SPF级KM小鼠主要脏器重量和血液生化值的测定

目的：建立本实验动物中心SPF级KM小鼠主要脏器,血液及血生化等指标的背景资料,并分析比较雌雄之间的差异。方法：（1）选取同日龄出生的SPF乳鼠200只,雌雄各半,分别在28、56、114日龄时随机抽取60只（雌雄各半）,活体称重,依次剖取心、肝等主要脏器器官称重,计算脏器系数。（2）同时采集28日龄SPF小鼠60只（雌雄各半）的血液,作血液学和血生化测定。结果：（1）同期雌、雄小鼠的心、肝、肺、肾、胸腺脏器系数差异显著（P〈0．01）;随着日龄增长心、肝、脾、肾、肾上腺和胸腺系数变小,但睾丸、附睾、卵巢和子宫系数增大。（2）28日龄雌、雄小鼠血液学检查表明HCT和PLT有差异（P〈0．05）;血生化检测表明ALT、AST、AKP、GLU、TG之间差异不显著（P〉0．05）,但CRE、TC、BUN结果差异显著（P〈0．01）。结论：性别因素对脏器重量、脏器系数以及血液、血生化指标都有一定的影响。     

全反式维甲酸对生长发育期大鼠实质器官的损伤

目的 探讨体内过量全反式维甲酸（ATRA）对生长发育期SD大鼠的脑、心、肺、肝、肾和脾的影响。方法 以48只3周雄性SD大鼠为实验对象,随机分为对照组和3个实验组,ATRA剂量分别为40、60、80 mg/(kg·d),每组12只,进行连续10 d ATRA灌胃处理,记录SD大鼠每日体重,于灌胃第10天解剖称量各器官的重量以及计算脏器指数,然后对各器官进行HE染色。结果 ATRA灌胃后,与对照组比较,40 mg/(kg·d) ATRA组肾指数升高,体重变化差异无统计学意义;60 mg/(kg·d) ATRA组体重降低,心、肾指数升高,脾脏重量降低;80 mg/(kg·d)ATRA组体重明显降低,脑、心、肾指数升高,脑、脾重量降低;HE染色显示,与对照组比较,ATRA处理组的肺泡壁增厚,肾小管上皮细胞有空泡样改变,脾脏红髓出现较多巨噬细胞,而大脑、肝脏、心肌无明显组织学变化。结论 体内过量全反式维甲酸能够对生长发育期SD大鼠的肺、肾和脾有一定的损伤作用。     

胎儿脏器的重量和体积

依公式测量101例,13～39周药物引产胎儿的心、肺、肝、肾、肾上腺、胸腺和脾的重量及体积.结果是各器官的重量及体积逐月增长,各月生长速度呈快慢交替的波浪式生长规律,第七个月前生长较快.以后减缓,其中以胸腺和脾的增长率最大.     

脏器微血管通透性的测定方法

大鼠颈动脉注射１％荧光素钠（ＦｌＮａ），按不同时间点取心、脑、肝、肾等九个脏器，利用荧光分光光度计测定各脏器组织匀浆液的荧光强度，得到不同脏器中ＦｌＮａ的分布及ＦｌＮａ在不同脏器中随时间的衰减变化趋势，并辅以冰冻切片进行观察。实验发现，不同脏器中ＦｌＮａ的分布极不均匀，以脑为最低，肝、肾为最高，冰冻切片也显示了同样的分布差别。这些结果表明我们所建立的方法可以定量地反映ＦｌＮａ在不同脏器微血管的通透情况     

江西地区150例胎儿几种器官重量的测量

本文在对150例受精龄14—38周引产胎儿的外形测量的基础上,对其体重及七种重要器官的十个项目(心、肝、脾、左右肺、左右肾、左右肾上腺、胸腺)的重量进行了测定。数据输入IBM-PC/XT微型计算机中,用BASIC程序进行了数据处理。对各项指标作了直线,曲线拟合等处理,并建立了胎龄与各测量指标的回归方程。同时。描绘各项的平均数与胎龄之间关系的曲线图。     

