% CI = 0.76-0.90) suggesting almost perfect agreement. Summary measures of CPQ11-14 correlated with the global oral health rating indicating acceptable criterion validity. Impact on life overall was related to all summary measures of CPQ11-14. Number of impacts correlated with the total number of missing teeth and missing teeth due to caries. No other relationships between clinical and CPQ11-14 data were apparent. CONCLUSION: The CPQ11-14 shows acceptable reliability, criterion and construct validity in relation to life overall. Relationships with clinical data were more tenuous. If this measure is to be used to compare the impacts of oral diseases in similar settings in the UK a large sample will be required.     

Validity and reliability of the Swedish versions of the short-form Child Perceptions Questionnaire 11–14 and Parental Perceptions Questionnaire

Objective: To examine the validity and reliability of the Swedish versions of the short-form Child Perceptions Questionnaire 11–14 (CPQ_11–14) and Parental Perceptions Questionnaire (P-CPQ) for measuring children’s oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL).

Material and methods: The sample comprised 247 children and parents. OHRQoL was assessed by asking each child and their accompanying parent to complete the relevant questionnaire. To allow test–retest analysis, 30 children and 32 parents were asked to complete the instrument a second time within 2–4 weeks.

Results: In terms of construct validity, significant correlations were observed between CPQ scale scores and the global ratings of oral health and overall well-being for both the CPQ_11–14 and the P-CPQ. Regarding internal consistency, Cronbach’s alphas for the total scales were 0.81 and 0.77, respectively, indicating good reliability, and internal consistency for the subscales (two or four dimensions) was acceptable. Test–retest reliability was good for the CPQ_11–14 total scale (ICC 0.77) and acceptable for the P-CPQ total scale (ICC 0.63).

Conclusions: The Swedish versions of the short-form CPQ_11–14 and P-CPQ are both valid and reliable, and can be recommended for use among Swedish children aged 11–14 years for evaluation of OHRQoL.     

Validity and reliability of the Arabic translation of the child oral-health-related quality of life questionnaire (CPQ11-14) in Saudi Arabia

AIM: The purpose of this study was to test the validity and reliability of an Arabic translation and adaptation of the child oral-health-related quality of life questionnaire (CPQ(11-14)) in Saudi Arabia. DESIGN: The modified questionnaire included two global ratings (oral health and oral-health-related well-being), and a battery of 36 questions in four domains (oral symptoms, functional limitations, emotional well-being and social well-being). The study population consisted of 174, 11-14-year-old children (65% healthy and 35% medically compromised). Clinical data on caries status and malocclusion were collected for 138 of the children, and 47 completed the questionnaire a second time. RESULTS: There was a significant difference in mean total scale scores between children with and without malocclusions (P < 0.05). Significant relationships were identified between caries status and oral symptoms subscale scores, and between malocclusion and total scale and social well-being subscale scores (P < 0.05). Correlation was highly significant between scale scores and global ratings (P < 0.01). Cronbach's alpha was 0.81 and the test-retest reliability was substantial (r = 0.65, P < 0.001). However, problems were encountered in Saudi Arabia regarding self-reporting of age, and the questionnaire was too long for many of the medically compromised patients. CONCLUSIONS: The questionnaire is valid and reliable for use in Saudi Arabia, although development of a shorter version is recommended.     

Health-related quality of life of children aged 11 to 14 years with orofacial conditions.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of 11- to 14-year-old children with orofacial conditions. DESIGN: Thirty-nine patients with orofacial conditions were compared with 32 patients with dental caries. OUTCOME MEASURE: The multidimensional 37-item Child Perceptions Questionnaire for 11- to 14-year-old children (CPQ(11-14)). This forms one component of the Child Oral Health Quality of Life Questionnaire. RESULTS: The orofacial group had slightly higher scores on the CPQ(11-14) than the dental group (p < .05). The scores were slightly to moderately higher on the functional limitations (p < .01) and social well-being (p < .01) domains. The groups did not differ with respect to oral symptoms or emotional well-being. Mouth breathing, problems with speech, missing school, being teased, and being asked questions about their condition were the only issues reported more frequently by the orofacial group (p < .01). There was no evidence of social inhibition or withdrawal in the orofacial group. The children with orofacial conditions rated their oral health better than the children with dental decay (p < .05). In both groups, the majority of children reported that their condition had little impact on their life overall. CONCLUSIONS: Based on CPQ(11-14) scores, there were few differences in the HRQoL of 11- to 14-year-old children with orofacial conditions, compared with children with dental caries. This suggests that the majority of these children are well adjusted and able to cope with the adversities they experience as a result of their conditions. This may reflect the quality of the team approach used at the treatment setting at which they were recruited.     

