新鲜离体喉癌组织的傅立叶变换红外光谱研究

目的 探讨喉癌组织傅立叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)特征及其分子水平变化,为FTIR诊断喉癌提供依据.方法 应用FTIR仪检测32例喉癌患者的新鲜癌组织和癌旁正常组织,结合常规病理结果指认,总结二者的光谱特征.结果 喉癌组织和癌旁正常组织的红外光谱表现出较大的差异性:(1)喉正常组织中1085 cm-1处核酸分子磷酸二脂基团VsP2-的对称伸缩振动谱带,在喉癌组织中向高波数方向位移,并且吸收强度增强;(2)喉癌组织中,1451 cm-1和1397 cm-1、2926 cm-1和2870 cm-1处吸收峰的相对峰强降低;(3)喉正常组织中的蛋白质酰胺谱带(1648 cm-1和1538cm-1)、蛋白质分子中甲基的对称和反对称弯曲振动谱带(1397 cm-1和1451 cm-1)、蛋白质分子C-OH伸缩振动谱带(1164 cm-1)和氢键化的NH基团谱带(3286 cm-1),在喉癌组织中均向高波数方向位移.与常规病理结果比较,仅1例癌旁正常组织被VHR指认为癌变,FHR检测准确率达98.4%.结论 FTIR可以反映喉癌组织和正常组织的蛋白质、核酸和脂类等生物大分子在含量、结构和构象上的差异,揭示喉癌组织的特征,有望成为喉癌术前早期诊断、术中辅助快速诊断的一种新方法.     

乳腺癌新鲜离体组织的傅立叶变换红外光谱研究

目的探讨通过测定乳腺新鲜离体组织傅立叶变换红外光谱,区分乳腺癌和良性乳腺组织的可行性及机制。方法联合应用衰减全反射（ATR）探头与中红外光纤、傅立叶变换红外光谱仪,检测乳腺手术中切除的新鲜离体乳腺组织29例。比较良、恶性乳腺组织红外光谱各谱带的峰高和相对峰强。结果共得到红外光谱45张。乳腺癌组织与良性乳腺组织的新鲜离体标本红外光谱有明显差异。代表蛋白质结构的I1640／I1550和I11160／I1120、代表蛋白质与脂类相对含量的I1640／I1460和I1550／I1460、代表脂类结构的I1460／I1400以及代表核酸的I1310／I1240,乳腺癌组织与良性乳腺组织间差异均有统计学意义。结论傅立叶变换红外光谱技术可用于临床判别乳腺癌和良性乳腺组织,且具有快速、方便、无创伤的特点。     

人体甲状腺癌组织红外光谱特征的研究

目的 通过对甲状腺癌组织及癌旁正常组织红外光谱的研究，分析癌组织与正常组织在红外光谱上的特异性，从而在分子水平上揭示甲状腺癌组织的特征，为实现甲状腺癌的早期诊断提供依据。方法 取甲状腺癌组织及癌旁正常组织，用生理盐水洗净后冻干，用KBr压片法制成薄片，在傅立叶变换红外光谱仪上进行红外光谱测量。结果实验发现两者的红外光谱在波数为2000～400cm^-1的范围内有显著差异，具有特异性。结论 傅立叶变换红外光谱可在分子水平上反映癌组织和正常组织的蛋白质、核酸和脂类等生物大分子在含量、结构、构象上的差异，揭示甲状腺癌组织的特征。     

胆囊癌组织细胞凋亡及PCNA表达的研究

目的检测胆囊癌细胞凋亡/PCNA比值与胆囊癌预后的关系.方法对38例胆囊癌石蜡包埋组织应用原位末端标记法(TUNEL)及免疫组化技术进行检测.结果不同分化程度癌组织中细胞凋亡和增殖细胞核抗原(PCNA)的阳性率不同.分化程度高,细胞凋亡率高,PCNA阳性率低;分化程度低,细胞凋亡率低,PCNA阳性率高.结论细胞凋亡率与PCNA阳性率二者的比值可作为评估胆囊癌分化程度、判断患者预后的指标.     

