双歧杆菌三联活菌散辅助治疗足月新生儿黄疸的临床价值分析

目的:研究双歧杆菌三联活菌散辅助治疗足月新生儿黄疸的临床价值。方法:选取我院2016年1月—2017年1月收治的64例足月黄疸新生儿作为研究对象,按照随机分组的方式将其分为试验组(双歧杆菌三联活菌散辅助治疗)及对照组(常规治疗)。对比两组治疗后的疗效、治疗时长及血清总胆红素水平。结果:治疗后,试验组的疗效明显优于对照组,血清总胆红素水平明显低于对照组,治疗时长明显短于对照组,且均具有显著差异(P<0.05)。结论:使用双歧杆菌三联活菌散辅助治疗足月新生儿黄疸可以有效缩短患儿的治疗时长,降低胆红素水平,提升其治疗效果,值得临床推广使用。     

微生态制剂干预新生儿黄疸的临床疗效观察

目的探讨微生态制剂双歧杆菌三联活菌散治疗新生儿黄疸的临床疗效。方法 40例新生儿黄疸患儿随机分为两组,对照组予常规治疗,观察组联合双歧杆菌三联活菌散,观察两组患儿经皮胆红素的变化。结果观察组治疗1 d后经皮胆红素较治疗前开始明显下降,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),对照组治疗1 d后经皮胆红素值较治疗前无明显变化(P>0.05),治疗2 d后开始较治疗前下降,治疗后观察组各时间点经皮胆红素值均明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论新生儿黄疸患儿在接受常规治疗的基础上,加用双歧杆菌三联活菌散可有效降低胆红素水平,缩短治疗时间。     

双歧杆菌三联活菌防治早产儿黄疸临床观察

目的探讨双歧杆菌三联活菌胶囊防治早产儿黄疸的临床效果。方法 54例早产儿随机分为治疗组28例和对照组26例,生后12 h内治疗组在常规治疗的同时加服双歧杆菌三联活菌胶囊(210 mg/粒,2次/d)。结果对照组早产儿黄疸消退的平均时间为生后(17.92±3.37)d,治疗组早产儿黄疸消退的平均时间为生后(15.75±3.33)d,治疗组早产儿黄疸消退时间短于对照组(P<0.05)。结论早期口服双歧杆菌三联活菌胶囊对早产儿黄疸的防治有一定效果,且可缩短住院时间,降低住院费用,无毒副作用,值得推广。     

双歧杆菌乳杆菌三联活菌片辅助治疗新生儿黄疸36例疗效观察

目的观察双歧杆菌乳杆菌三联活菌片治疗新生儿黄疸疗效。方法将36例患儿随机分为治疗组和对照组。2组均采用常规治疗,治疗组加用双歧杆菌乳杆菌三联活茵片口服治疗,疗程8d。观察每日胆红素下降水平及胆红素下降至100μmol／L以下天数。结果治疗组每日平均胆红素下降值大于对照组,胆红素下降至100μmol／L以下天数小于对照组,2组比较,差异有非常显著性。结论双歧杆菌乳杆菌三联活菌片对新生儿黄疸有较好的辅助治疗效果,安全可靠,值得临床推广。     

茵栀黄、双歧杆菌三联活菌联合光照治疗新生儿黄疸的临床研究

目的:评价茵栀黄、双歧杆菌三联活菌辅以蓝光照射治疗新生儿黄疸的临床效果。方法:对照组47例新生黄疸患儿予以蓝光照射治疗,实验组47例在此基础上联用茵栀黄、双歧杆菌三联活菌肠溶胶囊口服治疗,观察比较两组疗效、黄疸消退时间,治疗前后总胆红素水平。结果:实验组总有效率为93.6%相较于对照组的72.3%显著更高(P0.05);实验组患儿的黄疸消退用时少于对照组(P0.05),两组治疗前总胆红素水平无明显差异(P0.05),治疗后两组均有所降低(P0.05),而实验组的下降幅度显著更大(P0.05)。结论:对新生儿病理性黄疸患儿施以茵栀黄、双歧杆菌三联活菌联合蓝光照射治疗收效确切。     

