青年人肺癌30例临床分析

目的：对30例青年人肺癌患者误诊原因进行分析整理，提高对该病的认识。方法：回顾性分析总结1992年-2002年年龄≤32岁的青年人肺癌患者的临床与病理资料。结果：青年人肺癌占我院同期肺癌确诊患者的9.7％，本组误诊率为73.3％,确诊靠病理学检查。结论：青年人肺癌的发病率越来越高，降低误诊率对该病的治疗与预后有重要的意义。     

青年人肺癌临床及病理特点分析

目的探讨≤40岁青年人肺癌的临床与病理特点。方法 回顾分析1990年1月-2008年12月我院确诊的64例青年人肺癌的临床与病理特征。结果 青年人肺癌发病有逐年上升趋势, 且青年人肺癌以腺癌发病率较高, 达56.25%, 与文献报道相一致, 且女性肺癌有上升趋势。结论 青年人肺癌由于发现晚, 恶性程度较高, 虽经多方综合治疗, 但预后仍较差。     

青年人肺癌62例临床分析

目的 探讨青年人肺癌的临床病理特点,为其早期诊断提供理论依据.方法 对我院收治的资料较完整的62例青年人肺癌的临床资料进行回顾性分析.结果 青年人肺癌男女比例为1.70∶1;病理类型以腺癌最多( 51.6%),鳞癌次之( 30.6%);临床分期以Ⅲ、Ⅳ期居多,占87.1%;手术切除率低;1年生存率为23.3%;误诊率为50.0%.结论 青年人肺癌临床表现变化多样,缺乏特异性,误诊率高,确诊时多属晚期,预后差.重视青年人肺癌的早期表现,充分利用各种检查手段并综合分析,有助于青年人肺癌的早期诊断及治疗.     

青,老年肺癌外科治疗效果对比观察

我们对112例青年人肺癌及238例老年人肺癌的病理类型、临床分型及外科治疗进行对照分析。青年人肺癌女性居多,小细胞癌与低分化癌比率大,术后生存率低,老年人肺癌男性最多,鳞癌最多,术后生存率高于青年组,但TNM分期的ⅠⅡ期,术后生存率两组无统计学差异,提示对青年人肺癌之外科治疗更要强调早期诊断和早期手术。而老年人尽管晚期肺癌只要掌握手术适应证也常能收到较满意效果。     

52例青年人肺癌纤维支气管镜诊断分析

本文回顾了52例青年人肺癌的纤维支气管镜检查结果，认为纤维支气管镜可直接观察病灶，获得病理标本，并有效弥补CT检查的不足，故对于临床怀疑肺癌的青年人应积极行纤维支气管镜检查。     

不同时期青年人肺癌诊断和预后的比较分析

近年来随着影像学诊断技术、纤维支气管镜技术的进步和治疗水平的提高 ,肺癌的早期诊断及预后已有明显改善[1] 。为了确定这种趋势是否对青年人肺癌产生影响 ,我们对 1963年至 1997年我院收治的青年人肺癌患者进行了对比分析。1　材料与方法1.1　临床资料　 4 0岁以下肺癌患者 (经病理学或细胞学证实 ) 2 0 8例 ,占全部肺癌患者 2 369例的 8.8%。其中 1963～ 1979年 (简称 63～ 79年组 ) 64例 ,占同期肺癌患者的 11.7% (64/ 5 4 9) ;1980～ 1997年 (简称 80～97年组 ) 144例 ,占同期肺癌的 7.9% (144 / 182 0 )。1.2　方法　比较两组的年龄…     

青年人与老年人肺癌的比较

目的 对青年人肺癌（年龄≤40岁）和老年人肺癌（年龄≥70岁）的病理类型、临床表现、性别比例、临床分期及对治疗的选择进行比较。方法 回顾性收集6年来在我院经病理学证实青年人组70例及老年人组135例肺癌患者的年龄、性别、组织学分类、起始症状、临床分期及治疗经过进行比较。结果 （1）青年人组中女性患者比例较老年人组明显增高（P＜0.01)。青年人组腺癌的比例亦较老年组高。（2）青年组中出现胸痛症状的比例明显高于老年人组（P＜0.01)。（3）青年人组中中晚、期比例略高于老年人组，但统计学上无显著性差异。（4）青年人组中手术治疗及放化疗的比例要明显高于老年人组（P＜0.01)，老年人组中更倾向于保守治疗。结论 青年人肺癌与老年人肺癌相比，女性患者比例明显增高，腺癌比例增高，疾病进展迅速，恶性度高，且易误诊。早期诊断，积极治疗能提高肺癌的生存期。     

