妊娠期血小板减少93例临床探讨

目的:探讨妊娠期血小板减少(gestational thrombocytopenia,GT)对母儿的影响、处理以及分娩方式的选择。方法:回顾分析2005年1月至2006年6月93例GT患者的临床资料。结果:GT占妊娠合并血小板减少症的86.9%。血小板计数(31~50)×109/L 8例,占8.6%;(51~99)×109/L 85例,占91.4%。经糖皮质激素治疗3例,均在分娩前施行冲击治疗;4例在剖宫产时输注血小板。阴道分娩21例,剖宫产72例(产科因素剖宫产42例)。产后出血6例。新生儿血小板计数均正常。结论:妊娠期血小板减少母儿预后好,GT在妊娠期不需要治疗,血小板计数<50×109/L者在临近分娩前最好进行激素冲击治疗;GT患者不一定输注血小板。除非伴有临床出血症状,GT孕妇应以产科指征决定分娩方式。     

妊娠合并血小板减少85例临床分析

目的探讨妊娠期血小板减少的原因及对围产结局的影响。方法回顾性分析安徽省立医院2008—2014年间足月分娩的85例妊娠合并血小板减少患者的临床资料,并选取同一时期血小板计数正常的85例妊娠妇女作为对照。结果妊娠合并血小板减少的患者中妊娠期血小板减少症(GT)69例(占81.2%),其中自然分娩58例,剖宫产11例;特发性血小板减少性紫癜(ITP)10例(占11.7%),其中自然分娩3例,剖宫产7例;其他原因引起的血小板减少6例(占7.1%),其中自然分娩2例,剖宫产4例。产后出血GT组4例(5.7%),ITP组4例(40.0%),其他病因组2例(33.3%)。对照组自然分娩70例,剖宫产15例,产后出血1例(1.2%)。结论妊娠合并血小板减少患者的分娩方式取决于血小板水平、原发病的情况及产科因素。严重血小板减少患者剖宫产率及产后出血率增加。     

妊娠合并特发性血小板减少性紫癜92例临床分析

目的探讨妊娠合并特发性血小板减少性紫癜(idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura,ITP) 围产期治疗效果及母儿结局.方法回顾性分析我院1994年10月～2003年10月间妊娠合并ITP患者的临床资料,按照第二届全国血液病学术会议制定的ITP诊断标准.显效血小板计数> 100×109/L,良效血小板计数(50～100)×109/L,进步血小板计数比治疗前略有上升,无效血小板计数无变化.观察ITP患者给予糖皮质激素(泼尼松),丙种球蛋白及(或)血小板悬液治疗后的临床效果及其母儿的围产结局.结果妊娠合并ITP患者92例,同期妊娠分娩数为39 078例,发生率为2.4‰.34例伴有妊娠并发症(34/92,37%),其中妊娠高血压综合征(妊高征)7例,产后出血6例,早产9例,妊娠期糖耐量低减19例,巨大儿10例.阴道分娩20例(20/92,22%),剖宫产分娩72例(72/92,78%),无孕产妇死亡.对其中68例进行了孕期治疗,单纯糖皮质激素治疗26例,糖皮质激素+丙种球蛋白治疗18例,糖皮质激素+丙种球蛋白+血小板悬液治疗24例.68例患者中,显效42例(42/68,62%),良效16例(16/68,24%),进步8例(8/68,12%),无效2例(2/68,3%).92例患者共分娩新生儿94个(其中2例为双胎),均存活,新生儿出生后外周血血小板计数均在正常水平(> 100×109/L),无颅内出血及其他血小板减少或相关疾病.围产儿死亡2个.结论糖皮质激素、丙种球蛋白及血小板悬液是治疗妊娠合并ITP的理想方法,可使患者血小板计数水平升高,产后出血减少,且对母儿围产结局无影响.     

妊娠合并原发性免疫性血小板减少症的诊治

正免疫性血小板减少症(immune thrombocytopenia)在妊娠期血小板减少中占1%～4%,在妊娠中的发生率约1/1000～10000,是导致妊娠期血小板计数(PLT)50×109/L的最常见原因。免疫性血小板减少症可分为原发性免疫性血小板减少症(primary immune thrombocytopenia,ITP)和继发性免疫性血小板减少症。前者既往被称为特发性血小板减少性紫癜,是一种获得性全身免疫性疾病,育龄期女性发病     