双歧杆菌四联活菌制剂治疗新生儿母乳性黄疸的疗效

目的观察双歧杆菌活菌制剂治疗新生儿母乳性黄疸的疗效。方法对83例新生儿母乳性黄疸患儿随机分为双歧杆菌治疗组和常规治疗组,常规治疗组采用输液、白蛋白静点,重症采用蓝光治疗;双歧杆菌治疗组在常规治疗方法基础上加用双歧杆菌活菌制剂,并观察两组患儿黄疸消退时间及血清总胆红素水平的变化。结果双歧杆菌治疗组和常规治疗组黄疸消退时间分别为(4.2±2.3)、(5.7±2.7)d,两组比较有显著性差异(P<0.05),治疗5d血清总胆红素值分别为(45.8±17.5)、(82.7±32.8)umol/L,两组比较有显著性差异(P<0.01)。结论双歧杆菌活菌制剂治疗新生儿母乳性黄疸有显著疗效。     

茵栀黄颗粒联合双歧杆菌三联活菌胶囊治疗新生儿高胆红素血症疗效观察

目的 :观察茵栀黄颗粒联合双歧杆菌三联活菌胶囊治疗新生儿高胆红素血症的疗效。方法 :将高胆红素血症患儿依家长意愿分为两组,观察组予茵栀黄颗粒联合双歧杆菌三联活菌胶囊口服,对照组予清肝利胆口服液口服,连服5 d,观察两组患儿经皮胆红素的变化。结果 :观察组与对照组治疗5 d后,黄疸均较前减轻,但观察组疗效更显著,不良反应较对照组少。结论:茵栀黄颗粒联合双歧杆菌三联活菌胶囊治疗新生儿高胆红素血症疗效确切,不良反应较少。     

双歧杆菌四联活菌制剂治疗新生儿母乳性黄疸疗效观察

目的观察双歧杆菌活菌制剂治疗新生儿母乳性黄疸的疗效。方法对83例新生儿母乳性黄疸患儿随机分为双歧杆菌治疗组和常规治疗组,常规治疗组采用输液、白蛋白静点,重症采用蓝光治疗;双歧杆菌治疗组在常规治疗方法基础上加用双歧杆菌活菌制剂,并观察两组患儿黄疸消退时间及血清总胆红素水平的变化。结果双歧杆菌治疗组和常规治疗组黄疸消退时间分别为（4.2±2.3）、（5.7±2.7）d,两组比较有显著性差异（P〈0.05）,治疗5d血清总胆红素值分别为（45.8±17.5）、（82.7±32.8）μmol/L,两组比较有显著性差异（P〈0.01）。结论双歧杆菌活菌制剂治疗新生儿母乳性黄疸有显著疗效。     

双歧三联活菌制剂治疗新生儿高胆红素血症的疗效评价

目的:观察双歧三联活菌制剂在治疗新生儿高胆红素血症中的临床疗效.方法:将50例新生儿高胆红素血症患儿随机分为治疗组和对照组各25例.对照组进行常规治疗,治疗组在常规治疗的基础上,加服双歧三联活菌制剂,通过检测血清胆红素浓度评价其疗效.结果:治疗组和对照组总有效率分别为100%、84.0%,两组比较差异有统计学意义(X2=4.35,P<0.05);治疗后血清胆红素值治疗组为(45.61±17.32) μmol/L,对照组为(89.38±49.98) μmol/L,两组比较差异有统计学意义(t=4.14,P<0.05);胆红素开始下降时间治疗组为(2.3±0.6)d,对照组为(3.8±0.3)d,两组比较差异有统计学意义(t=11.18,P<0.05);黄疸消退时间治疗组为(4.1±2.4)d,对照组为(7.1±3.2)d,两组比较差异有统计学意义(t=3.75,P<0.01).结论:双歧三联活菌制剂辅助治疗新生儿高胆红素血症疗效好,可迅速降低血清胆红素水平,缩短治疗时间,值得临床推广. ±17.32) μmol/L,对照组为(89.38±49.98) μmol/L,两组比较差异有统计学意义(t=4.14,P<0 05);胆红素开始下降时间治疗组为(2.3±0.6)d,对照组为(3.8±0.3)d,两组比较差异有统计学意义(t=11.18,P<0.05);黄疸消退时间治疗组为(4.1±2.4)d,对照组为(7.1±3.2)d,两组比较差异有统计学意义(t=3.75,P<0.01).结论:双歧三联活菌制剂辅助治疗新生儿高胆红素血症疗效好,可迅速降低血清胆红素水平,缩短治疗时间,值得临床推广. ±17.32) μmol/L,对照组为     

