老年人根管治疗疗效相关因素分析

目的 研究老年人根管治疗疗效及其影响因素。方法 对56例65岁以上老年人在根管治疗后2年以上的126颗牙齿进行检查，按治疗年限分三组，2～3年组，4～5年组以及6年以上组，应用根尖周指数(Periapical-index)评定X线片并综合临床检查，对其疗效进行评价。结果 老年人根管治疗成功率为72．2％；三组间根管治疗成功率无显著性差异。恰填根管治疗的成功率(82.2％)比欠填和超填的的成功率(47．2%)要高；恰填病例中，冠方修复体质量好的患牙比质量差的患牙根尖周炎发病率低(25．7％和58.4％)；去除欠填和超填病例后，桩冠修复患牙的根管治疗成功率为58.8％，而未做桩冠修复的患牙成功率为87．5％。结论 根充质量、冠方修复体质量、桩冠修复是影响老年人根管治疗疗效的主要因素。     

1432例根管治疗的临床疗效分析

目的：评价根管治疗术（RCT）治疗前患牙情况和根管充填情况对疗效的影响。方法：随机抽取完成RCT的1432个患牙为研究对象，分析RCT的治疗质量、2年后临床疗效、治疗前患牙情况和根管充填情况对疗效的影响。结果：1432个患牙，RCT的恰填率为69．34％，欠填率为12．01％，超填率为16．06％；漏填率为2．58％，磨牙前磨牙根管全治率（无遗漏根管）96．52％。患牙2年回访725个，回访率50．63％。2年临床成功687个牙，成功率94．76％。恰填、欠填、超填、漏填的成功率分别为98．72％、78．57％、87．80％、78．57％；牙髓病和根尖周病的成功率分别为恰填98．79％、98．65％，欠填91．18％、70．00％，超填90．32％、86．27％，漏填80．00％、77．78％。结论：前牙根管充填质量最好；2年后恰填成功率最高；当充填有缺陷时，相同缺陷情况下根尖周病组成功率明显低于牙髓炎病组，尤其欠填和漏填对有根尖周病的成功率影响更大。     

1698例根管治疗的疗效影响因素分析

目的探讨根管充填质量、牙髓及根尖周病变状况和牙体修复对根管治疗的疗效影响。方法随机抽取完成根管治疗术后2年的1021例患者1698颗患牙为研究对象进行回访,常规拍摄牙片,检查术后2年根管充填及根尖周状况、牙体修复的完整性,分析根管充填质量、根管治疗疗程、牙髓及根尖周病变状况、牙体修复对疗效的影响。结果 1698颗患牙,适填率在各牙位间的差异有统计学意义（χ2=297.99,P〈0.05）,根管治疗平均疗程13～25d。共回访610例890颗患牙,回访率52.41%。适填、欠填、超填患牙的成功率差异有统计学意义（χ2=98.71,P〈0.05）,充填程度为适填的成功率较高;适填时牙髓病及根尖周病患牙的成功率差异无统计学意义（χ2=0.066,P〉0.05）,欠填和超填时牙髓病和根尖病患牙的成功率均明显低于适填。牙髓病患牙欠填、超填、适填的成功率差异有统计学意义（χ2=18.4570,P〈0.05）,牙髓病患牙欠填和超填时成功率接近,差异无统计学意义（χ2=0.0479,P〉0.05）;根尖周病患牙欠填、超填、适填的成功率差异有统计学意义（χ2=68.6891,P〈0.05）,根尖周病患牙欠填与超填时的成功率差异无统计学意义（χ2=3.7240,P〉0.05）。牙体修复良好的成功率较高。前牙疗效最好,磨牙疗效欠佳,疗程也较长。结论根管充填质量、牙髓及根尖周病变状况、牙体修复是影响疗效的主要因素,根管治疗后应及时做完善牙体修复。     