妊娠期血小板减少程度对母儿结局的影响

目的 比较妊娠期不同程度血小板减少对母儿结局的影响.方法 回顾性分析2000年1月1日至2010年1月31日本院收治的妊娠期血小板减少病例305例,病因学诊断分别为妊娠期血小板减少症、特发性血小板减少性紫癜及部分病因不明者.根据孕期最低血小板计数分成4组:I组:(50～100) ×109/L;Ⅱ组:(30～50)×109/L;Ⅳ组:(10～30)×109/L;Ⅳ组:＜10×109/L.Ⅰ～Ⅳ组病例数依次为101、85、87和32例.比较各组患者孕期并发症、治疗、新生儿结局和随访情况.应用SPSS 17.0统计软件进行数据处理,采用方差分析、Spearman等级相关分析、卡方检验、趋势卡方分析.结果 305例孕妇并发贫血68例(22.30%),早产40例(13.11%),产后出血60例(19.67%),患病率均随血小板减少程度加重而升高(P均＜0.05),产后24 h内出血量随血小板减少程度加重而增多.孕期并发妊娠期高血压疾病35例(11.48%),糖代谢异常23例(7.54%),各组患病率差异均无统计学意义.产褥感染2例(0.66%),无孕产妇死亡.305例产妇随访血小板恢复者共211例(69.18%),产后半年内母体血小板恢复正常率Ⅰ～Ⅳ组依次为90.59%(77/85)、82.36%(42/51)、46.16%(24/52)和39.13%(9/23),随孕期血小板减少程度加重而恢复率下降(x2趋势=42.616,P趋势=0.000).活产儿301例,胎死宫内5例,早期新生儿死亡4例,新生儿血小板减少18例(5.98%),颅内出血1例.随母体血小板减少程度加重,新生儿血小板减少患病率增高(x2趋势=17.806,P趋势=0.000);16例新生儿血小板减少在出生后3～8周恢复正常,2例随访3年未恢复.结论 随着血小板减少程度加重,母体贫血、早产、产后出血及新生儿血小板减少的患病风险均有增加.严密的围产期保健可改善不同程度血小板减少患者的母儿结局.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the perinatal outcomes of pregnancies complicated with varying degrees of thrombocytopenia.Methods Clinical data of 305 pregnant women with thrombocytopenia,who admitted to Peking University People's Hospital from January 1,2000 to January 31,2010 were retrospectively analyzed.The etiological diagnosis of them were gestational thrombocytopenia (GT),idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) or undetermined.The patients were divided into 4 groups according to the minimal level of platelets in pregnancy ( platelets count was lower than 100 ×109/L at least twice) : groupⅠ,(50-100) ×109/L (n=101) ; group Ⅱ,(30-50) × 109/L (n = 85); group Ⅲ,(10-30) × 109/L (n = 87); group Ⅳ,< 10 × 109/L (n = 32).Demographic data such as pregnancy complications,treatment,neonates and follow-up results of the patients in each group were compared with ANOVA,Spearman rank correlation analysis,Chirsquare test and Chi-square trend test in SPSS 17.0.Results Medical complications in pregnancy of these patients included hypertensive disorder complicating (n = 35,11.48%) and abnormal glucose metabolism (n=23,7.54%),no difference was found in the incidence of these diseases among the four groups.There were 68 patients complicated with anemia (22.30%),40 preterm delivery (13.11%),60 postpartum hemorrhage (19.67%); there were significant differences in the incidence among the four groups (P＜0.05),the incidence increased with the aggravation of thrombocytopenia (P＜0.05).There were 2 cases of puerperal infection (0.66%),no maternal deaths.Fifty-one patients (16.72%) accepted treatment of corticosteroids or Gamma globulin during pregnancy.There were 116 cases (38.03%) of vaginal delivery and 189 cases (61.97%) of cesarean section.The postpartum bleeding amount within 24 hours increased with the aggravation of thrombocytopenia.Two hundred and eleven (69.18%) patients were followed up and platelet count regained normal,among which 152 cases recovered within six months after delivery.The recovery rates were 90.59% (77/85),82.36% (42/51),46.16% (24/52) and 39.13% (9/23) from group Ⅰ to group Ⅳ,as declined with the aggravation of thrombocytopenia in pregnancy ( x2trend = 42.616,Ptrend =0.000).Among the 306 perinatal fetuses,neonatal outcomes included 301 live births,5 fetal deaths,4 early neonatal deaths,4 low birth-weight infants after term birth,1 intracranial hemorrhage and 18 (5.98%) neonatal thrombocytopenia cases.Incidence of neonatal thrombocytopenia increased with the aggravation of maternal thrombocytopenia.Sixteen cases of neonatal thrombocytopenia recovered at 3-8 weeks after birth,but two cases did not recover within three years during followed up.Conclusions The perinatal outcomes are different in pregnancies complicated with varying degrees of thrombocytopenia.As thrombocytopenia in pregnancy become worse,the risk of anemia,premature delivery,postpartum hemorrhage and neonatal thrombocytopenia increases.While,perinatal outcomes may be better under close perinatal care.     