双歧杆菌三联活菌散联合茵栀黄口服液治疗新生儿黄疸疗效观察

目的:探讨双歧杆菌三联活菌散联合茵栀黄口服液治疗新生儿黄疸的临床效果。方法:2013年4月至2015年11月我院共接诊黄疸新生儿527例,从中随机抽取180例患儿分为观察组和对照组各90例,对照组口服茵栀黄口服液治疗,观察组采取双歧杆菌三联活菌散(培菲康)联合茵栀黄口服液治疗,比较两组治疗的总有效率和黄疸的复发状况及患儿的胆红素(TCB)水平。结果:观察组治疗总有效率(91.1%)明显高于对照组(65.6%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组患儿黄疸复发率(15.6%)明显低于对照组(28.9%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组患儿治疗后TCB水平明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:双歧杆菌三联活菌散联合茵栀黄口服液治疗新生儿黄疸效果明显,能显著降低患儿胆红素水平,复发率低,预后良好,值得临床推广应用。     

Efficacy of gut lavage,hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the therapy of paraquat or diquat intoxication

Clinical and in vitro investigations were carried out to test the efficacy of gut lavage, hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the treatment of poisoning with paraquat or diquat. In a patient suffering from diquat intoxication 130 times more diquat was removed by gut lavage 30 h after ingestion than was removed by complete aspiration of the gastric contents.Determination of in vitro clearances for paraquat and diquat by hemodialysis showed that, at serum concentrations of 1–2 ppm, such as are frequently encountered in poisoning in man, toxicologically relevant quantities of herbicide cannot be removed from the body. At a concentration of 20 ppm, on the other hand, hemodialysis proved to be effective, the clearance being 70 ml/min at a blood flow rate of 100 ml/min. The efficacy of hemoperfusion with coated activated charcoal was on the whole better. Especially at concentrations around 1–2 ppm, the clearance values for hemoperfusion were some 5–7 times higher than those for hemodialysis.In a patient suffering from paraquat poisoning, both hemodialysis as well as hemoperfusion were carried out. The in vitro results could be confirmed: At serum concentrations of paraquat less than 1 ppm no clearance could be obtained by hemodialysis while by hemoperfusion with activated charcoal quite high clearance values were measured and the serum level dropped down to zero.

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Zusammenfassung Klinische Untersuchungen und Laboratoriumsversuche wurden durchgeführt, um die Wirksamkeit von Darmspülung, Hämodialyse und Hämoperfusion bei Paraquat- und Deiquat-Vergiftungen zu prüfen.Bei einem Patienten wurde 30 Std nach Deiquat-Aufnahme durch Darmspülung 130mal mehr Deiquat entfernt als durch vollständige Aspiration des Mageninhaltes. In vitro-Versuche ergaben, daß bei Blutserumkonzentrationen von 1–2 ppm, die bei Vergiftungen oft gemessen werden, durch Hämodialyse keine toxikologisch relevanten Paraquat- oder Deiquat-Mengen entfernt werden können. Dagegen erwies sich die Hämodialyse bei 20 ppm und einer Blutumlaufgeschwindigkeit von 100 ml/min mit einer Clearance von 70 ml/min als wirksam. Die Hämoperfusion mit beschicheter Aktivkohle war in diesen Versuchen aber eindeutig überlegen, denn insbesondere bei Konzentrationen um 1–2 ppm waren die Clearance-Werte 5–7mal höher als bei der Hämodialyse.Die in vitro-Ergebnisse wurden bei einem Patienten mit einer Paraquat-Vergiftung bestätigt: Bei Konzentrationen unter 1 ppm war die Hämodialyse wirkungslos, während durch Hämoperfusion relativ hohe Clearance-Werte erreicht wurden, so daß der Serumspiegel rasch unter die Nachweisgrenze abfiel.