Subjective impacts of dental caries and fluorosis in rural Ugandan children

OBJECTIVE: Describe the oral health related quality of life among a group of children in rural Uganda and compare impacts on oral health related quality of life associated with dental caries and fluorosis. BASIC RESEARCH DESIGN: Cross-sectional clinical and questionnaire analytical study. PARTICIPANTS: Proportional sample of 174 12 year olds attending primary schools in a rural sub-county of Uganda. OUTCOME MEASURES: Clinical assessments using WHO basic methods and the Thylstrup and Fejerskov index of Fluorosis (TFI). Child Oral Health Related Quality of Life data collected with self-administered child perception questionnaire (CPQ11-14). RESULTS: Two thirds of children reported a dental impact 'often' or 'everyday'. The mean number of impacts per child at this threshold was 2.6 and the mean total CPQ11-14 score was 25.8 (sd 21.1). Mean DMFT was 0.68. No children had fillings. Forty-one children had dental fluorosis with 10 having scores greater than 2. CPQ11-14 showed acceptable criterion validity and reliability. The number of sites with gingivitis or the presence of calculus or trauma were not associated with summary measures of CPQ11-14 whereas having any dental caries or treatment experience was associated with higher total scores and more impacts. Socially noticeable fluorosis (TFI >2) was associated with more impacts but not with higher total scores. CONCLUSIONS: Despite low levels of oral disease these children experience appreciable impacts on oral health related quality of life. The greatest burden was associated with dental caries and to a lesser extent, fluorosis.     

Evaluation of a quality of life measure for children with malocclusion

OBJECTIVE: To explore the validity and reliability of the child perception questionnaire as an oral-health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) measure in adolescents with malocclusion. DESIGN: A cross-sectional study comparing two groups of individuals. SETTING: One group of children with malocclusion was recruited from the orthodontic departments at the Charles Clifford Dental Hospital (CCDH), Sheffield and Chesterfield Royal Hospital (CRH), Chesterfield. A second group with no malocclusion was recruited from the Paediatric Department at CCDH and one General Dental Practice in Sheffield. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: The malocclusion group consisted of 116 patients aged 11-14 years about to commence orthodontic treatment. The non-malocclusion group consisted of 31 11-14-year-old patients with index of orthodontic treatment need (IOTN) 1 and 2, and DMFT 相似文献   

乌鲁木齐市11～14岁儿童口腔健康相关生活质量的测定

目的 建立11~14岁儿童口腔健康问卷(The Child Perceptions Questionnair11~14,CPQ11~14)的中文版,测定其信度、效度等心理测量学特性,为其在中国适龄儿童中的推广使用提供理论依据。方法 通过对CPQ11~14英文版的翻译、回译、文化调适,制定出CPQ11~14的中文版。采用整群分层抽样方法随机抽取乌鲁木齐市11~14岁在校学生377人,对其进行中文版CPQ11~14问卷的调查,同时作口腔检查。结果 量表平均得分为8.93±5.65,口腔症状分项得分最高,社交分项得分最低。该量表的Cronbach′sα系数为0.75,所有条目删除后,Cronbach′sα系数均不增加。重测信度系数为0.75。因子分析法显示量表具有较好的结构效度。CPQ11~14得分与口腔健康状况及DMFT之间有明显相关性,提示该量表具有良好的区分效度。结论 本研究显示CPQ11~14中文版具有良好的信度与效度,中文版适用于乌鲁木齐市11~14岁儿童。     

A randomised control trial of the effectiveness of personalised letters sent subsequent to school dental inspections in increasing registration in unregistered children

Background

The Child Perceptions Questionnaires (CPQ_8–10 and CPQ_11–14) are indicators of child oral health-related quality of life. The aim of this study was to assess the validity and reliability of the self-applied CPQ_8–10 and CPQ_11–14 in Brazilian children, after translations and cultural adaptations in the Brazilian Portuguese language.