妊娠合并血小板减少208例临床分析

目的:探讨妊娠合并血小板减少的病因及围生期的处理方法。方法:回顾性分析1996年1月至2005年12月收治的妊娠合并血小板减少患者208例临床资料。结果:208例孕妇中妊娠期血小板减少症(PAT)88例(42.31%),特发性血小板减少性紫癜(ITP)58例(27.88%),妊娠期高血压疾病32例(15.38%),系统性红斑狼疮12例(5.77%),再生障碍性贫血(AA)10例(4.81%),妊娠期肝内胆汁淤积症(ICP)2例(0.96%),血栓性血小板减少性紫癜(TTP)2例(0.96%),Evan’s综合征1例(0.48%),病因不明3例(1.44%)。结论:多种原因可引起妊娠期孕妇血小板减少,PAT是最常见类型。血小板<50×109/L,应在术前输注浓缩血小板后行剖宫产;血小板计数>50×109/L的孕妇,如无产科指征,应阴道分娩为主。     

孕产期血小板减少的治疗现状及进展

孕产期血小板减少(pregancy with thrombocytopenia,PT)是由多种内外科合并症和妊娠期并发症所导致的以血小板减少,血小板计数(PLT)<100×10^9/L为病理生理特征,以出血、贫血等为临床表现的妊娠期常见的血液系统合并症之一,会导致围产期母儿死亡率增加。PT主要包括妊娠期血小板减少症(GT)、免疫相关血小板减少症、子痫前期/HELLP综合征以及其他少见疾病.     

免疫性血小板减少症孕妇与新生儿血小板减少症发生的相关因素

目的探讨免疫性血小板减少症(ITP)孕妇与新生儿血小板减少症(PIT)发生的相关因素。方法回顾性分析北京大学人民医院产科2008年1月至2014年11月诊治并分娩的107例(3例双胎)ITP孕妇的临床资料。根据出生后第1~5天新生儿血小板计数,将新生儿分为PIT组(血小板计数100×109/L,22例)和血小板正常组(88例)。比较两组孕妇的临床资料,并对新生儿PIT的发生与孕妇因素进行相关性分析。结果新生儿PIT组与血小板正常组孕妇年龄、ITP确诊孕周、妊娠期高血压疾病、妊娠期糖尿病、妊娠期血小板计数最低值、分娩前血小板计数、妊娠期是否使用激素或丙种球蛋白、分娩孕周及方式比较,差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。多因素非条件logistic回归分析显示,新生儿PIT的发生与孕妇年龄、孕产次、妊娠期血小板计数最低值等因素无明显相关性(P0.05)。22例新生儿PIT中,出生日血小板减低16例(73%),出生后第1~5天6例(27%);出生日出现血小板最低值7例(32%),出生后3日内出现20例(91%)。结论新生儿PIT的发生可能与ITP孕妇年龄、诊断时间、妊娠期血小板水平、妊娠期高血压疾病、妊娠期糖尿病、是否接受治疗及分娩方式无关。但应严密监测新生儿出生当日及5天内血小板水平,及早诊断。     

妊娠期血小板减少76例临床分析

目的　探讨妊娠期血小板减少的原因及临床处理对策。方法　回顾性分析汕头大学医学院第一附属医院 1 993～ 2 0 0 3年间 76例妊娠合并血小板减少患者临床资料。结果　妊娠期血小板减少的患者中 ,72 3%为妊娠期血小板减少症 (gestationalthrombocytopenia ,GT) ,1 4 5 %为妊娠高血压综合征 (PIH) ,特发性血小板减少性紫癜 (ITP)占 9 2 %。其中GT组不需要特别处理 ,PIH组以皮质激素及输血小板为主 ,ITP组以皮质激素或免疫球蛋白 (IVIG)为主。血小板低于 2 0× 1 0 9/L时输注血小板。全部病例无孕产妇死亡及新生儿血小板减少。结论　妊娠期血小板减少原因较多 ,应依据不同病情进行不同处理     