国人胚胎期甲状腺、肾上腺、胸腺重量及相对重量的测量

为了观察研究国人甲状腺、肾上腺及胸腺在胚胎期的发育程度,本文取13—42周的新鲜胎儿的甲状腺51例,肾上腺64例、胸腺68例,用精度为0.1g的天平称其重量。以每4周为一组,共分8组或7组(甲状腺7组,肾上腺、胸腺各8组)所得数据经统计学处理,算出各个脏器的组 内平均值(x),标准差(s),标准误(sx),95％可信值范围(x 1.96sx),并将脏器重量比体重乘以100％示脏器相对重量,其结果见表1、2、3。下面仅就各个脏器分述如下。 通过分析甲状腺的重量及相对重量发     

2型糖尿病大鼠应用土鳖虫与黄芪对体液免疫及补体的影响

目的:研究土鳖虫与黄芪合用对 2型糖尿病大鼠体液免疫系统及补体的影响.方法:采用灌胃高脂乳剂加腹腔注射小剂量链脲佐菌素建立大鼠糖尿病动物模型,观察土鳖虫与黄芪合用对实验动物血糖、血脂及免疫指标的影响.造模前后称体重,解剖分离心、肝、脾、肺、肾、胸腺各脏器称重,计算脏器系数.结果:随着糖尿病模型的形成,大鼠的血糖升高,胆固醇、甘油三酯、低密度脂蛋白升高;免疫球蛋白(Ig):IgG含量下降,IgA含量升高,补体(CH50)水平下降,补体C3、C4水平升高.体重下降,心、肝、肺增重,胸腺重量减轻.土鳖虫与黄芪合用能降低糖尿病大鼠的血糖、胆固醇、甘油三酯及低密度脂蛋白,升高高密度脂蛋白,提高IgA含量、补体CH50水平,降低补体C3水平;能改善糖尿病大鼠的体重下降,纠正增重的心脏,缓解脾脏的萎缩,但不能纠正胸腺免疫器官重量的减轻.结论:土鳖虫与黄芪合用能降低2型糖尿病大鼠的血糖,可能与提高IgA含量、补体CH50水平、降低C3水平,对免疫系统及补体系统有一定的免疫调节作用有关.     

胎儿九种脏器固定前后的测量及其相互关系的回归分析

本文对93例受精龄17-38周引产胎儿9种脏器12个项目(心、肝、脾、左右肺、肾、左右肾上腺、子宫及左右卵巢输卵管、左右睾丸、胸腺)固定前、后进行了测量。数据经IBMPC/XT微型计算机处理,建立了测重指标的回归方程,并计算出固定后减重百分率。     

Aβ42及其C端亚单位疫苗接种正常SD大鼠后产生高滴度的抗Aβ42抗体

目的探讨Aβ42及其C端亚单位肽疫苗接种正常成年SD大鼠后能否产生高滴度的抗Aβ42抗体。方法 将Aβ36-42与不同载体偶联制成的亚单位疫苗和Aβ42全肽疫苗分别接种于SD大鼠。用Western blotting方法和间接ELISA法检测其血清和脑匀浆上清液中的抗体的特异性以及滴度，并用HE染色对大鼠的脑、肝、脾和肾进行形态学观察。结果 第2次接种后各实验组的血清均开始有抗Aβ42抗体产生，且抗体滴度随接种次数的增多而增高，第4次接种后各实验组血清的抗Aβ42抗体滴度均达到1：10000以上，同时脑匀浆上清液也检测到低滴度的抗Aβ42抗体；实验鼠的大脑、肝、脾和肾均未发现病理性变化。结论 Aβ42及其亚单位疫苗(Aβ36-42)接种于正常SD大鼠后，均能产生高滴度的抗Aβ42抗体，且重要脏器未发现病理改变。     

雌性去胸腺大鼠及老年大鼠下丘脑LHRH,血浆雌二醇和肝细胞浆雌二醇受体的变化

雌性成年去胸腺大鼠(8月龄;于2月龄时切除胸腺,术后6月处死进行实验)和老年大鼠(24月龄)下丘脑黄体生成素释放因子(LHRN)和血浆雌二醇(E_2)水平降低,肝细胞浆雌二醇受体(E_2-R)与E_2结合的解离常数Kd值是减小趋势,受体浓度有所提高。以上变化均以老年大鼠更明显。推测肝胞浆雌二醇受体的变化可能是由于血浆E_2水平降低引起受体向上调节所致。     