老年人根管治疗术疗效的相关因素

本研究采用根尖周指数(PAI)并结合临床检查,观察老年人根管治疗术的疗效及其影响因素。1材料和方法在本院特诊科选择年龄≥60岁并做根管治疗术2年以上的60例患者共100个患牙,按治疗年限,分为2～3年、4～5年、6年以上3组。临床指标包括:主观症状、患牙功能、叩诊、松动度、牙周状况、有无窦道、修复体状况(是否密合,有无裂纹、悬突等)。X线指标:根充情况,恰填=根充物距根尖≤2mm;欠填=根充物距根尖≥2mm;超填=根充物末端超出根尖。修复体良好=边缘封闭;差=有悬突、裂纹或缺损。PAI分级,1级:牙周膜间隙均匀一致,无增宽,或牙周膜从根尖向侧…     

高嵌体修复年轻第一恒磨牙残冠

作者于 1998 7～ 1999.6采用高嵌体修复 6 4颗大面积龋坏 ,不易充填治疗的年轻第一恒磨牙 ,作为以后桩冠修复的过渡 ,经半年以上随访观察取得较好效果。现报告如下。材料与方法1 病例选择　患牙根尖已形成 ,无明显根尖病变 ,牙冠破坏大 ,不宜单纯充填治疗 ,残留牙体组织抗力形差 ,不能备牙以作全冠修复 ,需要修复体加高恢复咬合者。患者共 41人 ,男 2 3例 ,女 18例 ,年龄 10～ 16岁 ,共 64颗第一恒磨牙。2 方法2 1　常规根管根充治疗 ,Ｘ线片示恰填 ,允许少量超填 ,不能欠填 >2ｍｍ。2 2　牙体预备　根充 2周后复诊无症状 ,作常规高嵌体…     

热塑牙胶充填根管临床观察

目的：观察连续波热塑牙胶注射法充填根管的临床效果.方法：选择360例根管治疗患者,共380颗牙,其中240颗牙用热塑牙胶注射充填仪做连续波热塑牙胶充填根管,140颗牙用常规冷牙胶侧方加压充填根管,通过X线片比较两组病例的充填质量并比较两组病例间每根管根充需用时间.结果：X线片显示连续波热塑牙胶充填组欠填率1.67％,超填率2.91％,恰填率95.41％,冷牙胶侧压充填组欠填率8.57％,超填率2.85％,恰填率88.57％,比较两组间欠填率与恰填率有统计学差异（P＜0.05）,连续波热塑牙胶充填组平均每根管根充时间8 min.冷牙胶侧压组充填平均每根管根充时间12 min.连续波热塑牙胶充填组缩短根充时间30％.结论：连续波热塑牙胶充填术比冷牙胶侧方加压充填术根管充填质量更高且节约根充时间,提高了工作效率.     

根管充填质量与临床疗效观察

目的：对试尖后根管充填患牙进行临床疗效观察。方法：随机选取2006～2007年完成的根管充填病例共486个患牙X线片及临床资料,按试尖与未试尖分成实验组263个牙和对照组223个牙,通过对比充填内1周疼痛发生率观察两组根管充填质量。结果：①实验组和对照组恰填、超填和欠填率分别为88.97%和72.65%、4.18%和15.25%及6.84%和12.11%。恰填率和超填率两组间有统计学差异（p〈0.05）。②实验组和对照组无痛率、可自愈疼痛率和非自愈疼痛率分别为90.11%和79.82%、9.13%和14.80%及1.14%和4.93%。无痛率和非自愈疼痛率两组间有统计学差异（p〈0.05）。③两组恰填率与无痛率呈负相关（p〈0.05）。结论：试尖可明显提高根管充填质量,提高近期临床治疗效果。     

