Minimal levels of serum estradiol prevent postmenopausal bone loss

Summary Biochemical parameters reflecting bone resorption [urinary calcium/creatinine (Ca/Cr) and hydroxyproline/ creatinine (OH/Cr)] were related to serum estrogens [estrone (E1) and estradiol (E2)] in 262 healthy women including 158 patients receiving estrogen replacement therapy (ERT) for at least 6 months, 49 eugonadal women, and 55 untreated postmenopausal women. A significant (P<0.001) correlation exists between serum E2 and Ca/Cr: Ca/Cr (mg/dl)=-0.00044 E2 (pg/ml)+0.129 (n=262; r=-0.37), serum E2 and OH/Cr: (OH/Cr (mg/g)=-0.049 E2 (pg/ml)+18.76 (n=262; r=-0.36), serum E1 and Ca/Cr: Ca/Cr (mg/dl)=-0.0003 E1 (pg/ml)+0.127 (n=261; r=-0.28) but not between serum E1 and OH/Cr. Women with circulating levels of E2 between 60 and 90 pg/ml have a significant (P< 0.01) reduction of Ca/Cr and OH/Cr when compared with those with lower levels of E2. Higher values of E2 do not provide additional benefit. We conclude that in postmenopausal women receiving an estrogen replacement therapy (ERT), a significant reduction of bone resorption is achieved when circulating levels of estradiol reach a value (60 pg/ml) corresponding to the one measured, in eugonadal women, during the last days of the early follicular phase of the menstrual cycle. We suggest that oral or percutaneous ERT should induce a minimal value of 60 pg/ml to prevent postmenopausal bone loss.     

绝经妇女骨密度变化与雌激素、生长激素水平的相关关系初探

收集61饲病例，分为生育年龄组13例，绝经前组10例，绝经后组38例，均进行血碱性磷酸酶(ALP)、血钙(Ca)、血磷(P)、雌二醇(E2)、促卵泡素(FSH)、生长激素(GH)及空腹尿钙／尿肌酐(尿Ca／Cr)测定，其中3组进行定量CT测定腰椎骨密度(BMD)，分别为13、7、28例；其中绝经后组中10侧患者服用尼尔雌醇(CEE3)3个月：结果显示绝经后妇女BMD显著下降，其BMD与E2及GH呈正相关．在绝经早期组中BMD与尿Ca／Cr值呈负相关．诨步回归分析显示绝经年限对绝经后妇女BMD影响最大，其次为GH；服CEE3 3个月后血ALP显著下降，尿Ca／Cr显著下降，GH升高。本文提示GH的下降是绝经后骨代谢变化的膨响因素之：CEE，能有效防止绝经后妇女的骨丢失，但长期应用有待进一步的研究。     

绝经后妇女血清调钙激素水平与骨代谢关系探讨

目的 探讨绝经后妇女血清调钙激素水平对骨形成、骨吸收及骨密度的影响。方法 142名健康绝经后妇女测定血雌二醇（E2）、睾酮（T）、总三碘甲状腺原氨酸（TT3）、总甲状腺素（TT4)、甲状旁腺激素全段（PTH－SP）、降钙素（CT）、骨钙素（BGP）、尿脱氧吡啶啉（DPD）、尿肌酐（Cr）。双能X线骨密度仪测定腰椎、髋部、前臂骨密度（BMD）,对检测结果进行分析。结果 本组骨质疏松患病率为60．48％,低骨量32．39％,正常骨量7．13％。血清6种调钙激素中T、E2、TT3、TT4、CT与BMD、BGP呈正相关,与年龄负相关;PTH－SP与BMD呈负相关,与年龄、DPD／Cr呈正相关。结论 绝经后妇女血调钙激素水平影响骨形成、骨吸收和骨密度,使骨代谢趋向于负平衡,是绝经后妇女易发生骨质疏松症的重要原因。     

Relation of homocysteine, folate, and vitamin B12 to bone mineral density of postmenopausal women