Effect of melatonin on the thymus, adrenal glands, and spleen in rats during acute stress

We studied the effects of acute stress and exogenous melatonin on stress marker organs in rats. Administration of melatonin under normal conditions increased the relative weights of the thymus (active rats) and adrenal glands (active and passive rats). The relative weight of the spleen also tended to increase after melatonin treatment. Stress led to involution of the thymus and hypertrophy of the adrenal glands in active and especially in passive animals receiving physiological saline. Melatonin partially or completely prevented involution of the thymus under stress conditions. Stress had no effect on the relative weight of the adrenal glands in melatonin-treated rats. The relative weight of the spleen in active rats receiving melatonin in doses of 0.5 and 1 mg/kg decreased after stress exposure. Our results suggest that melatonin modulates the hemodynamics and function of stress marker organs. __________ Translated from Byulleten’ Eksperimental’noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 141, No. 3, pp. 263–266, March, 2006     

Effect of crowding on some physiological and behavioral variables in adult male rats

The effect of two population densities on body weight gain, food and water intake and the weight of some organs and glands was studied in adult male rats. Behavioral reactivity to open field was also assessed. Crowded rats (10 animals per cage) showed lower body weight gain than control rats (3 per cage) throughout all the experimental period. Crowding decreased food intake and increased water intake. Any effect of crowding on the weight of thymus, liver and endocrine glands (except testes) was found. Open field defecation and activity were the same in control and crowded rats. Discrepancies from earlier works could likely be due to methodological differences and these are discussed in the text.     

Role of the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nucleus in the effect of melatonin on the thymus, adrenal glands, and spleen in rats

We studied the role of the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nucleus in realization of the effect of melatonin on stress marker organs in rats under normal conditions and during acute stress. Stress induced involution of the thymus in active rats and adrenal gland hypertrophy in active and passive animals. Electrocoagulation of the suprachiasmatic nucleus induced a more pronounced decrease in the weight of the thymus and greater increase in the weight of the adrenal glands. Melatonin administration after electrocoagulation of the suprachiasmatic nucleus had no effect on the relative weight of the thymus, adrenal glands, and spleen in control and stressed animals. The influence of melatonin on the thymus, adrenal glands, and spleen is partly mediated by this structure of the brain. __________ Translated from Byulleten’ Eksperimental’noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 141, No. 4, pp. 364–367, April, 2006     

Irreversibility of Methylandrostenediol-Induced Hypertension in the Rat After Suspension of the Androgen Treatment

Administration of 10 mg of methylandrostenediol for 10 weeks to uninephrectomized, salt drinking, female Sprague Dawley rats caused severe hypertension with extensive renal and cardiovascular damage. The hypertension was accompanied by increased consumption of sodium, high sodium levels in peripheral plasma, decreased weight of the pituitary, thymus, adrenals and ovaries and decreased content of renal renin. Methylandrostenediol treatment also produced impairment of normal adrenal steroidogenesis, reflected in elevated production in vitro of 11-deoxycorticosterone during incubation of adrenal gland homogenates with ¹⁴C-progesterone. Such increased production of deoxycorticosterone is probably responsible for the development of the hypertensive disease. If the methylandrostenediol-treated animals were kept alive for 12 additional weeks after suspension of the treatment with the androgen, the hypertension, as well as the high sodium consumption, high plasma sodium concentrations and low levels of renal renin, persisted to the end of the experiment. The cardiovascular and renal lesions in these animals, killed 12 weeks after suspension of the androgen administration, were similar to those seen in the rats receiving methylandrostenediol but killed at the tenth week of the treatment. Suspension of methylandrostenediol administration, however, resulted in a return to normal weight of the pituitary, thymus, adrenals and ovaries within 12 weeks. Normal amounts of deoxycorticosterone were formed in vitro by the adrenal glands of these rats and the return to normal structure was also confirmed by a electron microscopic study. Thus, contrary to a previous experiment where methylandrostenediol was given for a shorter period of time and the hypertension was reversible, it was shown in this study that metacorticoid hypertension is induced by methylandrostenediol administration, as it is with treatment with deoxycorticosterone. Since adrenal steroidogenesis returned to normal, some other mechanisms must be involved in maintaining the hypertension. It is very likely that these factors are consequent to the extensive and irreversible renal and cardiovascular damage.     