493颗根管再治疗患牙的临床分析

目的研究影响根管治疗效果的常见因素,以提高根管治疗成功率。方法收集405例根管再治疗患者共493颗患牙,包括前牙115颗,前磨牙91颗,磨牙287颗。记录患牙的临床表现、X线片表现、冠修复或充填情况、根管再治疗情况等,分析临床上影响根管治疗效果的问题,总结引起治疗失败的原因。结果患牙中,根管欠填464颗(94.1%)、超填8颗(1.6%),遗漏根管138颗(28.0%),存在钙化根管134颗(27.2%),根管偏移202颗(41.0%),根管内异物27颗(5.5%),髓腔或根管穿孔15颗(3.0%),冠方修复不完善340颗(69.0%),有根尖暗影356颗(72.2%),有症状的患牙307颗(62.7%)。磨牙遗漏根管、根管偏移的比例较前磨牙和前牙高。470颗患牙能够顺利完成根管再治疗,23颗患牙因根管异物无法取出、根管超填、根管偏移严重、治疗中根尖区侧穿、髓腔穿孔较大等问题经根管再治疗后症状不缓解而拔除。结论引起根管治疗失败的常见因素主要是根管欠填、冠方修复不完善、根管偏移、遗漏根管,大多数患牙采用规范的根管治疗技术进行根管再治疗可以取得较好的临床治疗效果。     

D.T. Light-Post纤维桩修复后牙牙体缺损的临床研究

目的 研究D.T. Light-Post纤维桩用于后牙牙体缺损桩核修复的治疗效果.方法 25例29颗需行牙体缺损修复的上下颌后牙,经完善的根管治疗,使用D.T. Light-Post纤维桩进行桩核修复,观察12～18个月,通过临床和X线检查,评估桩核修复体的疗效.结果 29颗患牙中, 1个桩冠修复体脱落,其余修复体完好,未发生根折和桩折,治疗成功率为96.6%.结论 D.T. Light-Post纤维桩具有良好的力学性能,可用于后牙牙体缺损的桩核修复.     

1423例根管治疗的临床分析

目的　评价四川大学华西口腔医院近年来根管治疗(RCT)的临床质量。方法　随机选择2001年3月~ 2002年2月在四川大学华西口腔医院牙体牙髓科门诊完成RCT的1 423颗患牙为研究对象,分析RCT的治疗质量及疗程情况。治疗2年后回访,评价RCT的2年临床疗效。结果　1 423颗患牙RCT的恰填率为79·97%,欠填率为 14·62%,超填率为5·41%;磨牙根管全治率为89·44%;平均疗程为2·8周。患牙2年回访率为48·84%,RCT2年临床成功率为94·39%。结论　2001~2002年华西口腔医院牙体牙髓科RCT临床质量较好,但磨牙RCT治疗质量有待提高,RCT疗程需缩短。     

不同剂型玻璃离子水门汀溶解性比较研究

目的:研究、比较不同剂型玻璃离子水门汀的溶解性和表面微观形态改变,为临床使用提供依据.方法:将3M树脂加强型玻璃离子水门汀(水粉剂型)、GC玻璃离子水门汀(水粉剂型)及GC玻璃离子水门汀(双糊剂型)分别在人工唾液中浸泡30 d,冷热循环15000次,烘干测重,比较前后质量变化,计算溶解率,并用扫描电镜观察表面微观改变.结果:不同剂型的玻璃离子水门汀溶解率由高到低分别为3M树脂加强型玻璃离子水门汀(水粉剂型)、GC玻璃离子水门汀(水粉剂型)、GC玻璃离子水门汀(双糊剂型).3种玻璃离子水门汀经浸泡溶解后,SEM扫描表面微观形态可观察到GE玻璃离子水门汀(双糊剂型)表面形态改变较少,其他2组玻璃离子水门汀表面微观改变较多.结论:双糊剂型玻璃离子水门汀理化性能及溶解率均低于传统水粉剂型,是未来临床修复治疗的的良好选择.     

Evidence of the validity of a model of determinants of quality of restorative dental care

A model describing the relationship between self-reported quality of restorative dentistry and dentist characteristics for 119 Montana general dentists is presented. The best predictors formed a significant model explaining 22% of the variance of the quality measure. Results are contrasted with a previous estimation of the model for 102 Washington general practitioners. Evidence for the external validity of the model is presented.     