Genetic hyperhomocysteinemia is associated with skeletal abnormalities and osteoporosis. We tested whether levels of homocysteine and critical co-enzymes of homocysteine metabolism, such as vitamin B₁₂ and folate, are related to lumbar spine bone mineral density (BMD) measured by DEXA in 161 postmenopausal women. Folate but not homocysteine or vitamin B₁₂, was lower in osteoporotic than normal women (7.2 ± 0.9 ng/L vs 11.4 ± 0.7 ng/L, P < 0.003). Folate, but not homocysteine or vitamin B₁₂, was independently related to BMD (r = 0.254, P < 0.011). BMD progressively increased from the lowest to the highest folate quartile (1.025 ± 0.03 g/cm² vs 1.15 ± 0.03 g/cm², P < 0.01) even when covaried for weight, which was the only other variable related to BMD. The present data suggest a major association between folate and bone mineralization.     

The effects of menopause on longitudinal bone loss from the spine

Summary Two hundred and thirty women aged 45–66 years were divided into three groups according to their menopausal status and were followed to assess the changes in vertebral bone mineral density (BMD). These included 71 premenopausal, 42 perimenopausal, and 117 postmenopausal women. Menopausal status was assessed through menstrual history and plasma concentrations of 17 estradiol and luteinizing hormone. BMD was measured by dual photon absorptiometry between 2 and 5 times over an average period of 27 months, and annual rates of changes were calculated by linear regression. BMD decreased significantly (P<0.0001) in the three groups during the follow-up. Mean (±SD) annual rate of change was-0.79±1.5% for premenopausal,-2.35±1.5% for perimenopausal, and-1.24±1.5% for postmenopausal women. There was no difference in the rates of bone loss between the perimenopausal group and the postmenopausal group within 3 years after menopause (1–2 years:-2.34±2.1%; 2–3 years:-1.9±1.5%). Thereafter, rates decreased exponentially with time since menopause to fall out at the same level as the premenopausal level. These longitudinal data indicate that vertebral bone loss begins before menopause and accelerates sharply during menopause to decline exponentially with time after 3 years.     

甘肃省兰州地区中老年女性骨密度现状调查及危险因素分析

目的调查研究甘肃省兰州地区中老年女性的骨密度情况,并分析体重指数与骨质疏松的相关性。方法选取2019年5月1日至2019年10月30日期间于甘肃省妇幼保健院行健康体检的女性。详细记录其年龄、绝经状态、身高及体重,采用双能X线吸收骨密度仪进行检测。结果共纳入2 078名研究对象。其中绝经前组204名,占9.82%,平均年龄(41.10±3.19)岁;围绝经期组443名,占21.32%,平均年龄(49.29±2.18)岁;绝经后组1 431名,占68.86%,平均年龄(56.25±7.59)岁。围绝经期组及绝经后组平均绝经年龄分别为(50.43±1.30)岁、(48.42±3.06)岁。三组平均身高、体重及体重指数分别为(1.59±0.05) m、(59.58±7.78) kg及(23.71±3.11) kg/m2。左侧股骨颈的平均骨密度分别为:绝经前组(0.85±0.14) g/cm2、围绝经期组(0.91±0.15) g/cm2、绝经后组(0.82±0.12) g/cm2;左侧全部髋关节的平均骨密度分别为:绝经前组(0.99±0.16)g/cm2、围绝经期组(0.97±0.17) g/cm2、绝经后组(0.88±0.13) g/cm2。腰1～4全部椎体的平均骨密度分别为:绝经前组(1.13±0.22) g/cm2、围绝经期组(1.10±0.20) g/cm2、绝经后组(0.97±0.15) g/cm2。所有绝经前女性的骨密度均正常;围绝经期女性中,正常骨密度占45.15%,骨量减少占32.28%,骨质疏松占22.57%;绝经后女性中,正常骨密度占19.57%,骨量减少占33.54%,骨质疏松占46.89%。Spearman等级相关分析结果示BMI与骨质疏松的发病率呈正向显著相关。结论甘肃省兰州地区中老年女性的骨质疏松发病率随年龄的增长而明显增高,尤其是绝经后及肥胖者,定期监测骨密度成为其不可或缺的体检项目。     

Biochemical markers of bone turnover predict bone loss in perimenopausal women but not in postmenopausal women-the Japanese Population-based Osteoporosis (JPOS) Cohort Study