     

In vitro studies on sterically stabilized liposomes (SL) as enzyme carriers in organophosphorus (OP) antagonism

This study describes a new approach for organophosphorous (OP) antidotal treatment by encapsulating an OP hydrolyzing enzyme, OPA anhydrolase (OPAA), within sterically stabilized liposomes. The recombinant OPAA enzyme was derived from Alteromonas strain JD6. It has broad substrate specificity to a wide range of OP compounds: DFP and the nerve agents, soman and sarin. Liposomes encapsulating OPAA (SL)* were made by mechanical dispersion method. Hydrolysis of DFP by (SL)* was measured by following an increase of fluoride ion concentration using a fluoride ion selective electrode. OPAA entrapped in the carrier liposomes rapidly hydrolyze DFP, with the rate of DFP hydrolysis directly proportional to the amount of (SL)* added to the solution. Liposomal carriers containing no enzyme did not hydrolyze DFP. The reaction was linear and the rate of hydrolysis was first order in the substrate. This enzyme carrier system serves as a biodegradable protective environment for the recombinant OP-metabolizing enzyme, OPAA, resulting in prolongation of enzymatic concentration in the body. These studies suggest that the protection of OP intoxication can be strikingly enhanced by adding OPAA encapsulated within (SL)* to pralidoxime and atropine.     

Synthesis,Cytotoxicity and Antileishmanial Activity of Some N-(2-(indol-3-yl)ethyl)-7-chloroquinolin-4-amines

We report herein the condensation of 4,7-dichloroquinoline (1) with tryptamine (2) and D-tryptophan methyl ester (3) . Hydrolysis of the methyl ester adduct (5) yielded the free acid (6) . The compounds were evaluated in vitro for activity against four different species of Leishmania promastigote forms and for cytotoxic activity against Kb and Vero cells. Compound (5) showed good activity against the Leishmania species tested, while all three compounds displayed moderate activity in both Kb and Vero cells.     

Steroidal sapogenin contents in some domestic plants

In order to find out the values of the steroid resources for the future use. the compositions and contents of steroidal sapogenins from 13 domestic plants have been investigated. As a result,Dioscorea nipponica, D. quinqueloba andSmilax china were found to have large amount of diosgenin. And pennogenin inTrillium kamtschaticum andParis verticillata, yuccagenin inAllium fistulosum, hecogenin inAgave americana and neochlorogenin inSolanum nigum were appeared to be major steroidal sapogenins.     

Aquatic Insects and Trace Metals: Bioavailability,Bioaccumulation, and Toxicity

Abstract

The uptake of metals from food and water sources by insects is thought to be additive. For a given metal, the proportions taken up from water and food will depend both on the bioavailable concentration of the metal associated with each source and the mechanism and rate by which the metal enters the insect. Attempts to correlate insect trace metal concentrations with the trophic level of insects should be made with a knowledge of the feeding relationships of the individual taxa concerned. Pathways for the uptake of essential metals, such as copper and zinc, exist at the cellular level, and other nonessential metals, such as cadmium, also appear to enter via these routes. Within cells, trace metals can be bound to proteins or stored in granules. The internal distribution of metals among body tissues is very heterogeneous, and distribution patterns tend to be both metal and taxon specific. Trace metals associated with insects can be both bound on the surface of their chitinous exoskeleton and incorporated into body tissues. The quantities of trace meals accumulated by an individual reflect the net balance between the rate of metal influx from both dissolved and particulate sources and the rate of metal efflux from the organism. The toxicity of metals has been demonstrated at all levels of biological organization: cell, tissue, individual, population, and community. Much of the literature pertaining to the toxic effects of metals on aquatic insects is based on laboratory observations and, as such, it is difficult to extrapolate the data to insects in nature. The few experimental studies in nature suggest that trace metal contaminants can affect both the distribution and the abundance of aquatic insects. Insects have a largely unexploited potential as biomonitors of metal contamination in nature. A better understanding of the physico-chemical and biological mechanisms mediating trace metal bioavailability and exchange will facilitate the development of general predictive models relating trace metal concentrations in insects to those in their environment. Such models will facilitate the use of insects as contaminant biomonitors.