青年人原发性肺癌临床特点及诊治的研究进展

肺癌是全球最常见的恶性肿瘤之一,具有很高的发病率和死亡率,在中国一直是威胁人类健康的主要原因.近年来发现青年人的肺癌发病率有较稳定的上升趋势,然而先前关于青年人肺癌临床特点以及预后的统计资料存在很大的差异.由于大量的研究存在对青年人肺癌年龄的不同界定,因此我们很难比较在青年人肺癌研究中所得到的结果.本文就目前青年人肺癌的临床特点及诊治研究结果的差异作一综述.     

青年人肺癌与老年人肺癌的病理类型与外科治疗

 本文就我院纤支镜检,并经病理和或细胞学确诊之青年人肺癌251例、老年人肺癌409例进行对照分析。从性别年龄构成比可见女性随年龄增高而相对减少,所以,老年人肺癌男性最多,青年人肺癌女性相对为多。从病理类型构成比可见鳞癌随年龄增高而相对增多;小细胞癌则相对减少。所以,老年人肺癌鳞癌最多;青年人肺癌小细胞癌相对为多。青年组术后随访1年以上70例;老年组124例。青年组术后生存率最低、老年组最高。     

青年人肺癌的误诊原因分析及其早期诊断

对我院1980～1996年间临床误诊的25例青年人肺癌进行了回顾性分析，以期提高青年人肺癌的早期确诊率。25例误诊患者占同期青年人肺癌患者的71．4％。误诊疾病为肺炎、肺结核、支气管扩张、纵隔肿物、肺脓肿等。对误诊原因进行了分析，并就其早期诊断、减少误诊的发生提出了相应的对策。     

Lung cancer trends in young adults: an early indicator of progress in tobacco control (United States)

Objective: Tobacco smoking is known to increase lung cancer occurrence beginning in young adulthood, although age-specific rates have not been used to monitor the early consequences of tobacco control efforts in the United States. We evaluated state trends in lung cancer death rates among young adults in relation to an index of state tobacco control activities and conventional indices of current smoking and cessation. Methods: We calculated lung cancer death rates in young adults (age 30–39 years) over two time intervals from 1990–1994 through 1995–1999 in states with at least 25 deaths per interval. We measured the correlation of an index of state tobacco control in 1992–1993 with absolute rates and with total percent change during the two time intervals. Results: Both lung cancer death rates during the recent time interval (1995–1999) and the change in these rates from 1990–1994 correlated strongly and inversely with the index of state tobacco control efforts measured in 1992–1993. Lung cancer death rates decreased in states with high tobacco control efforts, but increased in states with low tobacco control efforts. Tobacco control indices were strongly and positively correlated with cessation of smoking by age 30–39 years. Conclusions: Lung cancer death rates among young adults are strongly and inversely correlated with recent indices of tobacco control. Future monitoring of the effectiveness of statewide comprehensive tobacco control programs should assess trends in lung cancer rates in young adults as well as youth and adult smoking prevalence.     

Trends in lung cancer mortality among young adults in Japan

BACKGROUND: Trends in lung cancer mortality among young adults, which are important for projecting future trends, have not been explored previously in Japan. METHODS: Using data from the National Vital Statistics between 1958 and 2003, we compiled lung cancer mortality by sex and 5-year birth cohort among young adults aged 20-49. RESULTS: Mortality among those aged 20-29 has consistently decreased regardless of sex. There were birth cohort effects in mortality from lung cancer, although these were less evident among women than among men. Both men and women born in the 1930s had lower mortality rates, while those born after 1940 had higher lung cancer mortality rates. Mortality rates appear to be declining for male birth cohorts born after 1950 and female birth cohorts after 1960, although these trends may not be stable due to the small number of deaths in these cohorts. CONCLUSION: Lung cancer mortality trends appear to be decreasing among young adults. This might be associated with the lower mortality of birth cohorts after 1950 for men and the 1960s birth cohorts for women. Careful monitoring is needed to confirm continuation of these declining trends.     

