Prevalence of osteoporosis and vertebral fractures and related factors in patients with ankylosing spondylitis

Background Osteoporosis and vertebral factures are well recognized features in patients with ankylosing spondylitis （AS）.The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence and risk factors of osteoporosis and vertebral fractures in patients with AS.Methods Fifty-nine AS patients and 40 healthy controls were enrolled.Bone mineral density （BMD） was measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry （DEXA） at posterior-anterior （PA） lumbar,lateral lumbar and hip regions.Thoracic and lumbar X-rays were obtained for morphometric measurements.Clinical,biological and radiological statuses were evaluated with Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index （BASDAI）,Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Metrology Index （BASMI）,Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index （BASFI）,Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Radiology Index-total （BASRI-t）,erythrocyte sedimentation rate （ESR） and the C-reactive protein levels.Results Osteoporosis was present in 32% of patients and 5% of controls according to lateral vertebral BMD measurements.Fracture was present in 31% of patients.The effect of some clinical and laboratory parameters on BMD status and vertebral fractures was analyzed in the patient group.Osteoporosis in lateral lumbar DEXA was associated with higher BASMI,BASFI,BASRI-t scores and ESR level.Low hip BMD was associated with low BMI and high BASFI and BASRI-t scores.Vertebral fractures were associated with advanced age,longer disease duration,longer duration since diagnosis,higher BASMI and BASRI-t scores,higher ESR level,reduced femoral and lateral lumbar BMD.Logistic regression analysis revealed that only BASRI-t score was significantly associated with low lateral spinal BMD and BMI and BASFI score were independently associated with low hip BMD.The presence of compression fractures was independently associated with BASRI-t score and low lateral lumbar BMD.Conclusions Osteoporosis and vertebral fractures in AS seem to be related to the extent of radiological involvement.A low lateral lumbar BMD     

双能X线吸收法在分析髋部骨折患者股骨颈结构强度中的应用

目的 利用双能X线吸收法(DXA)研究骨质疏松性股骨颈骨折患者和健康受试者髋关节的几何结构强度,探讨各强度参数与骨折发生危险性的关系.方法 在进行了100例健康者DXA双侧股骨颈骨密度(FN BMD)、骨结构参数[截面转动惯量(CSMI)、截面面积(CSA)、截面模量(SM)、皮质骨内径(ED)、皮质骨外径(OD)、皮质骨厚度(CT)、髋轴长度(HAL)、股骨颈干角(NSA)、髋关节强度指数(SI)]配对t检验比较的基础上,对59例股骨颈骨折患者与年龄匹配的健康组DXA髋部几何结构强度参数进行比较,并作为骨折危险因素变量带入条件logistic回归方程分析,计算各参数与骨折发生的相对危险性.结果 双侧髋部的DXA参数均呈高度正相关(r=0.847~0.998,P<0.05),部分参数存在较小但有统计学意义的差异.骨折组女性的FN BMD、CSMI、CSA、SM、CT和SI显著低于对照组女性.骨折组男性的FN BMD、CSMI、CSA、SM和SI显著低于对照组男性.经身高、体重和FN BMD 校正后,骨折组女性的CSMI、SM仍然显著低于对照组女性,骨折组男性的SM显著低于对照组男性.HAL为男、女性组入选股骨颈骨折模型的唯一因素,其OR值分别为1.385和1.269.结论 髋部几何结构参数差异可以解释骨折患者股骨近端骨强度的降低,DXA测量的HAL参数对于男、女性髋部骨折风险预测具有重要的临床意义.     

Structural, densitometric and biomechanical evaluations of Chinese patients with long-term bisphosphonate treatment

Background  The association of long-term bisphosphonate treatment for osteoporosis and related safety problems such as atypical fractures were not clearly defined. This study was to evaluate the structural, densitometric and biomechanical properties of the prolonged bisphosphonate-loaded bones.

Methods  Bone mineral density (BMD) at hip and femoral midshaft, bone cross-sectional area, moment of inertia of both femurs, bone formation and resorption biochemical markers were compared between 28 elderly with at least 4 years of bisphosphonate treatment from 2002 through 2006 and age-matched group of 37 elderly.

