CTA对冠状动脉钙化斑块管腔狭窄准确性评价的研究进展

冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病(简称冠心病)是严重危害人类健康的疾病,随着医学影像技术的飞速发展,多层螺旋 CT ( multislice spiral computed tomography, MSCT)作为一种无创性检查手段,以其扫描速度快,空间分辨率高,以及良好的图像质量和较高的诊断准确性,成为检测冠心病的主要方法。特别是64排螺旋CT、双源CT( dual source computed tomography, DSCT)及320排动态容积CT(320 row dynamical volume CT,320 DVCT)的应用,使冠状动脉成像技术更加完善和成熟,为无创性检测冠心病和判断预后提供了快速、简便的检查手段[1]。伴随着MSCT在冠状动脉血管成像中的广泛应用,其在成像技术和诊断中所面临的问题,也越来越被人们关注。既往研究表明：造成冠状动脉血管成像(computed tomography angiography, CTA)假阳性和假阴性的主要原因：一是心率过快和心律不齐造成的心脏运动伪影;二是冠状动脉管壁的钙化伪影。特别是钙化伪影对图像质量及诊断准确性的影响越来越被医学界所关注。本文就CT成像技术在冠心病、特别是对冠状动脉钙化性管腔狭窄的研究现状及展望作一综述。     

冠状动脉搭桥术100例临床分析

目的总结冠状动脉搭桥术(CABG)治疗冠心病的早期疗效和经验。方法行CABG100例,89.5%为多支冠状动脉病变。67例左心室射血分数(LVEF)≤45%,14例<30%,最低16%。90%有心绞痛症状,NYHA心功能分级Ⅱ～Ⅳ级。非体外循环下行CABG37例,体外循环下手术63例,心肌保护采用冷晶体停跳液;体外循环时间(125±35)min;主动脉阻断时间(65±24)min;单支搭桥7例,2支搭桥29例,3支搭桥42例(42%),4支搭桥20例,5支搭桥2例,共搭桥281支,人均搭桥2.81支。其中左乳内动脉桥76例,大隐静脉桥98例。同期行激光心肌血管重建术3例,室壁瘤切除5例,左心室成形8例,二尖瓣置换7例,主动脉瓣置换2例,二尖瓣、三尖瓣成形1例。结果住院死亡4例,其余痊愈出院,心绞痛症状基本缓解。其中低心排出量综合征4例(主动脉球囊反搏辅助),中枢神经系统并发症35例,2次开胸止血3例,伤口感染8例。结论选择合适患者,重视围术期处理,充分血管化是CABG成功的关键。     

冠状动脉造影诊断冠心病的价值探讨

目的：研究冠状动脉造影在冠心病诊断中的临床应用价值。方法选取临床拟诊的冠心病患者108例为研究对象,所有患者均经静息心电图、动态心电图、超声心动图及冠状动脉造影检查,并结合相关文献,研究冠心病诊断“金标准”-冠状动脉造影的应用价值。结果108例受检者,冠状动脉造影诊断冠心病74例,阳性检出率68．5％;静息心电图、动态心电图及超声心动图与冠状动脉造影检查结果差异均有统计学意义（χ2＝84．43、6．37、163．55,均P＜0．05）。单支病变中19例冠状动脉造影未见明显狭窄（狭窄＜50％）或正常,而根据超声心动图、心电图表现及家族史或高血压等高危因素,临床作出了冠心病的诊断。结论冠状动脉造影作为冠心病诊断最重要的微创手段,与其他无创检查方法相比,对冠心病的检出率及准确性高,并可明确冠状动脉病变位置、范围,宜作为冠心病诊断的常规方法。     

选择性右冠状动脉造影的经验

选择性右冠状动脉造影的经验张宏，张彤，徐小南本文对８０例１１２次选择性右冠状动脉造影的资料进行分析，小结操作经验。１．方法：Ｊｕｄｋｉｎｓ法虽然在１次选择性冠脉造影中需更换３次导管，但因其具有特别制成的弯度而较Ｓｏｎｅｓ法有较高的插管成功率和较低的并...     