Methods

Schoolchildren were recruited from general populations for pre-testing (n = 80), validity (n = 210), and test-retest reliability (n = 50) studies. They were also examined for dental caries, gingivitis, fluorosis, and malocclusion.

Results

Children with greater dental caries experience in primary dentition had higher impacts on CPQ domains. Girls had higher scores for CPQ_8–10 domains than boys. Mean CPQ_11–14 scores were highest for 11-year-old children and lowest for 14-year-old children. Construct validity was supported by significant associations between the CPQ_8–10 and CPQ_11–14 scores and the global rating of oral health (r = 0.38, r = 0.43) and overall well-being (r = 0.39, r = 0.60), respectively. The Cronbach's alpha was 0.95 for both questionnaires. The test-retest reliabilities of the overall CPQ_8–10 and CPQ_11–14 scores were both excellent (ICC = 0.96, ICC = 0.92).

Conclusion

The Brazilian Portuguese version of CPQ_8–10 and CPQ_11–14 was valuable and reliable for use in the Brazilian child population, although discriminant validity was sporadic due to the fact that impacts are mediated by others factors, such personal, social, and environmental variables.     

Validation of the chinese version of the oral health impact profile for TMDs (OHIP- TMDs-C)

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the reliability and validity of the the Chinese version of the Oral Health Impact Profile for TMDs (OHIP-TMDs-C). Study Design: The OHIP-TMDs was initially translated and cross-culturally adapted to Chinese following international guidelines; then subsequently validated for the psychometric characteristics of reliability and validity. In total, 156 participants with temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) were recruited to complete the questionnaire. The reliability of the OHIP-TMDs-C was evaluated using internal consistency and test-retest methods. The validity of the OHIP-TMDs-C was analysed by construct validity and convergent validity. Construct validity was determined based on factor analysis, and convergent validity by analyzing the correlation between OHIP-TMDs-C subscale scores and the global rating of oral health question. Results: Cronbach’s alpha value (internal reliability) for the total OHIP-TMDs-C score was 0.917 and the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) value (test–retest reliability) was 0.899. Construct validity was determined by factor analysis, extracting five factors, accounting for 78.6% of the variance. All items had factor loadings above 0.40. In terms of convergent validity, the OHIP-TMDs-C subscale was significant correlated to the global oral health rating. Conclusions: The results suggest that the OHIP-TMDs-C has good reliability and validity and thus may be used as a valuable instrument for patients with TMDs in China. Key words:Validation, TMDs, quality of life, questionnaire.     

Oral health-related quality of life of children by dental caries and fluorosis experience

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) of children by dental caries and fluorosis status. METHODS: A random sample of South Australian 8- to 13-year-old children was selected. Caries data were collected from school dental service records to group children by combined deciduous and permanent tooth caries experience. Children were examined for fluorosis using the Thylstrup and Fejerskov (TF) Index to form groups by fluorosis scores on maxillary central incisors. Occlusal traits were recorded using the Dental Aesthetic Index. Children and their parents completed the Child Perception Questionnaire (CPQ) and the Parental Perception Questionnaire (PPQ) and a global rating of oral health (OH). OHRQoL indicators, rating OH as Excellent/Very good, and mean overall CPQ/PPQ scores were compared between groups by fluorosis scores and caries experience. Multivariate models were generated for both OH and CPQ/PPQ indicators. RESULTS: Two hundred forty-two children (43.0 percent) had 0 decayed, missing, and filled primary and permanent tooth surface (dmfs/DMFS), while 170 (23.9 percent) had 5+ dmfs/DMFS. The prevalence of TF scores 1, 2, and 3 were 14.5, 9.5, and 1.9 percent, respectively. The proportion of children/parents rating OH as Excellent/Very good was significantly associated with children's caries experience. That proportion increased when fluorosis severity increased from a TF score of 0 to 2, but decreased with a TF of 3. Having low caries experience and better dental appearance were associated with parents' perception of good OH. Having mild fluorosis and more acceptable appearance were significant factors for children's perception of good OH. Caries and malocclusion were associated with lower OHRQoL, while having a TF score of 2 was associated with better OHRQoL in multivariate models for overall CPQ/PPQ scores. CONCLUSION: Caries and less acceptable appearance showed a negative impact, while mild fluorosis had a positive impact on child and parental OHRQoL.     