Results  The total hip BMD and t-score were found not different between two groups. However, bisphosphonate treated patients were found to have significantly lower bone mineral content in the femoral shaft (P <0.05); morphological study showed lower cross-sectional area in subtrochanteric and mid-diaphyseal region and thus significantly lower moment of inertia (P <0.01). High resolution-peripheral quantitative computed tomography showed significantly decreased trabecular density, bone volume ratio, trabecular number but increased trabecular spacing in tibia and distal radius. Finite element analysis further confirmed significantly lower stiffness and failure load in tibia. Biochemical studies also showed lower bone resorption and severely suppressed bone formation activity (P <0.001).

Conclusions  The unchanged total hip BMD between two groups confirmed the beneficial effects of bisphosphonate on trabecular bone, thus preventing osteoporotic fractures at large in previous studies. However, the inferior structural, densitometric and biomechanical properties at cortical bones, especially femur midshaft, need a special attention to look into the association between long-term bisphosphonate intake and the occurrence of stress fractures. When patients taking bisphosphonate complain of proximal thigh pain or discomfort, plain X-ray film can be the first line screening. All patients prescribed with bisphosphonate should be informed of such a complication though we must stress its rarity.

     

DXA测量骨密度的精确度评估

目的分析双能x线吸收测定术（dual—energyX—rayabsorptiometry,DXA）测量骨密度（bonemineraldensity,BMD）的最小有意义变化（1eastsignificantchange,LSC）。方法测量30名受检者腰椎和髋部BMD,连续测量2次,计算其精确度误差、最小有意义变化,预计随访间隔时间。结果L1-L4、L2-L4、左全髋部、右全髋部的精确度误差相对较低,标准差的均方根（RMS—SD）分别为0．006、0．007、0．006、0．007g／cm2,最小有意义变化（LSC—SD）分别为0．016、0．018、0．018、0．019g/cm2;变异系数的均方根（RMS—CV）分别为0．005、0．007、0．006、0．007,最小有意义变化（LSC—CV）分别为0．015、0．020、0．018、0．020。LSC—SD、LSC—CV的变异系数分别为0．238、0．356。预计随访问隔时间随着感兴趣区精确度误差的增加而延长。结论DXA测量骨密度的精确度误差较小,感兴趣区首选L1-L4、L2-L4、全髋部为宜,感兴趣区的精确度误差越大则预计随访时间越长。     

Effect of angiotensin II type I receptor blocker losartan on bone deterioration in orchiectomized male hypertensive and normotensive rats

Background Epidemiological study showed that the use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors was associated with higher bone mineral density (BMD) in older people, especially male subjects, which suggested that angiotensin II may have a detrimental effect on bone. Therefore, blocking its effect may have a beneficial effect on bone health.

Methods Six-month-old male spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and normotensive Wistar Kyoto rats (WKY) were used. Animals of each model were randomly assigned to the following four groups: Group 1, SHAM operated+vehicle; Group 2, orchidectomy (ORX)+vehicle; Group 3, ORX+low-dose losartan (10 mg·kg-1·d-1); and Group 4, ORX+high-dose losartan (25 mg·kg-1·d-1). Blood pressure was recorded weekly. SHAM and ORX operations were performed, followed by daily losartan and vehicle treatment from day 4 after operation for 16 weeks. Serum and 24-hour urine samples were collected for measurement of bone turnover markers before euthanasia and then the left femur was collected for measurements of BMD and microarchitecture before mechanical test.

Results Urine deoxypyridinoline/urine creatinine (DPD/Cr) ratio was significantly higher in SHR than in WKY. BMD and microarchitecture parameters also showed bone deterioration in SHR. After ORX, serum osteocalcin concentration decreased and urine DPD/Cr ratio increased significantly accompanied by a significant decrease in cortical and trabecular BMD and cortical bone thickness in both WKY and SHR. High-dose losartan significantly increased DPD in urine in both SHR and WKY. Apart from marginal favorable changes in bone architecture in WKY treated with high-dose losartan, losartan did not show significant effect on BMD, bone area, bone microarchitecture, and mechanical properties in both SHR and WKY.

Conclusion Angiotensin II type I receptor blocker losartan was not able to demonstrate significant effect on ORX-induced bone deterioration in both hypertensive and normotensive rats.