妊娠合并极重度血小板减少26例临床分析

目的 探讨妊娠合并极重度血小板减少患者的病因诊断、临床处理及妊娠结局.方法 回顾性分析2004年1月到2009年3月在北京大学人民医院产科分娩的26例妊娠合并极重度血小板减少患者的临床资料.以孕期至少有2次或2次以上血小板计数<10×109/L为极重度血小板减少诊断标准.进行病因诊断,根据不同病因给予以下临床处理.(1)孕期在无全身自发性出血情况下,维持血小板计数>20×109/L,血红蛋白>70 g/L;(2)血小板<10×109/L或有出血倾向时,输注血小板;红细胞压积(HCT)<25%,血红蛋白<70 g/L时,输注压积红细胞;(3)剖宫产术前或分娩前维持血红蛋白>70 g/L,血小板计数>30×109/L;(4)特发性血小板减少性紫癜(ITP)患者血小板<(20～30)×109/L或有出血倾向时,用泼尼松或联合丙种球蛋白治疗.对于上述治疗无效者,若血小板<10×109/L或有出血倾向时间断输注血小板,无出血倾向者根据孕周严密观察,适时终止妊娠.对患者的一般临床资料、病因诊断、临床处理及妊娠结局进行分析.结果 (1)发病率及发病原因:同期分娩数为9302例,妊娠合并极重度血小板减少患者26例,妊娠合并极重度血小板减少的发生率为0.28%.患者年龄平均29岁.孕前诊断17例,孕期诊断9例.26例患者中,有13例在我院行系统产前检查,初次诊断极重度血小板减少时的平均孕周为24周;无系统产前检查的13例,初次诊断极重度血小板减少时的平均孕周为32周.26例患者中,2例(8%,2/26)病因诊断不明,24例(92%,24/26)病因诊断明确,其中14例(54%,14/26)为ITP,5例为骨髓增生异常综合征(MDS),4例为慢性再生障碍性贫血(CAA),1例为系统性红斑狼疮(SLE).(2)临床处理:所有患者均多次应用血制品.14例ITP患者中6例应用了泼尼松+丙种球蛋白治疗,8例仅应用泼尼松治疗.26例患者中有9例(35%,9/26)出现了妊娠并发症,其中6例(6/9)并发子痫前期,2例发生妊娠期糖尿病,1例为弥漫性肺泡出血.26例患者平均分娩孕周为36周,阴道分娩3例,平均出血量为83 ml;23例剖宫产分娩,平均出血量为410 ml.(3)围产儿结局:26例围产儿中,1例胎死宫内,25例活婴,其中12例为早产儿.平均孕龄36周,平均出生体质量2877 g.2例ITP患者分娩的新生儿出现了重度血小板减少.结论 妊娠合并极重度血小板减少的主要病因是ITP,治疗以泼尼松+丙种球蛋白为主;其次是CAA和MDS,以支持疗法为主.妊娠合并极重度血小板减少并非终止妊娠的绝对指征,可根据不同病因予相应治疗后,在严密的围产期监测下,注意防治妊娠并发症,分娩方式以剖宫产为主,可获得较好的妊娠结局.     

妊娠合并特发性血小板减少性紫癜110例临床分析

目的：探讨妊娠合并特发性血小板减少性紫癜（idiopathic thromboeytopenic purpura,ITP）的诊断、治疗及其对母婴的影响。方法：回顾性分析1997年1月—2011年4月间住院分娩110例妊娠合并ITP患者的临床资料。结果：阴道分娩68例,剖宫产42例。其中发生产后出血3例,无死亡病例。予以单纯糖皮质激素治疗33例,糖皮质激素联合丙种球蛋白治疗25例,糖皮质激素联合丙种球蛋白治疗效果不佳或入院时血小板极低因产科因素需急诊剖宫产予以血小板悬液输注48例。除1例新生儿出生后外周血小板计数＜100×109/L外,其余均在正常水平（＞100×109/L）,无颅内出血及其他血小板减少或相关疾病。结论：妊娠合并ITP时,若处理及时得当,对母婴影响很小。糖皮质激素联合丙种球蛋白为有效的治疗方法,分娩方式由产科情况决定,若无产科指征,以阴道分娩为宜;若治疗无效或血小板水平极低,也可在血源充足时行选择性剖宫产。     

原发免疫性血小板减少症孕妇新生儿发生血小板减少症相关因素分析#br#

Objective?To investigate the maternal and neonatal outcomes of pregnancies with primary immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) and also to identify risk factors that predicts neonatal-thrombocytopenia (NT). Methods?This retrospective study was performed in a single academic center from October 2015 to December 2020. Pregnant women with ITP and their babies were included. Medical records of 111 neonates born from 105 mothers were analyzed. Results?A total of 41 (36.9%) of neonates were thrombocytopenic (<150×109/L) and in 21 (51.2%) platelet count was below 50×109/L, but none of them presented with severe bleeding. The lowest platelet count before and during pregnancy in NT group was lower than control group. However, there was no significant difference in maternal platelet count at the time of delivery and ITP history. Previous delivery history of NT had high predictive value for the possible occurrence of NT in this pregnancy (OR=8.070, 95% CI: 1.686~38.633). Conclusion?Neonates born to mothers with ITP have an increased tendency to develop thrombocytopenia, but the incidence of poor neonatal outcomes is extremely low. The occurrence of NT may be associated with the lowest platelet count before and during pregnancy in ITP pregnant women. The presence of an older sibling with neonatal thrombocytopenia may be a risk factor for neonatal thrombocytopenia in subsequent pregnancies.     