Introduction The predictive value of biochemical markers of bone turnover for subsequent change in bone density in a population sample of healthy women with a wide range of ages has not been fully established. Methods We followed 1,283 women aged 15–79 years at baseline selected randomly from the inhabitants of three areas in Japan for 6 years, and examined 1,130 subjects with no disease or administration of drugs affecting bone metabolism. The annual change in bone density at the spine, total hip, and distal one third of the radius was determined during the follow-up period by dual x-ray absorptiometry and was compared among the groups using different levels of biochemical markers at baseline, including serum osteocalcin (OC) and bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (bone ALP), free and total (tDPD) forms of immunoreactive deoxypyridinoline, and type I collagen crosslinked C-terminal telopeptide (CTX) in urine. Results Premenopausal women aged 45 years or older with elevated levels of OC, bone ALP, CTX, or tDPD showed significantly greater bone loss at most skeletal sites during the follow-up period than those with lower levels, after adjustment for the effects of age, height, weight, dietary calcium intake, regular exercise, and current smoking. The greatest coefficient of determination of the model was observed in the association between CTX and bone loss at the hip during the first 3 years of follow-up (42.8%). These subjects were pooled with perimenopausal women at baseline, and those who still menstruated at follow-up in this pooled group showed significant but more modest associations, whereas those who entered menopause during the follow-up period showed clear associations. However, early postmenopausal women with less than 5 or 10 years since menopause showed an association that was limited mostly to the distal radius, and other postmenopausal groups had virtually no association. Conclusion Biochemical markers of bone turnover may predict bone loss in women undergoing menopausal transition but may not predict bone loss in postmenopausal women.     

绝经后肥胖女性骨密度与血管内皮功能的关系研究

目的 探讨绝经后肥胖女性中骨密度(BMD)与血管内皮功能的相关性.方法 选择自然绝经1～5年的单纯肥胖者(体重指数≥25kg/m2),年龄40～55岁,按照双能X线检测结果选择正常骨量组39例,骨量减少组37例和骨质疏松组19例.所有受试者测定体脂、BMD、骨矿含量(BMC)和血管内皮功能,包括血流介导的内皮依赖性血管舒张(EDD)和硝酸甘油介导的非内皮依赖性血管舒张.结果 骨质疏松组平均年龄和平均绝经时间显著高于正常骨量组和骨量减少组(P<0.05或P<0.01).骨质疏松组及骨量减少组BMD和BMC均显著低于正常骨量组(P<0.05或P<0.01).骨质疏松组EDD显著低于正常体重组和骨量减少组(分别为5.45±2.99、7.76±3.70和7.32±3.41,均P<0.05).相关分析显示各部位的BMD、BMC均与EDD相关(P<0.05和P<0.01).结论 肥胖女性绝经后骨质疏松与血管内皮功能异常有关,对绝经后肥胖女性低骨量人群干预治疗可能有助于防治动脉硬化及心血管疾病.     

绝经后女性血清硒水平与骨质疏松骨密度和骨代谢指标相关性研究

目的探索血清硒水平与绝经后妇女骨代谢指标以及腰椎和髋部骨密度之间相关性。方法检测156例正常骨密度和162例骨质疏松症的血清硒、25-羟基维生素D、PTH、骨钙素、PINP、CTX和NTX/Cr等指标水平。腰椎和股骨颈的BMD通过双能X线吸收法测量。探索了血清硒水平与骨密度的关系。结果骨质疏松症女性的血清硒水平低于正常骨密度的女性(P0.05)。在骨质疏松症妇女中,血清硒水平与年龄、绝经年限、BMI、PTH、骨钙素、PINP、CTX和NTX/Cr水平呈负相关,与25-羟基维生素D水平呈正相关。在正常骨密度组,血清硒水平与这些参数均未发现明显的相关性。调整年龄和BMI后,腰椎和股骨颈骨密度与血清硒及25-羟基维生素D水平呈显著正相关,与绝经年限、PTH、骨钙素、PINP、CTX和NTX/Cr呈负相关。对年龄和BMI进行调整后,进行多元回归分析以确定BMD的预测因子,血清硒和PINP、CTX是腰椎和股骨颈骨密度的显著预测因子。结论绝经后女性患者血清硒水平降低与腰椎和股骨颈骨密度降低密切有关。     