Validity of Italian version of the Child Perceptions Questionnaire (CPQ<Subscript>11-14</Subscript>)

Background

The Child Perceptions Questionnaire (CPQ_11-14) is the most commonly used indicator of child oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL), and its validity and reliability have been studied both in English and in other linguistic contexts. The aim of this study was to develop a CPQ_11-14 for use in Italy and to test its validity in a random sample of fourteen year-old Italian adolescents.

Methods

Once the CPQ_11-14was translated into Italian and adapted for an Italian public, five hundred sixty-one adolescents were recruited for testing. Parents rated their social status; the children/adolescents were administered the questionnaire and underwent a dental examination during which their dental status was taken and recorded. Cronbach's alpha was used to assess the questionnaire’s internal consistency. Spearman's correlation coefficients were calculated to assess construct validity between the total and subscale scores and the respondents’ global ratings on oral health and well-being. Discriminant validity was analysed using the Kruskal-Wallis or Mann–Whitney tests in groups defined by gender, social position, caries experience and previous or no orthodontic treatment.

Results

The mean score on the CPQ_11-14 was 15.4 (SD=11.9), and the scores on all the domains were found to be highly skewed. Cronbach's alpha ranged from 0.85 to 0.90. The global ratings on oral health and well-being were correlated to the total score and to the sub-scores except for those regarding the functional limitations. There were significant differences in the two genders, in the groups that had already or had not yet undergone orthodontic treatment, and in the social classification groups, while the difference between those who had and those who did not have caries experience did not reach statistical significance.

Conclusions

The Italian version of the CPQ_11-14 appears to be a reliable, valid instrument for Italian children/adolescents.

     

Agreement between mothers and children aged 11-14 years in rating child oral health-related quality of life

OBJECTIVES: To assess the agreement between mothers and children concerning the child's oral health-related quality of life. METHODS: A total of 42 pairs of mothers and children aged 11-14 years with oral and orofacial conditions completed the parental (PPQ) and child (CPQ(11-4)) components of the Child Oral Health Quality of Life Questionnaire. The PPQ and CPQ(11-14) are analogous questionnaires with 31 common items. Agreement between overall and subscale scores derived from the questionnaires were assessed in comparison and in correlation analyses. The former used mean directional differences between mothers and children to assess bias and mean absolute differences to assess agreement at the group level. The latter used intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) to assess agreement at the level of individual mother-child pairs. RESULTS: At the group level, agreement between mothers and children was good. There was little evidence of bias in mothers' reports compared to those of their children. The mean absolute difference in overall scores constituted 9% of the possible range of scores. However, the significance of this difference is difficult to interpret. The ICC for overall scores was 0.70 indicating substantial agreement between mother and child pairs. However, the ICCs for the emotional and social well-being subscales indicated moderate agreement only. There was a suggestion that the level of agreement varied according to the characteristics of the child. CONCLUSION: Although mothers may be used as proxies for their children in some circumstances and for some purposes, the views of both should be obtained in order to fully represent child oral health-related quality of life.     