甲状腺癌的体表傅里叶变换红外光谱研究

目的 探讨术前采用傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)技术诊断甲状腺癌的临床意义.方法 联合运用衰减全反射(ATR)探头与中红外光纤、FTIR光谱仪,测定15例甲状腺癌患者(甲状腺癌组)与14例甲状腺正常者和25例单侧良性甲状腺病变者(正常甲状腺组)甲状腺皮肤表面的FTIR光谱,比较两组11个波峰的峰位及相对峰强等22个指标,找出甲状腺癌体表光谱的特征.结果 与正常甲状腺体表光谱相比,甲状腺癌体表光谱中P_(1743)发生明显蓝移(向高波数移动,P=0.041),P_(1250)发生明显红移(向低波数移动,P=0.023).甲状腺癌体表光谱相对峰强I_(1546)/I_(1460)(P=0.030)、I_(1250)/I_(1460)(P=0.000)、I_(1120)/I_(1460)(P=0.018)和I_(1080)/I_(1460)(P=0.008)明显升高;1340 cm~(-1)波峰在甲状腺癌体表光谱中的出现概率显著降低(P=0.000).结论 甲状腺癌组与正常甲状腺组的甲状腺体表光谱在多个波峰的峰位或相对峰强方面存在显著差异.FTIR技术快速、无创,有望成为甲状腺癌筛查的重要手段.     

血卟啉单甲醚激光诱发荧光光谱区分肺癌组织和正常支气管组织

目的　探讨应用国产新型光敏剂血卟啉单甲醚 (HMME)激光诱发荧光光谱分析方法诊断肺癌的可行性。方法　 15例肺癌患者肺切除前 3小时静脉注射HMME 2 .5mg/kg ,使用三倍频YAG激光 (波长 35 5nm)和光学多道分析仪 (OMA)对切除的癌组织和正常支气管组织行激光诱发荧光光谱测定。 43个检测点均行病理检查。结果　 15例患者术后 48小时后接受阳光照射 ,无一例发生皮肤光过敏副作用。肺癌组织的荧光强度 ( 314 4 6± 5 0 17)显著低于正常支气管组织 ( 75 430± 890 8) (P <0 .0 0 1)。正常支气管组织光谱在长波区5 80～ 6 0 0nm处有一个小坪 (I580nm/I6 0 0nm =1.0 81± 0 .0 90 ) ,而肺癌组织则平滑下降 (I580nm/I6 0 0nm=1.2 6 0± 0 .15 7)。肺癌组织于 6 2 3 .4nm± 1.6nm处有一明显的特征峰 (即药物峰 )。以I580nm/I6 0 0nm比值为判据 ,诊断肺癌的敏感性、特异性和符合率分别为 80 .0 %、73 .9%和 76 .7% ;以药物峰斜率为判据 ,诊断肺癌的敏感性、特异性和诊断符合率分别为 95 .0 %、91.3 %和 93 .0 %。结论　新型光敏剂血卟啉单甲醚 (HMME)激光诱发荧光光谱能够区分肺癌和正常支气管组织 ,与激光诱发自体荧光相比 ,能够提高诊断肺癌的敏感性、特异性和符合率     

应用SELDI-TOF-MS技术筛选肾细胞癌患者血清标志物

背景与目的:表面增强激光解吸离子化飞行时间质谱(SELDI-TOF-MS)技术有助于筛选肾细胞癌相关的分子变化.本研究探讨人肾细胞癌患者血清和正常人血清之间蛋白质表达的差异,筛选特异性生物标志物.方法:采用SELDI-TOF-MS技术,选用WCX2蛋白质芯片对28例肾透明细胞癌及28例正常对照组血清标本进行检测以筛选肾癌患者血清中差异表达蛋白质.结果:在分子量1.5×103～30×103(1.5～30 kD)范围内,检测出170个差异蛋白峰.肾透明细胞癌差异表达明显的蛋白峰7个(P＜0.01),其中低表达的3个,相对分子量分别为4.098×103、5.917×103、6.643X 103,高表达的4个,相对分子质量为5.572×103、6.344×103、6.529×103、8.518×103.结论:人肾肿瘤血清中特异性蛋白质的发现,对肿瘤临床特异性生物标志物的检测及进一步研究肿瘤发生机制等具有重要意义.     