绝经后妇女尼尔雌醇治疗前后骨密度及骨代谢的变化

３０例绝经后妇女口服尼尔雌醇（ＣＥＥ３）,每２周２ｍｇ共１年。治疗前后均采用单光子吸收法（ＳＰＡ）进行桡骨骨密度（ＢＭＤ）测量,进行血骨钙素（ＢＧＰ）、血降钙素（ＣＴ）、血雌二醇（Ｅ２）、血卵泡刺激素（ＦＳＨ）及空腹尿钙／尿肌酐（Ｃａ／Ｃｒ）测定。结果显示ＣＥＥ３治疗１年后治疗组骨ＢＭＤ增加１．１％,而对照组下降３．３％;血ＢＧＰ显著下降（Ｐ＜０．０１）;尿Ｃａ／Ｃｒ下降。本文提示,ＣＥＥ３能降低骨转换率,有效防止绝经后妇女的骨质疏松     

Overweight postmenopausal women lose bone with moderate weight reduction and 1 g/day calcium intake.

Overweight postmenopausal women may be more susceptible to bone loss with weight reduction than previously studied obese women. The influence of energy restriction and Ca intake on BMD was assessed in 66 individuals. Weight reduction resulted in bone loss at several sites in women consuming 1 g Ca/day and was mitigated with higher calcium intake at 1.7 g/day. INTRODUCTION: Bone loss is associated with weight loss in obese postmenopausal women and can be prevented with calcium (Ca) supplementation. However, because bone loss caused by weight loss may be greater in overweight than obese women, it is not clear whether Ca supplementation is also beneficial in overweight women. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We assessed the influence of caloric restriction at two levels of Ca intake on BMD and BMC in 66 overweight postmenopausal women (age, 61 +/- 6 years; body mass index, 27.0 +/- 1.8 kg/m2). Subjects completed either a 6-month energy-restricted diet (WL, n = 47) and lost 9.3 +/- 3.9 % weight or maintained weight (WM; 1 g Ca/day, n = 19). Participants in the WL group were randomly assigned to either normal (1 g/day; WL NL-Ca) or high (1.7 g/day; WL Hi-Ca) Ca intake. Regional BMD and BMC were measured at baseline and after 6 months. RESULTS: During normal Ca intake, trochanter BMD and BMC and total spine BMD were decreased more in WL than WM women (p < 0.05). The WL NL-Ca group lost more trochanter BMD (-4.2 +/- 4.1%) and BMC (-4.8 +/- 7.1%) than the WL Hi-Ca group (-1.4 +/- 5.6% and -1.1 +/- 8.1%, respectively; p < 0.05). There were no significant changes in BMD or BMC at the femoral neck in any group. Weight loss correlated with trochanter BMD loss (r = 0.687, p < 0.001) in the WL NL-Ca group. CONCLUSION: Despite an intake of 1 g Ca/day, bone loss occurred at some sites because of weight loss. Calcium intake of 1.7 g/day will minimize bone loss during weight loss in postmenopausal overweight women.     

正常中国妇女前臂骨量及骨代谢生化指标及与丹麦妇女的比较

观察正常中国妇女前臂骨量和骨代谢生化指标及其与丹麦妇女的比较。对２０～８０岁，每岁５名，共３０５名正常妇女以单能Ｘ线吸收法测量非常用侧前壁１／４远端、８ｍｍ远端及超远端的骨量和骨密度。骨形成指标为血清骨钙素（ＯＣ）及碱性磷酸酶（ＡＬＰ），骨吸收指标为空腹晨两小时尿Ｉ型胶原降解物／肌酐（Ｔｙｐｅ１／Ｃｒ）和钙／肌酐（Ｃａ／Ｃｒ）。结果：绝经后比绝经前骨量明显减少，１／４远端减少１５％，８ｍｍ远端为２５％，超远端为３５％。５０岁时我国妇女骨量与丹麦相似，但５０岁后，我国妇女骨加速丢失的速度似较快。骨的加速丢失出现在绝经后１０～１５年内，此后稳定约５～１０年。在绝经的最初５年内，含松质骨较多的部位（超远端）骨丢失最多，为１６．２％。绝经后骨转换指标明显高于绝经前，与骨量呈负相关。本研究取得了正常中国妇女前臂三个部位的骨量。与丹麦妇女比较表明，东西方妇女骨量与骨代谢规律相似，但有一定差异。     