中青年与老年非吸烟女性肺癌危险因素的比较研究

目的 分析比较中青年和老年非吸烟女性肺癌的危险因素。方法 于1992年2月～1993年12月，在上海市区完成了一项大规模全人群女性肺癌病例对照研究，共调查了非吸烟女性肺癌病例504例及人群对照601例。根据年龄把研究对象分为两组，35～54岁和55～69岁组，并分析比较两组的结果。单因素分析采用Mantel—Haenszel分层分析法，进一步调整混杂因素采用多变量logistic回归模型。结果分析结果显示，中青年组危险因素是做饭时眼和喉烟雾刺激感，最高一组比数比为3．40；其次是肺癌家族史，比数为5．80。而保护因素是饮茶(OR：0．40)和活产次数(5次及以上组OR：0．39)。老年组的危险因素主要是：高身体指数(最高一组OR：1．69)、工作场所被动吸烟史(OR：1.55)、厨房在卧室内(OR：1．50)、做饭时厨房内烟雾较多(OR：2．43)、菜油为主要食用油(OR：1.94)等。此外。肺结核病史和肺癌家族史可能增加老年女性患肺癌的危险性。保护因素是维生素C(最高一组OR：0．45)，趋势检验有统计学意义。中青年组和老年组肺癌的结果比较表明，无论是危险因素还是保护因素，两者都有不同。结论 中青年和老年非吸烟女性肺癌的病因可能存在一定的差异。     

Adolescent smoking and trends in lung cancer incidence among young adults in Norway 1954–1998

OBJECTIVE: To describe the national trends in lung cancer incidence among young adults and the relationship to adolescent smoking. METHODS: Between 1954 and 1998, a total of 1108 non-carcinoid lung cancers were reported to the Cancer Registry of Norway in individuals aged 20-44 years. Temporal variations were studied in age and sex specific rates, in age-adjusted rates, and by means of age-period-cohort modelling. The association between cancer incidence and smoking prevalence was evaluated. RESULTS: The lung cancer incidence rate among women aged 40-44 in Norway continued to increase into the most recent time interval (1994-1998) whereas the rate among men aged 40-44 was essentially constant after 1970. Consequently, lung cancer incidence rates converged among male and female young adults. Lung cancer incidence rates at age 40-44 were highly correlated with smoking prevalence at age 15-19 in males ( r = 0.88) and females ( r = 0.82) within the same birth cohort. CONCLUSIONS: The lung cancer incidence rate in young Norwegian women now equals that of men. The risk at age 40-44 was closely associated with teenage smoking, indicating that duration and age of onset are important.     

Mortality Trends for Lung Cancer and Smoking Prevalence In Peru

Objectives: Lung cancer continues to be  the leading cause of cancer-related deathworldwide. Have been reported high mortality rates from lung cancer in Latin America, but the disparities within the regions of Peru and under-reporting death certification reported prevent the inclusion of Peru in analysis of the mortality trends for lung cancer. We evaluated lung cancer mortality trends and smoking prevalence in Peru and its geographical areas. Materials and Methods: We obtained the data from the registry of the Peruvian Ministry of Health between 2008 and 2017. Mortality rates per 100,000 person-years were computed using the world’s SEGI population and trends were analyzed using the Joinpoint regression Program Version 4.7.0. Smoking prevalence was estimated from the Demographic and Family Health Survey. Results: In Peru, mortality rates were roughly 1.3 times higher in males than in females. The coast region had significant downward trends among males, whereas the highlands region had significant upward trends among females. According to provinces, Apurimac showed an annually significant rise in both sexes (+10.6% in males, and +11.6% in females). In general, smoking prevalence was higher in males compared to females, principally among young adults.   Conclusions: Peru showed downward mortality trends in the last decade with variability across regions. Males had a higher smoking prevalence, principally among young adults. Public health interventions for smoking reduction should be implemented to reduce lung cancer mortality.     

