共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 78 毫秒
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目的 提高职业性噪声聋的诊断水平,探讨职业性噪声聋的诊断依据。 方法 回顾性分析2007年12月至2014年1月受理的127例申请诊断职业性噪声聋的病例。 结果 127例病例中,1例诊断为职业性重度噪声聋,7例诊断为职业性中度噪声聋,19例诊断为职业性轻度噪声聋,71例诊断为职业性噪声接触观察对象。29例未被诊断为职业性噪声聋的病例中,24例为伪聋或夸大性耳聋,5例为其他疾患。 结论 在职业性噪声聋的诊断过程中,必须高度重视劳动者作业现场职业卫生学调查,并根据纯音听力测试并结合其他客观测听检查结果进行综合分析,才能提高职业性噪声聋诊断的准确性。 相似文献
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目的探讨3种听力检测方法联合应用在职业性噪声聋的诊断过程中的作用。方法2007年11月—2008年11月来深圳市职业病防治院住院申请职业性噪声聋诊断患者共28例,每例患者均行3次纯音听阈测听,2次检测之间间隔3d以上,同时检测听性脑干反应、听性稳态反应1次。综合分析上述检测结果进行职业性噪声聋诊断。结果28例申请职业性噪声聋诊断病例中,经3种方法联合评价后,8例诊断为职业性轻度噪声聋,1例诊断为职业性中度噪声聋,2例诊断为职业性重度噪声聋;17例不能诊断为职业性噪声聋病例中,5例诊断为观察对象,1例诊断为伪聋,3例诊断为夸大聋,剩下9例为其他原因致聋。若单纯使用纯音听阈测试结果评价,至少还有4例可被诊断为不同程度职业性噪声聋。结论3种方法联合评价职业性噪声聋可明显提高职业性噪声聋的诊断准确性,有效排除伪聋及夸大聋。 相似文献
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目的 探讨职业性噪声聋诊断存在问题。 方法 回顾性分析2015年在深圳市职业病防治院申请职业性噪声聋诊断的164例病例资料。 结果 确诊为职业性噪声聋的有60例,确诊率为36.6%。104例未确诊职业性噪声聋的主要原因是:较好耳听阈加权值<26 dB (37/104),噪声作业工龄<3年(29/104),主客观听力检查结果不相符(27/104),双耳高频平均听阈<40 dB (7/104),噪声作业强度<85 dB (A)(4/104)。164例病例中,有149例(90.9%)分别经市、区、街道三级职业健康体检机构报告为"疑似职业性噪声聋",最终经医学观察有55例确诊为职业性噪声聋,职业性噪声聋诊断符合率为36.9%,不同级别职业健康体检机构职业性噪声聋诊断符合率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。 结论 客观听力检查是鉴别夸大聋和伪聋的有效手段;应重视劳动者噪声聋诊断相关知识宣传教育,减少职业健康检查和职业病诊断夸大聋病例出现。 相似文献
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Prevention of occupational asthma--practical implications for occupational physicians 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
BACKGROUND: Occupational factors have been estimated to contribute to approximately 10% of adult-onset asthma and occupational asthma (OA) is one of the most common occupational lung diseases in industrialized areas. Persistent asthma frequently occurs with significant socio-economic impacts. METHODS: A literature search was performed using PubMed. The key term searched was occupational asthma combined with prevention. RESULTS: Primary prevention has been effective for OA related to natural rubber latex, and may have reduced the incidence of diisocyanate-induced asthma. Medical health surveillance has been effective in settings such as the detergent enzyme industry, workers exposed to complex platinum salts and likely for diisocyanate workers in Ontario. Tertiary prevention is still required for workers with OA and can improve prognosis. CONCLUSIONS: OA is potentially preventable. Sufficient studies have demonstrated the rationale and benefit of primary preventive strategies. Medical health surveillance programs combined with occupational hygiene measures and worker education have been associated with improved outcomes but further studies are needed to understand the optimum frequency and measures for such programs and to identify the separate contribution of the components. Until primary and secondary prevention is better understood and implemented, there will also remain a need for tertiary preventive measures. 相似文献
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《Scandinavian journal of occupational therapy》2013,20(5):385-394
Abstract Background: One of occupational therapy's core assumptions is that engagement in occupations influences well-being. Because occupational engagement is integral to human well-being, and because well-being is integral to human rights, this paper contends that the ability and opportunity to engage in occupations is an issue that concerns rights. Aims: To outline well-being and its centrality to human rights; to explore the relationships between well-being and occupation and between well-being and occupational rights; and to highlight the consequent imperative to engage in critical occupational therapy. Key issues: The World Federation of Occupational Therapists asserts that all people have the right to participate in a range of occupations that enable them to flourish, fulfil their potential, and experience satisfaction congruent with their culture and beliefs; and further asserts the human right to equitable access to participation in occupation. Conclusions: If occupational therapists are to take seriously their espoused commitment to enabling equitable access to participation in occupation, the inequitable conditions of people's lives will need to be addressed. Critical occupational therapy is a committed form of practice which acknowledges that well-being cannot be achieved solely by enhancing individuals' abilities, and that consequently endeavours also to address the conditions of people's lives. 相似文献
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Comprehending the principles of finance is paramount to understanding the way an organization chooses to generate and use its financial resources. Financial principles may be employed in the same way a physician reviews fundamental systems to gauge a person s health. Just as basic anatomical and physiological components are used to assess the health of an individual, basic financial elements exist to ascertain the health of an organization. This chapter explains risk assessment, accounts receivable management, inventory, depreciation, capital formation, ratio analysis, and more. 相似文献
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Exposure assessment for occupational epidemiology 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
T J Smith 《American journal of industrial medicine》1987,12(3):249-268
Exposure evaluation for epidemiology has special requirements, which can be derived from the pharmacological processes that determine the exposure-effect relationship. Since environmental concentrations of toxic agents typically are highly variable over time, the tissue concentrations they produce will vary over time, and consequently the level of effects will also vary over time. A general, six-step approach is proposed for developing an exposure assessment for an epidemiologic study. This approach uses pharmacologic models to guide the choice of exposure measurement parameters and to guide the epidemiologic data analysis. The approach is illustrated for evaluations of reversible airway effects of ozone and irreversible pulmonary effects of a mixed silica dust. Effect indices are introduced as a means of quantifying the temporal interrelationships of the exposure profiles and the pharmacologic models. These indices have advantages over both dose indices and simple dose-outcome models. 相似文献
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