血糖控制对绝经后糖尿病妇女骨密度水平影响的研究

目的 分析血糖水平控制良好的绝经和绝经后Ⅰ型糖尿病、Ⅱ型糖尿病和非糖尿病妇女腰椎和髋部骨密度(BMD)变化特点及与相关因素的相互关系。方法 对绝经和绝经后排除其他影响骨代谢疾病的，并经内科治疗血糖水平控制良好的151例Ⅰ型糖尿病、270例Ⅱ型糖尿病和574非糖尿病妇女，用双能X线骨密度仪(DEXA)测量髋部和腰椎骨密度，通过计算机分析用SSPS10．0医学统计软件比较3类人群腰椎和髋部骨密度的差异及其与有关因素的相互关系。结果 血糖水平控制良好的绝经和绝经后Ⅰ型糖尿病、Ⅱ型糖尿病和非糖尿病妇女髋部和腰椎骨密度随年龄增长，绝经时间的延长和病程的延长呈同步下降趋势，其中以Ward’s区骨密度下降最为明显。同时随着年龄的增加，Ⅰ型糖尿病、Ⅱ型糖尿病和非糖尿病妇女骨质疏松及骨量减少的发生率呈明显增加的趋势。而且与年龄和绝经时间呈明显的负相关，其相关程度要大于与病程和体重的相关程度。结论 糖尿病妇女良好的血糖控制有利于其骨量的保护，但绝经后雌激素水平的下降乃是其骨量丢失的主要原因。     

Change in bone mineral density and its determinants in pre- and perimenopausal Chinese women: the Hong Kong perimenopausal women osteoporosis study

Summary  This 30-month study investigating bone change and its determinants in 438 perimenopausal Chinese women revealed that the fastest bone loss occurred in women undergoing menopausal transition but maintenance of body weight and physical fitness were beneficial for bone health. Soy protein intake also seemed to exert a protective effect. Introduction  This 30-month follow-up study aims to investigate change in bone mineral density and its determinants in Hong Kong Chinese perimenopausal women. Methods  Four hundred and thirty-eight women aged 45 to 55 years were recruited through random telephone dialing and primary care clinic. Bone mass, body composition, lifestyle measurements were obtained at baseline and at 9-, 18- and 30-month follow-ups. Univariate and stepwise multiple regression analyses were performed with the regression coefficients of BMD/C (derived from baseline and follow-up measurements) as the outcome variables. Menopausal status was classified as pre- or postmenopausal or transitional. Results  Menopausal status was the strongest determinant of bone changes. An annual bone loss of about 0.5% was observed among premenopausal, 2% to 2.5% among transitional, and about 1.5% in postmenopausal women. Multiple regression analyses, revealed that a positive regression slope of body weight was protective for follow-up bone loss at all sites. Number of pregnancy, soy protein intake and walking were protective for total body BMC. Higher baseline LM was also protective for neck of femur BMD. Conclusion  Maintenance of body weight and physical fitness were observed to have a protective effect on for bone loss in Chinese perimenopausal women.     