Changes in parent-assessed oral health-related quality of life among young children following dental treatment under general anaesthetic

Objective: To estimate the nature and magnitude of changes in oral health‐related quality of life (OHRQoL) among children having dental treatment under general anaesthetic (GA) and to examine the evaluative properties of the Child Oral Health‐related Quality of Life Questionnaire (COHQOL^©). Methods: Data from a consecutive clinical sample of the parents/caregivers of children receiving dental treatment under GA at Wellington and Kenepuru Hospitals were collected from parents using the Parental‐Caregivers Perception Questionnaire (P‐CPQ) and the Family Impact Scale (FIS), which both form part of the COHQOL^© Questionnaire. The first questionnaire was completed before treatment or while the participant's child was undergoing treatment. The follow‐up questionnaire was completed 1–4 weeks afterward. Treatment‐associated changes in OHRQoL were determined by comparing baseline and follow‐up data for the mean scores and the prevalence of impacts. The discriminative properties of the instrument were confirmed and then its evaluative properties were assessed (by examining its test–retest reliability, responsiveness and longitudinal construct validity). The minimally important difference was determined for the overall scale and subscales. Results: Complete baseline and follow‐up data were obtained for 202 and 130 participants, respectively (64.4% follow‐up rate). The evaluative properties of the P‐CPQ and FIS were acceptable. There were substantial and highly statistically significant reductions in mean P‐CPQ and FIS scores after treatment, with effect sizes ranging from moderate to large, depending on the subscale being examined. The minimally important difference was shown by almost two‐thirds of the children treated. Conclusion: The provision of dental treatment under GA for young children with severe dental caries experience is associated with substantial and highly significant improvements in both their OHRQoL and in the impact on their families. The P‐CPQ and the FIS show promise as evaluative measures for use in dental health services research.     

Validity and reliability of a questionnaire for measuring child oral-health-related quality of life

Oral-health-related quality of life measures that exist are designed for adults. This study aimed to develop and evaluate the CPQ(11-14), a self-report measure of the impact of oral and oro-facial conditions on 11- to 14-year-old children. An item pool was generated with the use of a literature review and interviews with health professionals, parents, and child patients. The 36 items rated the most frequent and bothersome by 83 children were selected for the CPQ(11-14). Validity testing involved a new sample of 123 children. Test-retest reliability was assessed in a subgroup of these children (n = 65). Mean CPQ(11-14) scores were highest for oro-facial (31.4), lower for orthodontic (24.3), and lowest for pedodontic (23.3) patients. There were significant associations between the CPQ(11-14) score and global ratings of oral health (p < 0.05) and overall well-being (p < 0.01). The Cronbach's alpha and intraclass correlation coefficient for the CPQ(11-14) were 0.91 and 0.90, respectively. These results suggest that the CPQ(11-14) is valid and reliable.     

Back Matter

Abstract

Objective: To explore the validity and reliability of the child perception questionnaire as an oral-health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) measure in adolescents with malocclusion.

Design: A cross-sectional study comparing two groups of individuals.

Setting: One group of children with malocclusion was recruited from the orthodontic departments at the Charles Clifford Dental Hospital (CCDH), Sheffield and Chesterfield Royal Hospital (CRH), Chesterfield. A second group with no malocclusion was recruited from the Paediatric Department at CCDH and one General Dental Practice in Sheffield.

Subjects and methods: The malocclusion group consisted of 116 patients aged 11–14 years about to commence orthodontic treatment. The non-malocclusion group consisted of 31 11–14-year-old patients with index of orthodontic treatment need (IOTN) 1 and 2, and DMFT ≤2, with no history of orthodontic treatment. The children completed the child perception questionnaire (CPQ), including global ratings of oral health and satisfaction. Each child rated their own IOTN aesthetic component (AC) score.

Outcome measures: Total CPQ scores and responses in the four domains. Self-perceived AC scores and responses to global rating of oral health, life overall and satisfaction rating were recorded.

Results: There was a statistically significant difference between the malocclusion and non-malocclusion total CPQ scores (P = 0.012). These differences were significant for the emotional (P = 0.006) and social well-being (P = 0.001) health domains, and not significant for the oral symptoms and functional limitations health domains. There were significant correlations between the total CPQ score and overall well-being (R _s = 0.397) and patient satisfaction (R _s = 0.362).

Conclusions: Malocclusion has a negative impact on the OHRQoL of an adolescent. A shortened version of this form, specifically for prospective orthodontic patients, may be beneficial as an additional measure to assess need for treatment especially as some of the questions in the oral symptoms and functional limitations subscales of the current questionnaire are not relevant to orthodontic patients.