Effects of divided feeding on activity-stress ulcer and the thymus weight in the rat

Rats housed in running-wheel activity cages and fed 1 hr or 2 hr daily exhibited excessive running and subsequently died revealing large stomach ulcers, reduced absolute thymus weight, and an increase in relative weight of adrenal glands. However, two 0.5-hr or two 1-hr daily feedings did significantly reduce ulcer incidence. Control rats for the four feeding schedules did not die, were ulcer free, and did not exhibit the changes in thymus and adrenal weight observed in exprimental rats. These results suggest that the divided daily feeding schedule ameliorates the ulcerogenic and immune processes in activity-stress rats.     

Frequent administration of uric acid extends survival of fasting analbuminemic rats under cold environment

Analbuminemic rats died within 18 h after a rapid decrease of body temperature whereas control Charles River, Wistar, and Sprague Dawley rats survived for 40 h, when the animals were kept at 5 degrees C without food. Five low molecular weight fractions obtained from Sprague Dawley rat sera were administered to analbuminemic rats kept under these conditions. The duration of survival was extended by the administration of two of the fractions. Several characteristics of one of these fractions coincided with those of uric acid, and body temperature of analbuminemic and Sprague Dawley rats increased within 5 min after uric acid administration.     

糖皮质激素致“阳虚”雄性大鼠代谢变化的实验研究

用糖皮质激素制造大鼠“阳虚”模型,以探讨其体内代谢变化。16只3月龄雄性SD大鼠,体重245～347g,随机分为对照组和激素组,后者喂醋酸泼尼松4.5mg/kg,2次/w,持续3个月。结果表明:与对照组比较,激素组体重减少了8.83％;内脏重量减轻,尤以肾上腺和睾丸(分别减少了12.12％和13.66％)为甚;血清生化指标AKP降低了27.63％;胫骨上段骨小梁面积及数量分别减少38％和37％,从而出现骨量丢失。本文初步认为阳虚时会对动物的内脏和生化指标产生影响,并进一步证实了阳虚与骨质疏松有内在联系。     

The effects of graded dietary levels of cholesterol and cholic acid on plasma and hepatic lipids and histopathology of the young male rat

Summary Young male rats were maintained on a basal diet containing 20% coconut oil with cholesterol added at 0, 0.25, 1 or 4% and cholic acid at 0, 0.25 or 0.5% weight. Determinations were made of plasma cholesterol and neutral glyceride levels throughout the regimen. After 10 weeks, the rats were killed and their livers, hearts, testes and adrenal glands were weighed. Histologic preparations were made from sections of livers, hearts and aortae. Analyses were made of liver lipids.A decrease in food intake with concomitant lessening in body weight gain occurred when both cholesterol and cholic acid were added to the diet; simultaneously relative liver and adrenal weights were increased. A definite interaction was observed between the dietary cholesterol and cholic acid as evidenced by a considerable elevation in plasma cholesterol levels which showed a peak of 67–110% above the initial values at the 3rd week. No consistent alteration was seen in plasma neutral glyceride values. Both hepatic cholesterol levels and relative liver weights were increased as a result of feeding cholesterol and cholic acid. Liver cells sustained severe injury from fat infiltration. Myocardial cells, which were little affected from added cholesterol, became somewhat vaeuolated with areas of fiber degeneration when cholic acid was in the diet.Supported in part by Grant-in-Aid from The Nutrition Foundation, Inc.; State of Washington Initiative 171 Funds and USPHS Research Grant HD-02519 from the National Institutes of Health.     

Arthritis Induced by Adjuvant in Spontaneously Hypertensive and Normotensive Rats: Endogenous Glucocorticoid Effects on Inflammatory Response

The present study investigated arthritis induced by complete Freund adjuvant (AIA) in spontaneously hypertensive and normotensive rats (respectively, SHR and NTR rats). The inflammatory reaction was studied for 28 days by evaluating paw edema and secondary lesions found 10 days after complete Freund adjuvant (CFA) administration. The body weight of the animals and macroscopic alterations of several organs, including spleen, thymus, adrenal glands, and lymph nodes, were also analyzed. The results showed that the AIA manifestations were decreased in SHRs compared with NTRs. Moreover, this altered inflammatory response was not modified by surgical adrenalectomy.