     

Systematic reviews on reports of hip fractures in Web of Science: a bibliometric analysis of publication activity

Background The objective of this study was to analyze the trend in the publication of systematic reviews on hip fractures through a bibliometric approach.Methods Literature including systematic reviews or meta-analyses on hip fractures was searched from the ISI Web of Science citation database.The search results were analyzed in terms of geographical authorship and frequency of citation by country,institution,author,and periodical distribution.Results A total of 654 published systematic reviews from 1995 to 2013 in 48 countries or regions were retrieved.The United States （171） was the predominant country in terms of the number of total publications,followed by the United Kingdom （149）,Canada （120）,Australia （76）,and China （54）.The number of systematic reviews significantly increased during the last 6 years,especially in China.The production ranking changed in 2012,at which time the United States and China were the leaders in the yearly production of systematic reviews on hip fractures.The amount of literature （27 publications） from China contributed almost one-quarter of the total literature （109 publications） in 2012.However,the average number of citations of each article from China was still low （6.70）,while the highest number of citations of each article was from Sweden （193.36）.The references were published in 239 different journals,with 15 journals contributing to 41.3％ of the systematic reviews on hip fractures.The two journals that contributed the most were Osteoporosis International （10.6％） and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews （7.6％）.The predominant institution in terms of the number of publications was McMaster University （36） in Canada.Conclusions The best evidence in the field of hip fractures has attracted increasing attention.Systematic reviews on hip fractures from China have been increasingly more frequent during the past 6 years,particularly in 2012.     

Clinical value of optimized magnetic resonance imaging for evaluation of patients with painful hip arthroplasty

Background The imaging evaluation of pain in patients who have had a hip arthroplasty （HA） is challenging,and traditional imaging techniques,including magnetic resonance imaging （MRI） and computerized tomography （CT）,are limited by metallic artifact.The purpose of the present study was to investigate the use of modified MRI techniques to visualize periprosthetic soft tissues and the bone-implant interface,and to evaluate the value of MRI for the assessment of patients with painful hip arthroplasty.Methods Fifty-six painful hips in fifty-six patients following primary HA were assessed using optimized MRI,CT and standardized radiographs.The diagnosis of MRI was correlated with intraoperative findings as well as with microbiological and histological examinations （when available）.The sensitivity and the specificity of MRI diagnosis were determined according to final diagnosis.The chi-square test was performed to detect a difference between MRI and final diagnosis.Results Forty-eight patients have received revision surgery and final diagnosis were established.MRI was demonstrated high sensitivity and specificity in detecting aseptic loosening （93％ and 95％）,periprosthetic infection （94％ and 97％）,adverse local tissue reaction （100％ and 100％） and periprosthetic fracture （100％ and 100％）.MRI was determined to be the most sensitive technique in detecting implant loosening for any reason,with a sensitivity of 93.8％ for acetabular shell and 97.1％ for femoral stem,compared to 81.3％ and 80.0％ on CT,75.0％ and 77.1％ on radiographs.Conclusions Optimized MRI was effective for the assessment of the periprosthetic soft tissues and bone.The use of modified magnetic resonance imaging parameters provided a useful adjunct to conventional examinations for the evaluation of patients with painful hip arthroplasty.     

Fourth-generation ceramic-on-ceramic total hip arthroplasty in patients of 55 years or younger: short-term results and complications analysis

Background The incidence of total hip replacement in the younger and more active patients is ever increasing.The ceramic-on-ceramic （COC） bearing was developed to reduce wear debris-induced osteolysis and loosening and to improve the longevity of hip arthroplasties.Few studies have reported the clinical results and complications of the new zirconia-toughened ceramic total hip arthroplasty （THA）.Methods A consecutive series of 132 young patients （177 hips） that underwent primary cementless THAs between January 2010 and December 2012 were included in this study.These arthroplasties all had fourth-generation COC bearings performed through a posterolateral approach.The average age was （41.8±8.3） years （ranging from 22 to 55 years）,and the mean follow-up period was （24.5±9.4） months （ranging from 12 to 47 months）.The results were evaluated both clinically and radiographically.Harris hip score （HHS） was determined before surgery and at the time of each follow-up.Presence of postoperative groin or thigh pain and squeaking were recorded.Other complications such as dislocations,periprosthetic fractures,and ceramic components fractures were diagnosed and treated in emergency.Results The average HHSs improved from preoperative 60.3±10.7 （ranging from 29 to 76） to 91.0±5.1 （ranging from 74 to 100） at the final follow-up （t=-45.064,P ＜0.05）,and 97.7％ of cases were scored as excellent and good results.At the last follow-up,incidental inguinal pain was found in three hips （1.7％） and thigh pain in 11 hips （6.2％）.Radiographs showed a high rate of new bone formation around the acetabular and stem components.No obvious osteolysis or prosthesis loosening was detected.Complications occurred in six hips （3.4％）：posterior dislocation in two hips （1.1％）,periprosthetic femoral fracture in one hip （0.6％）,asymptomatic squeaking in two hips （1.1％）,and ceramic liner fracture in one hip （0.6％）.Conclusions The fourth-generation COC THA showed excelle     