Cancer and age

Age is the greatest risk factor for the development of cancer. For etiologic purposes, newly diagnosed cases of cancer among a defined population during a specified time (incidence) is the usual way of depicting cancer as it relates to age. Exposure to carcinogens in utero or perinatally can produce cancers soon after birth or years later. Cancers in older children have been related to growth factors and/or a single exposure to high doses of radiation. Hodgkin's disease occurring among young adults is different histologically, clinically, and prognostically than Hodgkin's disease among older adults. For the disease among young adults, the hypothesis is that clinical disease reflects the rare consequences of a prevalent infection of low pathogenicity; age of infection is determined by socioeconomic status. In older adults, it more closely resembles the lymphomas. This suggests dynamic trends associated with changing social environments related to etiologic factors. Among adults, the steady increase in colon cancer among both genders represents constant exposure to a carcinogen(s) starting in early life and persisting throughout older ages. Breast cancer is divided into pre- and postmenopausal phases on the basis of its age distribution. International differences in postmenopausal breast cancer suggest environmental factors in postmenopausal women and genetic and hormonal factors in premenopausal women. The age distribution of lung cancer increases linearly with the amount of cigarettes smoked and there is no indication of a threshold below which cigarette smoke is safe. The downturn among the oldest age groups results from competing causes of death or reflects a cohort effect of different exposure over time. Further, the pattern of lung cancer suggests exposure to a carcinogenic agent including substances that act principally as promoters.     

Tumeur d’Askin : à propos d’un cas avec revue de la littérature

Askin tumor is a rare malignant tumor arising from soft tissues of the chest wall, rarely in the lung. It occurs predominantly in young adults. It still raises many questions about its individualisation and its links with Ewing's sarcoma. We report a case of Askin tumor in a 5-year-old child with reviewing the different data from the literature.     

Primary leiomyosarcoma of the lung--a case report

One case of primary leiomyosarcoma of the lung is presented. Leiomyosarcoma of the lung is a rare tumor. Of 83 cases reported in the literatures, 54 were recorded in detail. The incidence of the disease in the male is higher than that in the female. Children, adolescents and young adults may be involved. Its clinical and X-ray manifestations are similar to those of lung cancer. The diagnosis is established by pathologic examination. Direct visualization, biopsy and brushing during bronchoscopy are important methods for preoperative diagnosis. The chance of positive sputum cytology is very small. The pathologic features of this disease are emphasized. It is suggested that surgery be more effective for this tumor than the other lung cancers.     

Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and risk of lung cancer mortality in a low-risk population: A cohort study

Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is associated with poor prognosis in patients with lung cancer, but the predictive role of NLR on the risk of developing lung cancer is unknown. We investigated the association between NLR and lung cancer mortality in lung cancer-free adults. A cohort study was performed with 527,124 Korean adults who were free of lung cancer and were followed for up to 16 years. Vital status and lung cancer-related deaths were ascertained through national death records. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for lung cancer mortality were estimated using a Cox proportional hazards model. During 4,567,495.8 person-years of follow-up, 574 lung cancer deaths were identified. A higher NLR was positively associated with lung cancer mortality. The multivariable-adjusted HR (95% CI) for lung cancer mortality comparing quintiles 2, 3, 4 and 5 of NLR to the lowest quintile were 1.26 (0.96–1.67), 1.23 (0.93–1.63), 1.33 (1.01–1.75) and 1.47 (1.13–1.92), respectively. The highest risk of lung cancer mortality was also observed in the highest NLR quintile among never-smokers and low-risk individuals after adjusting for lung function and other possible confounders. Platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio showed an inverse J-shaped association with lung cancer mortality in men but the trends in women, low-risk individuals or never-smokers were neither linear nor U-shaped. In this large cohort of young and middle-aged individuals, NLR was independently associated with increased risk of lung cancer mortality in low-risk individuals, indicating a role of systemic inflammation in lung cancer mortality in our study population.