Design of clinical trials of traditional therapies of periodontitis

The present paper on the design of clinical trials of periodontal therapy first addresses the issue of the etiology of periodontal disease. It is suggested that most if not all forms of destructive periodontal disease are caused by microorganisms and that there are different forms of disease with different microbial etiologies. The progressive nature of destructive periodontal disease is subsequently discussed and it is emphasized that, in a given patient, periodontal sites which show signs of inflammation and attachment loss may not over a period of several months and years show further sign of attachment loss. The present methods of assessing periodontal disease do not allow us to discriminate between potentially active and inactive sites in untreated patients. The significance and variability of indicators of periodontal disease such as bleeding on probing, probing pocket depth and probing attachment level measurements are discussed. The errors inherent in the various measurements are analyzed and suggestions are presented describing how alterations in any of the above parameters could be identified and presented in a clinical trial. Of concern for the statistical analysis of clinical data of periodontal disease is the definition of the "experimental unit". For a number of years, the "experimental unit" in periodontal trials was the patient. It is clear, however, that different sites within the same individual show different patterns of disease progression and lesion morphology and often respond differently to periodontal therapy. Statistical analyses must consequently be designed which recognize differences in site-to-site infection and lesion morphology within a common host. Until such analyses are available, the investigator should be wary of pooling data within the same individual, since such pooling may obscure meaningful alternatives which may take place in individual periodontal sites. Some goals of periodontal therapy are subsequently identified. 4 goals are discussed more in detail, namely: to establish conditions which will allow the patient to maintain a dentition without further breakdown of the periodontium; to reduce pocket depth to establish an anatomy in the dentogingival region which with proper maintainance care will prevent the re-establishment of the subgingival infection; to gain attachment as a result of treatment; to assess the effect of a certain chemotherapeutic agent on periodontal disease.     

Experimental evidence of formation of imines in the course of reduction of hydrazones

The reduction of hydrazones is generally suggested to proceed through a reductive cleavage of the nitrogen–nitrogen bond followed by a reduction of the carbon–nitrogen bond. This sequence of reduction processes is here supported for fluorenone (V) and benzophenone (VI) hydrazones as well as by a comparison of the reduction of fluorenone and benzophenone hydrazonium ions (I,III) with corresponding imines (II,IV). Another proof of the presence of imines as intermediates is the splitting of four-electron waves of hydrazones V and VI and hydrazonium ions I and VIII into two waves at pH < 2. This has been interpreted as due to differences in slopes dE_1/2/dpH and pK_a-values of protonated hydrazine derivatives on one side and corresponding imines on the other. In this pH-range imines formed in reductions of VI and VIII are reduced in a single two-electron wave, those of I and V in two one-electron steps. Fluorenone imine (II) is sufficiently stable to allow recording of time-independent current–voltage curves between pH 6 and 11. In this pH-range the imine (II) is reduced in two one-electron steps. Benzophenone imine (IV) has been found stable between pH 4.6 and 12. At pH 4.6–8 the reduction of the imine IV takes place in a single two-electron step, at pH 8–12 in two one-electron steps. Final proof of the initial cleavage of the N–N bond is presented by comparison with the reduction of nitrones.     

Evaluation of efficacy of chemiluminescence for diagnosis of leukoplakia

ObjectiveLeukoplakia is the most common potentially malignant disorder preceding oral cancer. Chemiluminescence has been developed as an adjunct to conventional examination for the diagnosis of these potentially malignant disorders. This study was conducted to assess the efficacy of chemiluminescence in the diagnosis of leukoplakia and to compare the results with histopathological examination.Study designA total of 50 patients with leukoplakia were included from the outpatients attending the Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Dental Hospital, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India. These patients were subjected to conventional oral examination followed by chemiluminescent examination with Vizilite (Zila, Fort Collins, CO, USA) and biopsy for histopathological confirmation.ResultsThe sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of chemiluminescence were 93.75%, 55.56%, 78.95%, and 83.3%, respectively. The overall accuracy of chemiluminescence was 80%. A statistically significant association was observed between histopathology results and chemiluminescence results.ConclusionAlthough it is an easy, safe, minimal time consuming, and noninvasive technique, it has only adjunctive utility and it does not replace biopsy for the diagnosis of leukoplakia.     