QCT与DXA对绝经后妇女骨质疏松症检出率的对比

目的 对比定量计算机断层扫描法(quantitative computed tomography,QCT)与双能X线吸收法(dual energy X-ray absorptiometry,DXA)在绝经后妇女中骨质疏松症的检出率,并分析两者差异性的原因.方法 收集的148例绝经后妇女,平均年龄(63.7±10.4)岁...     

An anatomical comparison of two minimally invasive pelvic reconstructive surgeries using fresh female cadavers

Background During the past decade, graft materials have been widespread used in the vagina in order to correct pelvic organ prolapse. The aim of this study was to describe and compare the exact anatomical position of the puncture devices and their relations to the relevant anatomical structures in the ProliftTM and a modified pelvic reconstructive surgery with mesh. Methods Twelve fresh cadavers were allocated randomly to either the ProliftTM or the modified pelvic reconstructive surgery group. Each group had six fresh cadavers. Relevant distances between the puncture devices and anatomical structures were recorded in both minimally invasive puncture surgeries. Results The mean distances from the posterior puncture points of the obturator membrane to the posterior branch of obturator arteries were shorter （（0.60＋0.36） cm and （0.78＋0.10） cm） when compared with the distances to the anterior branch of obturator arteries （（1.53＋0.46） cm and （1.86＋0.51） cm） for the reconstruction of the anterior compartment in both surgeries （all P 〈0.05）. The distance from the puncture points of the pelvic floor through the ischiorectal fossa to the coccygeal and inferior gluteal arteries in the ProliftTM technique （（0.88＋0.10） cm） and （（1.59＋0.36） cm））were much shorter than that in the modified pelvic reconstructive surgery （（2.95＋0.09） cm） and （（3.40＋0,36） cm）） for the reconstruction of the middle and posterior compartments （all P 〈0.05）. Conclusions Compared with the ProliftTM technique, the modified pelvic reconstructive surgery with mesh would be safer not to cause great damage to the inferior gluteal arteries and the coccygeal arteries, The posterior branch of obturator arteries would be easier to be injured than the anterior branch of obturator arteries during anterior compartment reconstruction in both surgeries.     

43例胃神经内分泌癌的临床特征及根治性手术术后的预后因素分析

Background Gastric neuroendocrine carcinomas （g-NECs） are rare tumors that have aggressive biological behaviors and poor prognosis,but the prognostic factors of postoperative patients with g-NEC are still unclear.Our aim was to study and explore the clinical characteristics and prognostic factors of patients with g-NEC treated with radical surgery.Methods The clinical data of 43 g-NEC patients who underwent surgery from January 2002 to January 2011 at the Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University were analyzed.Follow-up was conducted by telephone,mail,or returning visit survey.Results The sizes of the 43 neuroendocrine carcinomas （G3） were 1.5 cm × 1.5 cm × 0.5 cm to 7 cm × 8 cm × 1.5 cm.Eight NECs were localized,and 35 had lymph node involvement,of which 1 also had hepatic metastasis.At the end of the follow-up,the follow-up rate was 97.7％ （42/43）,and the median follow-up time was 22.2 months.The median overall survival of g-NEC patients was 36.5 months,and the 1-,3-,and 5-year overall survival rates were 86.0％,51.6％,and 36.7％,respectively.Sex （P ＜0.05） and lymph node involvement （P ＜0.05） were prognostic factors of postoperative g-NEC patients,among which sex was an independent prognostic factor （P ＜0.05）,as a survival advantage of female patients over male was observed.Conclusions Most of the g-NECs were diagnosed at an advanced stage.The prognosis of g-NECs was related with sex and lymph node involvement,of which sex was an independent prognostic factor,with female patients having a survival advantage.     