绝经后女性的体成分与年龄和绝经的关系及其对不同部位骨密度的影响

目的 调查绝经后女性的体成分与年龄、绝经年龄、绝经年限和腰椎、髋部BMD之间的关系.方法 用双能X线骨密度仪测量919例绝经后女性的体成分、正位腰椎和髋部BMD.结果 下身脂肪量、全身脂肪量和全身瘦组织量与年龄、绝经年龄和绝经年限都相关(P＜0.05～0.01),但只有绝经年限进入体成分的多元逐步回归方程,采用复合或三次回归模型拟合优度最佳.体成分随绝经年限的延长有下降趋势.绝经10年以上女性的下身脂肪量和全身瘦组织量显著减少,分别较绝经年限5年以内女性下降8.6%和3.1%.所有部位的体成分与所测区域的BMD 均呈正相关(P＜0.05～0.01),控制体重变量后,仅有全身脂肪量与腰椎BMD 呈正相关(P＜0.05),而全身瘦组织量与髋部BMD 呈正相关(P＜0.05).多元逐步回归分析发现体成分是影响腰椎和髋部BMD的一个重要因素,但对腰椎BMD影响最大的是全身脂肪量,而对髋部BMD影响最大的是全身瘦组织量.BMD 越低者,全身脂肪量和全身瘦组织量也越低,组间比较有显著性差异.结论 绝经后女性的体成分与年龄、绝经年龄、绝经年限和腰椎、髋部BMD相关,其中,绝经年限对体成分的影响最大,体成分组分对BMD的影响存在部位差异.     

妊娠妇女性激素、骨密度、骨代谢生化指标的变化及相关性研究

目的：探讨妊振妇女骨密度和骨代谢的变化及其与性激素的关系。方法：随机选取63例健康脑力劳动孕妇和21例健康脑力劳动妇女分别测定骨密度,血清Ca、P、ALP、BGP和E2、P、FSH、LH、PRL以及尿HP/Cr、Ca/Cr比值。结果：孕期骨密度虽有下降但无显变化（P＞0.05),ALP和BGP在晚孕期有显变化（P＜0.05)且此变化与E2成正相关（r=0.61、0.36)。结论：妊娠期骨密度虽无明显变化,但晚孕期骨转换率明显增加且与E2呈正相关。提示可通过测定E2了解孕期骨代谢情况,并及时予以补钙等措施可能有益。     

Vitamin D status in postmenopausal women living at higher latitudes in the UK in relation to bone health, overweight, sunlight exposure and dietary vitamin D

For 5 months a year the UK has insufficient sunlight for cutaneous synthesis of vitamin D and winter requirements are met from stores made the previous summer. Although there are few natural dietary sources, dietary intake may help maintain vitamin D status.

We investigated the relationship between 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D), bone health, overweight, sunlight exposure and dietary vitamin D in 3113 women (age 54.8 [SD 2.3] years) living at latitude 57°N between 1998–2000. Serum 25(OH)D was measured by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), dietary intakes (food frequency questionnaire, n = 2598), sunlight exposure (questionnaire, n = 2402) and bone markers were assessed. Bone mineral density (BMD) was measured by dual x-ray absorptiometry in all women at the sampling visit and 6 years before. Seasonal variation in 25(OH)D was not substantial with a peak in the autumn (23.7 [9.9] ng/ml) and a nadir in spring (19.7 [7.6] ng/ml). Daily intake of vitamin D was 4.2 [2.5] μg from food only and 5.8 [4.0] μg including vitamin D from cod liver oil and multivitamins. The latter was associated with 25(OH)D at each season whereas vitamin D simply from food was associated with 25(OH)D in winter and spring only. Sunlight exposure was associated with 25(OH)D in summer and autumn. 25(OH)D was negatively associated with increased bone resorption and bone loss (P < 0.05) remaining significant after adjustment for confounders (age, weight, height, menopausal status/HRT use, physical activity and socio-economic status). Using an insufficiency cut-off of < 28 ng/ml 25(OH)D, showed lower concentrations of bone resorption markers in the upper category (fDPD/Cr 5.1 [1.7] nmol/mmol compared to 5.3 [2.1] nmol/mmol, P = 0.03) and no difference in BMD or bone loss. 25(OH)D was lower (P < 0.01) and parathyroid hormone higher (P < 0.01) in the top quintile of body mass index. In conclusion, low vitamin D status is associated with greater bone turnover, bone loss and obesity. Diet appears to attenuate the seasonal variation of vitamin D status in early postmenopausal women at northerly latitude where quality of sunlight for production of vitamin D is diminished.     