Electrodeposition of bilayers of dithiols

We report an electrochemical method to form a bilayer of dithiol. The cyclic voltammogram of the oxidative deposition of an aromatic dithiol on gold from an alkaline aqueous solution reveals two current peaks separated by more than 400 mV. The integrated charge of the oxidative current peak (B) at the most positive potential is twice that of the other oxidative current peak (A). These two oxidative current peaks were characterized by differential capacitance and electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance (EQCM) measurements. A decrease of the capacity by a factor of two, and an increase of the EQCM frequency change by a factor of two were observed when the potential was scanned from a value where only the first oxidative peak (A) is obtained, to a potential where both oxidative current peaks (A and B) are obtained. Infrared spectra show that the aromatic dithiols adsorb vertically at potentials corresponding to the current peak A and they become tilted for potentials corresponding to the current peak B. The simple relationships between the properties of the two oxidative current peaks are found to be compatible with a step-wise oxidative deposition of a bilayer of dithiol.     

正畸患者切牙影像失真发生情况分析

目的研究正畸患者曲面体层片上的切牙影像失真发生情况，并分析其原因。 方法从中山大学附属口腔医院放射科影像数据库中选取500例正畸患者的曲面体层片和头影测量侧位片，所有曲面体层片均采用咬合杆投照，分别从切牙牙体影像放大、缩小、牙根变短、根尖模糊等评价指标分析上下颌切牙影像失真的发生情况，在头影测量侧位片上测量中切牙根尖-对颌切牙切缘的距离，探讨切牙影像失真发生的原因。采用SPSS 19.0统计软件对所得数据进行统计学检验。 结果500例患者中，切牙牙体影像正常者共417例，切牙牙体影像失真者共83例，影像失真发生率16.6%，其中切牙牙体影像放大17例、牙体影像缩小0例、牙根变短30例，牙根影像变短伴模糊36例。影像失真患者的根尖-切缘距离大于影像正常的患者，差异有统计学意义（F = 5 187.18，P = 0）；影像失真患者的覆盖值大于影像正常的患者，差异有统计学意义（F>477，P = 0）。 结论严重牙颌面畸形如反 、深覆盖是导致曲面体层片的切牙影像失真的主要原因之一。     

5种着色氧化锆陶瓷的细胞毒性评价

目的：对掺杂5种微量着色剂的氧化锆陶瓷的生物安全性进行初步评价.方法：采用四氮唑盐比色法（MTT）细胞毒性评价方法,用5种着色氧化锆陶瓷材料的浸提液体外培养L929小鼠成纤维细胞2 d、4 d、7 d,于倒置相差显微镜下观察细胞形态;用MTT检测各实验组和对照组的吸光度值（OD值）,计算各组细胞的相对增殖率,并按照6级毒性分类法对各实验组进行评级.结果：培养期细胞贴壁生长,细胞形态正常.随着培养天数增加细胞大量增殖,各实验组的毒性评级为0-1级.结论：添加5种微量着色剂的氧化锆陶瓷无细胞毒性,具备体内应用的生物安全基础.     

颌骨动静脉畸形的栓塞治疗

目的：总结直接穿刺结合经血管内介入栓塞治疗颌骨动静脉静脉畸形的经验。方法：收治凳骨动静脉畸形患者6例,均进行了介入栓塞治疗。采用的栓塞材料为附凝血棉纤毛的螺圈,聚乙烯醇泡沫微粒和二氰基丙烯酸对丁酯。数字减影颈动脉造影在PHILIPSV300下完成。结果6例颌骨动静脉畸形患者中4,例急性出血得到了快速、有效控制,1例慢性渗血的右下 骨动静脉畸形患者,介入栓塞治疗,拔除松动的右下凳第一磨牙,有效地控制了出血,另1例伴局部软组织搏动性膨隆的上凳骨动静脉畸形患者,介入治疗后膨隆的搏动性得到明显改善,栓塞治疗后分别随访3－24个月,均未发现有口腔内渗血或出血。随访的X线片上,病灶区可见新骨形成。结论：局部穿刺结合经血管内介入栓塞治疗颌骨动静畸形是一种安全、有效的治疗方法。