Complication and safety of ultrasound guided percutaneous nephrolithotomy in 8 025 cases in China

Background Percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) was mostly performed with fluoroscopy and/or ultrasonography. The safety and feasibility of PCNL performed totally under ultrasound are not clearly defined. Therefore, we introduce the 9-year experience of 8 025 ultrasound guided PCNL procedures from multiple centers in China performed by the same surgeon, to evaluate the feasibility and security of this technique.

Methods From September 2004 to August 2013, 8 025 cases, 4 398 males (54.8%) and 3 627 females (45.2%), whose age ranged from 6 months to 85 years old, with upper urinary tract stones, underwent PCNL in our center and the supported hospitals. Puncture site selection and channel dilation were all guided using only Doppler ultrasound. Single stones were treated in 1 356 cases, there were 2 817 cases of multi stones, and 3 852 cases of staghorn calculi. The pre- and post-operative imaging data, the intraoperative findings, operation time, perioperative complications, and related parameters were recorded.

Results All procedures were successful. No patients died during the operation. Average operation time was 42 minutes (range 10 to 168 minutes), 4 cases converted to open surgery, and 2 patients lost the diseased kidney due to refractory bleeding in the early stage of the PCNL. Ninety-four (1.2%) patients received blood transfusions and 20 (0.25%) patients needed highly selective renal artery embolization. Fifteen (0.19%) patients had a pleural injury. 5 457 (68%) cases were completed by a single tract and 2 568 (32%) cases added more tracts. The mean stone size (longest diameter) was 2.8 cm (range 1.2 to 26.5 cm). The final stone-free rate was 85.5%. Residual stones occurred mainly in patients with renal dysfunction, medullary sponge kidney, and complete staghorn calculi with a slim calyceal neck.

Conclusions X-ray free Doppler ultrasound guided percutaneous nephrolithotomy is feasible and safe in a variety of cases of renal and/or upper ureteral stones. The probability of radiation hazard and adjacent organ injury is low. The morbidity from major complications was reduced remarkably after special training. It is worthy of wider use compared with fluoroscopy in patients with special kidneys (e.g. solitary kidney, spinal deformity, ectopic kidney) and in infants.

     

Validity of bone mineral density measurements in distal sites as an indicator of total bone mineral density in a group of pre-adolescent and adolescent women

BACKGROUND: The study of bone mineral density (BMD) has received attention due to the importance of osteoporosis as a public health problem in Mexico. The objective of this study was to assess the validity of BMD measures in distal forearm and calcaneus with portable densitometers as indicators of BMD on other anatomic sites. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional study with 219 women from 9 to 22 years of age in Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico. We measured BMD in central sites (the entire skeleton, excluding head, proximal femur, and lumbar spine) using dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and in peripheral sites (distal forearm and calcaneus) using a portable densitometer with DXA technology. Measurements of height, weight, body composition, physical activity, and demographic characteristics were collected. Agreement of measurements of BMD was assessed using correlation and regression analysis, and the method proposed by Bland and Altman. RESULTS: Higher levels of BMD were found in total skeleton (0.88 g/cm(2)) than in calcaneus (0.48 g/cm(2)) and distal forearm (0.38 g/cm(2)) (p <0.05). Moderate-to-high positive correlation coefficients (all significant) (p <0.05) were found between BMD in distal forearm and calcaneus vs. central anatomic sites, ranging from r = 0.49 to r = 0.78. BMD was higher in central sites compared with distal forearm and calcaneus. CONCLUSIONS: Measurement of BMD in distal forearm and calcaneus with portable densitometers provided valid indicators of BMD in central anatomic sites among pre-adolescent and adolescent women in Mexico.     

Effect of a combination of local flap and sequential compression-distraction osteogenesis in the reconstruction of post-traumatic tibial bone and soft tissue defects

Background Treatment of extensive post-traumatic composite bone and soft tissue defects remains a complicated therapeutic problem and a challenge for surgeons.We investigated the application of local f...     