不同剂量电子线照射宫颈癌细胞后红外光谱的统计分析

本文通过统计方法研究宫颈癌细胞经不同剂量的电子线辐照后的红外光谱,分析不同剂量的射线对细胞造成的辐射损伤情况。结果表明:9 Gy电子线照射下与空白对照组对应谱带差异有统计学意义,有较多凋亡细胞存在;与空白对照组相比,显著度α=0.05时,差异有统计学意义的谱带概括为:磷酸二酯基团对称伸缩振动(2、6、9、11 Gy),反对称伸缩振动(2、9、15 Gy),CH3反对称伸缩振动(2、9、11 Gy),酰胺Ⅰ谱带(6、15 Gy),酰胺Ⅱ谱带(6、9 Gy),CH3反对称弯曲振动(9、15 Gy),CH2对称伸缩振动(15 Gy),CH2反对称伸缩振动(9、11 Gy),N-H伸缩振动谱带(9、11、15 Gy)。相对峰值I1 654/I1 542(9、11、15 Gy)、I2 958/I2 854(6、9、11 Gy)、I1 455/I1 398(2、6、9、11、15 Gy)差异性显著,以上谱带和相对峰强或许可以作为判别电子线对宫颈癌细胞有效作用的标志。本研究为宫颈癌治疗效果及临床拟定宫颈癌的放疗剂量提供实验依据和参考。     

核苷酸切除修复基因和谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶基因多态与胆道癌风险关系的研究

目的:研究核苷酸切除修复基因XPA、XPC、XPD、XPG及Ⅱ相代谢酶基因GSTM1、GSTT1多态与上海市市区人群胆道癌风险的关系.方法:采用全人群病例-对照研究的方法,运用聚合酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态(polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism,PCR-RFLP)的方法对443例胆道癌患者和845例正常对照进行基因型分析.比较各基因型在病例与对照中分布频率的差异,并探讨其与胆道癌之间的关系.结果:XPD exon10-Asp312Asn和exon23-Lys751Gln多态位点的频率分布在壶腹癌病例和对照之间的差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),调整了年龄、性别、吸烟、胆石症和高血压后,证实Asn/Asn和Gln/Gln基因型可能增加壶腹癌的危险, 比值比(odds ratio,OR)分别为32.03和9.33,且趋势检验有统计学意义.未发现其他修复基因多态位点与胆道癌有关联.分层分析显示,GSTM1缺失型可增加女性胆囊癌发生的危险,OR=1.73(95%可信区间:1.06～2.82).在胆道癌的发生中,GSTM1与部分修复基因存在联合作用.结论:XPD exon10-Asn/Asn基因型和exon23 Gln/Gln基因型可能与壶腹癌的危险性有关.GSTM1缺失型可能增加女性胆囊癌发生的危险,且GSTM1基因型与部分修复基因之间可能存在联合作用.     

乳腺上皮细胞与癌细胞的激光镊子拉曼光谱研究

目的:研究人正常上皮乳腺细胞株(HBL-100)和乳腺癌细胞株(MCF-7)的单细胞拉曼光谱与分子生物学变化之间的关系,以及癌变发生发展过程中生物组分的变化,以期建立乳腺癌细胞的特征拉曼光谱库.方法:分别测试了正常乳腺细胞株和乳腺癌细胞株的拉曼光谱,结果用PCA主成分分析.结果:乳腺癌细胞和乳腺正常细胞间的平均光谱存在较多的差异;乳腺癌细胞的谱线强度整体变强;乳腺癌细胞的936、1 002、1 298和1 445 cm-1的峰高升高,1 102 cm-1峰移位到1 094 cm-1,484 cm-1 峰消失;乳腺癌癌细胞的核酸、蛋白质、脂类等重要生物分子在结构或含量都发生了不同的改变.用PCA主成分对单个细胞的平均拉曼光谱进行分析发现,PCA可以正确区分乳腺正常细胞和癌细胞,PCA区分率为87%(13/15).结论:激光镊子拉曼光谱是判断正常乳腺细胞和乳腺癌细胞的有效方法,单细胞光镊拉曼光谱技术有可能成为癌症诊断的新途径,具有广阔的前景.     

Bacteria and cancer--antagonisms and benefits

There is considerable historical and recent evidence concerning the antagonisms between acute bacterial infections or their toxins and cancer and allied diseases. These data provide renewed incentives to undertake clinical programmes with mixed bacterial vaccines in many countries at the present time.     