92例冠状动脉内粥样斑块定向旋切术疗效分析

目前血管内超声（IVUS）研究证实，病变部位残存的斑块负荷是冠状动脉内支架治疗后再狭窄的主要原因之一。血管内超声检查可明确粥样斑块的分布及性质。在该检查引导下行定向的冠状动脉内斑块切除术可明显减少冠脉内的斑块负荷，增加管腔截面面积，故被期望能显著减少经皮冠状动脉介入治疗（PCI）患者术后再狭窄的发生率田。笔者回顾性分析了92例血管内超声引导下行冠状动脉内粥样斑块定向旋切术（DCA）治疗患者的临床资料。观察DCA治疗的临床疗效。     

34例冠状动脉搭桥术临床分析

目的总结34例冠状动脉搭桥术(CABG)的经验。方法34例冠状动脉病变患者,5例在非体外循环下行CABG,29例在全麻低温体外循环下行CABG,同期瓣膜置换3例、室壁瘤切除2例。结果34例患者术后均痊愈出院。1例术后2个月死于脑出血,1例术后3个月复发胸闷、下肢浮肿,余患者症状均明显缓解,可正常生活。结论冠状动脉搭桥术治疗冠心病疗效确切。     

老年冠心病冠脉支架内再狭窄相关因素调查

目的了解老年冠心病患者冠状动脉支架内再狭窄的发生情况。方法对冠脉造影资料较全的老年冠心病患者中89例患者,复查冠脉造影,观察其再狭窄情况,分析再狭窄相关因素包括年龄、性别、高血压、糖尿病、高血脂及冠脉病变特点、支架性质。结果多支病变占73．9％。89例复查冠脉造影,发现再狭窄率为23．5％;其中,裸支架组的再狭窄率35．2％明显高于药物洗脱支架组。狭窄与无狭窄患者的年龄和血脂水平差异无统计学意义,而并发糖尿病病例数量、支架长度以及支架数量,差异有统计学意义。结论患糖尿病、支架总长度、多个支架、支架性质为再狭窄的相关因素。     

PTCA（经皮冠状动脉腔内成形术）前后的护理

冠状动脉主要分为两支：右冠状动脉、左冠状动脉。后者又分为两个分支：前降支、回旋支。冠状动脉造影术一是冠心病诊断的金标准，能直接、准确显示冠状动脉及分支的解剖及病理改变。系将特殊导管经大腿处股动脉或上肢桡动脉处穿刺后插至冠状动脉开口，选择性地将造影剂注入冠状动脉，记录显影过程，用以判断冠状动脉有无病变。     

成人冠状动脉起源异常分析

目的：分析成人冠状动脉起源异常的发生情况。方法：回顾性分析我院2003年3月～2006年12月接受冠状动脉造影的690例患者。结果：完成冠状动脉造影690例，检出冠状动脉起源异常10例，检出率为1．4％。结论：冠状动脉造影是冠状动脉起源异常及确定其类型的重要手段。     

冠状动脉支架植入术37例

46例冠心病患者行 5 1次PTCA中 3 7例 4 5支血管植入了 5 2个血管支架 (简称支架 )。 2 8支前降支血管(LAD)植入 3 2个 ,8支右冠脉 (RCA)植入 8个 ,8支回旋支 (CX) 10个 ,1支钝缘支 1个。随访 1～ 17个月 ,显示较好近期效果。     

颅脑损伤患者并发肺部感染的护理体会

目的：为了使并发肺部感染的病人更多、更好、更早的痊愈。方法：通过对32例颅脑外伤并发肺部感染病人的严密观察,采取更换体位、超声雾化、有效排痰训练等有效的护理措施干预,从而控制了肺部感染。结果：痊愈17例,占53.1%;显效12例,占37.5%,无效2例,占6.2%;死亡1例,占3.1%;实践证明,有效的护理干预对提高患者治疗成功率有着重要意义。     

卡马西平联用尼美舒利相关粒细胞缺乏症

1例78岁男性患者因带状疱疹神经痛、慢性阻塞性肺疾病合并感染,给予头孢唑肟钠（2.25 g静脉滴注,1次/d）、卡马西平（0.2 g口服,2次/d）、尼美舒利（100 mg口服,2次/d）、二羟丙茶碱（0.5 g静脉滴注,1次/d）、甲钴胺（0.5 mg口服,3次/d）、地塞米松（5 mg,静脉滴注1次）、盐酸哌替啶（25 mg,肌内注射1次）和盐酸布桂嗪（100 mg,肌内注射3次）等药物治疗。第7天,停用头孢唑肟钠,改为磷霉素钠（8 g静脉滴注,1次/d）。第11天,血常规检查示白细胞计数1.6×10^9/L,中性粒细胞0.03,中性粒细胞绝对值0.1×10^9/L,淋巴细胞绝对值0.9×10^9/L。立即停用所有药物,给予对症支持治疗。第15天,外周血白细胞计数0.9×10^9/L,中性粒细胞0.02,中性粒细胞绝对值0.1×10^9/L,淋巴细胞绝对值0.7×10^9/L。行骨髓穿刺检查,诊断为粒细胞缺乏症。第17天患者出现右肺气胸、肺不张。第20天出现急性呼吸衰竭、多脏器衰竭合并重症感染,经抢救无效死亡。     