骨质疏松症影像学诊断的研究现状

骨密度（BMD）的测量是骨质疏松症诊断的主要依据,现阶段测量骨密度的影像学方法有双能光子骨密度仪（DXA）、定量CT（QCT）、定量超声（QUS）、MRI、能谱CT等.本文将就各种方法的优势与劣势进行综述.     

外源性脂肪对DXA测量健康女性骨密度 结果的正性与负性作用

目的：观察外源性脂肪对Hologic QDR4500A型双能Ｘ线吸收测量法(dual energy X-ray absorptiometer,DXA)测量健康成年女性不同部位骨密度结果的影响。方法：准备5与10 cm厚的猪腹部脂肪垫各1块。测量37名健康成年女性（A组）腹部依次放置两种厚度脂肪垫前后的腰椎骨密度、18名女性（B组）髋部放置此两种厚度脂肪垫前后的髋部骨密度,以及8位女性(C组)腹部放置5 cm厚脂肪垫前后的全身骨密度。通过配对t检验比较放置外源性脂肪垫前后的骨密度。结果：腹部放置脂肪垫后,腰椎的骨面积、骨量、骨密度都显著下降(P＜0.001);髋部骨面积没有显著改变,但髋部股骨颈、大转子处及转子间骨量、骨密度均显著增加,差异有统计学意义 (P＜0.01～0.05);全身骨面积、骨量、骨密度在加5 cm厚脂肪垫前后没有显著变化,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论：腹部的外源性脂肪可以使Hologic QDR4500A型DXA测量腰椎骨密度测量结果显著下降,对全身骨密度结果没有影响;髋部的外源性脂肪使测量的髋部骨密度结果显著增加。     

Antimicrobial activity of linezolid combined with minocycline against vancomycin-resistant Enterococci

Background Vancomycin-resistant Enterococci (VRE) cause serious infections that are difficult to treat.We carried out this study to determine the mutant prevention concentration (MPC) of linezolid when...     

A finite element modeling of posterior atlantoaxial fixation and biomechanical analysis of C2 intralaminar screw fixation

Background The objective of this study was to use three-dimensional finite element （FE） models to analyze the stability and the biomechanics of two upper cervical fixation methods：the C2 intralaminar screw method and the C2 pedicle screw method.Methods From computed tomography images,a nonlinear three-dimensional FE model from C0 （occiput） to C3 was developed with anatomic detail.The C2 intralaminar screw and the C2 pedicle screw systems were added to the model,in parallel to establish the interlaminar model and the pedicle model.The two models were operated with all possible states of motion and physiological loads to simulate normal movement.Results Both the C2 intralaminar screw method and the C2 pedicle screw method significantly reduced motion compared with the intact model.There were no statistically significant differences between the two methods.The Von Mises stresses of the internal and external laminar walls were similar between the two methods.Stability was also similar.Conclusions The C2 intralaminar screw method can complement but cannot completely replace the C2 pedicle screw method.Clinicians would need to assess and decide which approach to adopt for the best therapeutic effect.     

A preliminary study of genes related to concomitant chemoradiotherapy resistance in advanced uterine cervical squamous cell carcinoma

Background Tumor intrinsic chemoradiotherapy resistance is the primary factor in concomitant chemoradiotherapy failure in advanced uterine cervical squamous cell carcinoma. This study aims to identify a set of genes and molecular pathways related to this condition.     

胃转流术治疗2型糖尿病疗效观察

Background  Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (GBP) is the main surgical procedure used in type 2 diabetes. The objective of this study was to evaluate the different types of GBP in treatment of type 2 diabetes.

Methods  Patients with type 2 diabetes were randomly divided into two groups: those who underwent gastrojejunal loop anastomosis bypass and those who underwent gastrojejunal Roux-en-Y bypass. Blood glucose alterations, operation time, and operation complications were observed.

Results  Gastrojejunal loop anastomosis bypass and gastrojejunal Roux-en-Y bypass were both effective in the treatment of selected patients with type 2 diabetes. Compared with gastrojejunal Roux-en-Y bypass, gastrojejunal loop anastomosis bypass had the advantages of easier implementation, shorter operation time, and fewer operation complications.

Conclusions  Gastrojejunal loop anastomosis is effective in treatment of type 2 diabetes. It is safe, easy to implement, and worthy of clinical popularization.