Religiosity and physical and emotional functioning among African American and White colorectal and lung cancer patients

The literature suggests that religiosity helps cope with illness. The present study examined the role of religiosity in functioning among African Americans and Whites with a cancer diagnosis. Patients were recruited from an existing study and mailed a religiosity survey. Participants (N = 269; 36% African American, 56% women) completed the mail survey, and interview data from the larger cohort was utilized in the analysis. Multivariate analyses indicated that in the overall sample religious behaviors were marginally and positively associated with mental health and negatively with depressive symptoms. Among women, religious behaviors were positively associated with mental health and negatively with depressive symptoms. Religiosity was not a predictor of study outcomes for men. Among African Americans, religious behaviors were positively associated with mental health and vitality. Among Whites, religious behaviors were negatively associated with depressive symptoms. These findings suggest a mixed role of religious involvement in cancer outcomes. The current findings may have applied potential in the areas of emotional functioning and depression.     

Genetic polymorphisms of alcohol and aldehyde dehydrogenases and risk for esophageal and head and neck cancers

Alcoholic beverages are causally related to cancer of the oral cavity, pharynx, larynx and esophagus. Ethanol is oxidized to acetaldehyde and then to acetate by alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH), both of which have genetic polymorphisms. A review of case-control studies of the effects of ALDH2, ADH2 and ADH3 genotypes shows consistently positive associations between inactive heterozygous ALDH2 and the less-active ADH2 genotypes and the risk for esophageal cancer in East Asian heavy drinkers and this enzyme-related vulnerability may extend to light-to-moderate drinkers. Some studies suggest similar associations with the risk for head and neck cancer in moderate-to-heavy-drinking Japanese. An established carcinogen in experimental animals, acetaldehyde can interact with human DNA. ALDH2-associated cancer susceptibility fits into a scenario in which acetaldehyde plays a critical role in the development of human cancer. Alcohol flushing and drinking behavior may partly explain this carcinogenic effect in carriers of less-active ADH2 genotypes. Whether the ADH3 genotype influences head and neck cancer risk in Western nations is controversial. Professional and public education about risky conditions connected to the ALDH2 and ADH2 genotypes and environmental factors is important in a new strategic approach to the prevention of alcohol-related cancers in East Asians. The use of simple tests to identify inactive ALDH2 on the basis of alcohol flushing responses could benefit many people, by helping them to identify their own cancer risks. Such testing could also help clinicians diagnose esophageal cancer earlier, through the use of endoscopic screening in the high-risk population.     

Religiosity and Physical and Emotional Functioning Among African American and White Colorectal and Lung Cancer Patients

The literature suggests that religiosity helps cope with illness. The present study examined the role of religiosity in functioning among African Americans and Whites with a cancer diagnosis. Patients were recruited from an existing study and mailed a religiosity survey. Participants (N = 269; 36% African American, 56% women) completed the mail survey, and interview data from the larger cohort was utilized in the analysis. Multivariate analyses indicated that in the overall sample religious behaviors were marginally and positively associated with mental health and negatively with depressive symptoms. Among women, religious behaviors were positively associated with mental health and negatively with depressive symptoms. Religiosity was not a predictor of study outcomes for men. Among African Americans, religious behaviors were positively associated with mental health and vitality. Among Whites, religious behaviors were negatively associated with depressive symptoms. These findings suggest a mixed role of religious involvement in cancer outcomes. The current findings may have applied potential in the areas of emotional functioning and depression.     

Renal irradiation and the pharmacology and toxicity of methotrexate and cisplatinum

We used a rat model to study the effects of renal irradiation on the pharmacology of methotrexate (MTX) and cisplatinum (cis-Pt). Unanesthetized rats were given bilateral kidney irradiation (20 Gy in 9 fractions). At 9 months after irradiation, 3% of the animals had died and survivors showed moderately impaired renal function. At 15 months, 30% of the animals had died and survivors showed severely impaired renal function. Some animals were given i.v. MTX 1 week to 15 months after irradiation. In irradiated rats, the area under the MTX plasma clearance curve equaled that of controls through 6 months, and was significantly above controls from 9 months on. Other animals were given i.p. cis-Pt 1 week to 9 months after irradiation. The acute toxicity of cis-Pt was the same in control and irradiated rats when cis-Pt was given immediately before or after irradiation. Beginning 3 months after irradiation there was a progressive increase in cis-Pt toxicity and a simultaneous decrease in urinary platinum excretion. Irradiated animals that survived cis-Pt treatment showed increased radiation nephritis; the greatest effect occurred when cis-Pt was given 3 months or more after irradiation. MTX and cis-Pt clearance decreased when renal dysfunction was first observed and changes in renal function preceded changes in drug clearance and toxicity.