Satisfaction with information and its relationship with adherence in patients with chronic pain

□ Due to the nature of chronic pain it would be expected that patients are highly adherent to their pain medication. However, results from this study have shown that 23 per cent of patients often or always avoid using their pain medication, 13.4 per cent often or always alter dosages, and 10.3 per cent often or always stop taking their medication for a while. This suggests intentional non‐adherence to pain medication □ Less than 50 per cent of respondents were satisfied with information provided on side effects, what to do if side effects occur, and possible interactions with other medication □ Patients' satisfaction with information about their medication was related to self‐reported adherence; greater satisfaction was associated with higher self‐reported adherence     

Genomic profiling associated with recurrence in patients with rectal cancer treated with chemoradiation

PURPOSE: Stage II and III adenocarcinoma of the rectum has an overall 5-year survival rate of approximately 50%, and tumor recurrence remains a major problem despite an improvement in local control through chemotherapy and radiation. The efficacy of chemoradiation therapy may be significantly compromised as a result of interindividual variations in clinical response and host toxicity. Therefore, it is imperative to identify those patients who will benefit from chemoradiation therapy and those who will develop recurrent disease. In this study, we tested whether a specific pattern of 21 polymorphisms in 18 genes involved in the critical pathways of cancer progression (i.e., drug metabolism, tumor microenvironment, cell cycle regulation, and DNA repair) will predict the risk of tumor recurrence in rectal cancer patients treated with chemoradiation. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A total of 90 patients with Stage II or III rectal cancer treated with chemoradiation were genotyped using polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based techniques for 21 polymorphisms. RESULTS: A polymorphism in interleukin (IL)-8 was individually associated with risk of recurrence. Classification and regression tree analysis of all polymorphisms and clinical variables developed a risk tree including the following variables: node status, IL-8, intracellular adhesion molecule-1, transforming growth factor-beta, and fibroblast growth factor receptor 4. CONCLUSION: Genomic profiling may help to identify patients who are at high risk for developing tumor recurrence, and those who are more likely to benefit from chemoradiation therapy. A larger prospective study is needed to validate these preliminary data using germline polymorphisms on tumor recurrences in rectal cancer patients treated with chemoradiation.     

甘草酸单铵结合氦-氖激光治疗银屑病62例

目的用甘草酸单铵结合低能量氦-氖激光,观察治疗银屑病患者。方法62例寻常型银屑病患者,分为两组,A组用低能量氦-氖激光血管内照射,同时用甘草酸单铵静脉滴注,共36例;B组仅用甘草酸单铵,共26例。通过30d治疗。结果总有效率82.2%,其中A组有效率88.9%,B组73.1%(经Ridit检验,U＝2.76,P＜0.01),两组差异有极显著性意义。结论甘草酸单铵结合氦-氖激光治疗银屑病,比单用甘草酸单铵效果好。     

A fetus with meckel-gruber syndrome associated with isomerism

Abstract. Meckel-Gruber syndrome (MKS) is an autosomal recessive lethal malformation. As far as we know, the rate of incidence for the syndrome is 0.02 per 10,000 births. It is estimated that Meckel-Gruber syndrome accounts for 5% of all neural tube defects in Finland. Objective. The aim of this study is to present a case of a fetus with Meckel-Gruber syndrome associated with complete left isomerism. Method. The fetus was obtained after medical interruption of the pregnancy during the fifteenth gestational week. The mother was 36 years old and in a consanguineous marriage. The antenatal ultrasound examination revealed a polymalformative syndrome, leading to a postmortem examination. The fetopathological study of the fetus was conducted at the Centre for Maternity and Neonatology, Tunis, Tunisia, in 2008. Results. The female fetus had a significantly deformed ballooning abdomen, pes equinovarus, flexion of the wrist and a total posterior cleft palate. The central nervous system abnormalities were occipital encephalocele, cystic dilatation of the fourth ventricle, agenesis of corpus callosum and hydrocephalus. The study of the internal organs found dextrocardia, irregular lobulation of the lungs, left isomerism, and polysplenia. The microscopic examination revealed bilateral cystic dilation of the kidneys, fibrous proliferation of the liver and ectasic dilatation of the billiary ducts, representing a ductal plate malformation of the liver. Conclusion. The case is diagnosed with Meckel-Gruber syndrome associated with complete left isomerism, cleft palate and possibly Dandy-Walker syndrome.