妊娠合并血小板减少61例临床分析

目的 :探讨妊娠合并血小板减少的病因和围产期的处理方法。方法 :回顾分析 6 1例妊娠合并血小板减少患者的临床资料。结果 :6 1例血小板减少的病因为再生障碍性贫血、特发性血小板减少性紫癜 (ITP)、脾功能亢进、系统性红斑狼疮 (SLE)、抗心磷脂抗体综合征、妊娠高血压综合征及妊娠期肝内胆汁淤积症 (ICP)。治疗方法是使用糖皮质激素、免疫球蛋白与成分输血等。早产 15例 ,阴道分娩 10例 ,剖宫产 5 1例。结论 :妊娠合并血小板减少处理的重点是治疗合并症和并发症 ,加强监护 ,适时提升血小板数 ,防止分娩期出血     

Predictors of idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura in pregnant women presenting with thrombocytopenia.

OBJECTIVE: Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) and gestational thrombocytopenia (GT) are common causes of thrombocytopenia during pregnancy. Despite an ever-increasing experience with these disorders, differentiation between the two entities still remains a diagnostic challenge. The current study attempted to identify the antenatal predictors of ITP for pregnant women. METHODS: Between January 1999 and June 2005, a total of 58 pregnant women with a presumptive diagnosis of either ITP or GT were recruited for the study. All of them had platelet counts of less than 100 x 10(9)/L. The predictors of ITP were evaluated by comparison between the two disorders. RESULTS: The detection of thrombocytopenia prior to 28 weeks of gestation and platelet counts <50 x 10(9)/L at its diagnosis remained independently predictive of ITP (P<0.001 and P=0.004, respectively). The combined analysis of these two factors provided a 96.0% sensitivity and a specificity of 75.8%. CONCLUSION: The onset time of thrombocytopenia and platelet count at its presentation remain the strongest predictors of ITP for pregnant women. The combination model using these factors may be useful for the early prediction of ITP.     

妊娠合并血小板减少112例临床分析

目的:探讨妊娠合并血小板减少的发病机制及围生期的处理方法。方法:回顾分析天津医科大学总医院1992年至2002年间112例妊娠合并血小板减少患者的病因及临床处理经验。结果:112例孕妇中特发性血小板减少性紫癜27例,占24.1%;子痫前期44例,占39.3%;妊娠期特发性血小板减少40例,占34.8%;血栓性血小板减少性紫癜1例,占0.89%。阴道分娩27例,剖宫产85例。产后出血13例,产褥感染1例。结论:多种原因可以导致妊娠妇女血小板减少。如无产科指征,以阴道分娩为宜;血小板<50×109/L时,在血源充足时行剖宫产。不主张采用侵入性检查方法确定胎儿血小板水平。     

Differential diagnosis of thrombocytopenia in pregnancy

Thrombocytopenia (< 150,000/microliter) is a common finding, occurring in 7-8% of pregnancies. Some conditions, such as gestational thrombocytopenia pose no maternal or fetal risks. Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) is an acquired haematologic disorder, common among children and adults, with unknown etiology and autoimmune pathogenesis. The incidence of severe fetal and neonatal thrombocytopenia is very rare, and neonatal intracranial hemorrhage is unlikely to be related to the mode of delivery. Alloimmune thrombocytopenia occurs with an incidence of 1/1,000 livebirths and is induced by a maternal alloimmunization against fetal platelet antigens. The incidence of intracranial haemorrhage in the fetus and neonate is the highest for any immune thrombocytopenia. The HELLP syndrome is a severe, unpredictable and life-threatening complication of preeclampsia, characterized by a triad of hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes and low platelet counts. HELLP syndrome develops in the third trimester but can occur postpartum. Hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) and thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) are syndromes of microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, and thrombocytopenia. During pregnancy, TTP usually presents in the second trimester, whereas HUS develops in the postpartum period. Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia type II is a serious, immune-mediated complication of heparin therapy.