Bone mineral density of the spine in normal Japanese subjects using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry: Effect of obesity and menopausal status

Summary Bone mineral density (BMD) of the lumbar spine was measured to determine normal Japanese values and to examine the effect of obesity and menopausal status on BMD. Normal Japanese subjects (N=1,296, 1,048 women and 248 men) were examined using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. BMD for men peaked between age 20 and 29. For women, there was abrupt bone loss after age 50. Obese women within the same age bracket had a higher BMD than thin women after age 40–49. We determined that BMD began to decline during the irregular menstruation period before the onset of menopause. We conclude that there is a positive correlation between obesity and BMD, particularly in postmenopausal women. In addition, we found that bone loss related to menopause begins during the irregular menstruation period before menopause.     

重庆地区围绝经期与绝经后妇女骨密度及身体成分相关指标分析

目的 调查重庆地区围绝经期与绝经后妇女(5~10年）骨密度及相关身体成分指标,分析身体成分指标与骨密度的关系,为本地区骨质疏松的防治提供线索。方法 ①选取2017年于本院进行健康体检年龄≥45岁的妇女956名(排除相关原发疾病）,其中围绝经期510名,绝经后446名,并分别记录身高、体重,计算出体质量指数(body mass index, BMI）;②使用美国GE公司双能X线骨密度仪测定受试者腰椎1~4、左侧股骨颈、大转子、股骨干、全髋的骨密度以及全身脂肪、肌肉含量与骨矿含量。结果 一般情况分析发现,重庆地区围绝经期妇女身高明显高于绝经后妇女［分别为(156.81 ± 5.27) cm、(153.32 ±5.51) cm］,而体质量指数无明显差异。 绝经后妇女肌肉含量(37.91 ± 6.42) kg、脂肪含量(17.84 ± 2.16) kg、骨矿含量(1.58±0.41) kg均较围绝经期妇女 [(37.88 ± 6.15) kg、(19.21 ± 2.07) kg、(1.75±0.20) kg ]降低。绝经后妇女诊断骨质疏松与低骨量的比例分别为28.92%、41.03%,高于围绝经期妇女低骨量的发生率(28.63%)。围绝经期妇女腰椎1~4和左侧股骨颈、大转子、股骨干及全髋骨密度 (bone mineral density, BMD)明显高于绝经后妇女［分别是(1.0 959 ± 0.1 603) g/m2和(0.8 410 ± 0.1 606) g/m2,(0.8 178 ± 0.1 577) g/m2和(0.7 872 ± 0.1 585) g/m2,(0.6 946 ± 0.1 252) g/m2和(0.6 728±0.1 274) g/m2,(1.0 329 ± 0.1 712) g/m2和(1.0 030±0.1 737) g/m2,(0.8 773 ± 0.1 448) g/m2和(0.8 495 ± 0.1 478) g/m2］。结论 绝经后妇女髋部、腰椎等部位BMD均较围绝经期妇女明显降低;骨质疏松及低骨量的发生率随年龄增加显著升高;和围绝经期妇女相比,绝经后妇女全身脂肪含量偏低;BMD与全身肌肉含量呈正相关性。     

探讨体重指数对绝经后老年妇女不同部位骨密度的影响

目的分析不同体重指数患者的腰椎和股骨近端、股骨颈、Ward’s三角区的骨密度及T值评分,探讨体重指数对绝经老年妇女不同部位骨密度的影响。方法以我院225例年龄均为60以上的绝经老年妇女为研究对象,计算体重指数将患者分为体瘦组、正常组和肥胖组,检测患者腰椎和股骨近端、股骨颈、Ward’s三角区的骨密度,分析各部位骨密度变化与体重指数的关系。结果体瘦组的患者各部位骨密度明显低于正常和肥胖组的患者,体瘦组与正常组或肥胖组比较,腰椎(L1～L4)、股骨颈、股骨近端、Ward’s三角区的骨密度均有显著的差异(P<0.01);正常组与肥胖组比较,仅L3和L4的骨密度有显著的差异(P<0.05),其余部位的骨密度无显著的差异(P>0.05)。结论体重和体重指数是影响骨密度的一个重要因素,体重和体重指数与绝经老年妇女不同部位的骨密度存在一定的相关性,低体重指数的绝经老年妇女,骨丢失而引起的骨量减少明显,易发生骨质疏松。