复方氟米松软膏治疗慢性湿疹、神经性皮炎的临床疗效观察

目的：观察复方氟米松软膏治疗慢性湿疹、神经性皮炎的临床疗效。方法：将100例慢性湿疹、神经性皮炎患者随机分成2组,治疗组50例,外用复方氟米松软膏每日2次,口服西替利嗪或氯雷他定片10 mg,每日1次,疗程4周,2、4周观察疗效;对照组50例,外用糠酸莫米松软膏1次,口服西替利嗪或氯雷他定片每日10 mg,方法、疗程同治疗组。结果：2周疗效观察治疗组有效率62%,对照组有效率56%;4周疗效观察治疗组有效率96%,对照组有效率86%,两组比较,差异有统计学意义。结论：较长时间使用复方氟米松软膏疗效显著。     

梅花针联合复方氟米松软膏封包治疗局限性神经性皮炎的114例临床疗效观察

目的观察梅花针联合复方氟米松软膏封包治疗局限性神经性皮炎的疗效。方法 224例局限性神经性皮炎患者随机分为治疗组114例与对照组110例,治疗组给予梅花针联合复方氟米松软膏封包治疗,对照组仅给予丁酸氢化可的松软膏外用治疗,治疗2周后比较疗效。结果治疗组总有效率为87.72%,明显高于对照组54.55%,用药第2天即起效,未发现明显不良反应。结论梅花针联合复方氟米松软膏封包治疗局限性神经性皮炎比单用丁酸氢化可的松软膏更迅速、安全、有效。     

复方氟米松软膏联合神经节苷脂治疗神经性皮炎疗效观察

目的 观察复方氟米松软膏联合神经节苷脂治疗神经性皮炎的临床效果.方法 以2011年10月-2012年10月收治的神经性皮炎患者40例为治疗组,以2010年10月-2011年10月收治的神经性皮炎患者40例为对照组.对照组给予局部复方氟米松软膏外用;治疗组在给予复方氟米松软膏外用的基础上加用神经节苷脂注射液,治疗后2周对比2组疗效.结果 治疗组总有效率高于对照组,半年复发率低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.结论 局部复方氟米松软膏联合神经节苷脂治疗神经性皮炎疗效明显,并优于单独局部外用复方氟米松软膏的治疗效果,有效且安全,值得临床应用.     

复方氟米松软膏与丁酸氢化可的松软膏治疗慢性湿疹和神经性皮炎效果比较

目的 比较复方氟米松软膏与丁酸氢化可的松软膏治疗慢性湿疹和神经性皮炎的临床效果.方法 选取慢性湿疹以及神经性皮炎患者128例,按就诊顺序随机分为观察组与对照组,每组64例.观察组给予复方氟米松软膏局部外用治疗,对照组给予丁酸氢化可的松软膏局部外用治疗.观察比较两组的临床治疗效果以及不良反应发生情况.结果 观察组总有效率为96.88％,明显高于对照组的85.94％(x2=4.87,P＜0.05).两组不良反应发生率差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 复方氟米松软膏治疗慢性湿疹和神经性皮炎效果显著,安全性好,值得推广应用.     

复方氟米松软膏治疗神经性皮炎临床观察

目的:观察复方氟米松软膏治疗神经性皮炎的疗效。方法:48例神经性皮炎患者随机分为治疗组(30例)与对照组(18例),分别给予复方氟米松软膏和复方地塞米松软膏,治疗2周后比较疗效。结果:治疗组总有效率为90·0%,明显高于对照组(61·1%),用药第2天即起效,未发现明显不良反应。结论:复方氟米松软膏治疗神经性皮炎迅速、安全、有效。     

复方氟米松治疗丘疹性荨麻疹疗效观察

目的观察复方氟米松软膏治疗丘疹性荨麻疹的疗效。方法 182例患者随机分为2组,治疗组93例,外用复方氟米松软膏,每日早、晚各1次,疗程1周;对照组89例,外用丁酸氢化可的松软膏,方法疗程同对照组。结果治疗1周后,治疗组的有效率为80.82%;对照组的有效率为62.92%,治疗组疗效好于对照组,2组比较差异有显著性（P〈0.05）,未发现不良反应。结论复方氟米松软膏治疗丘疹性荨麻疹疗效显著,安全性好,值得临床推广应用。     

复方氟米松软膏治疗慢性湿疹和神经性皮炎的疗效分析

目的分析研究复方氟米松软膏治疗慢性湿疹及神经性皮炎的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析126例慢性湿疹和神经性皮炎患者的临床资料,随机分为治疗组和对照组各63例,治疗组给予复方氟米松软膏治疗,对照组给予丁酸氢化可的松软膏治疗,疗程2周。观察2组临床疗效及不良反应。结果用药2周后,治疗组总有效率为96·83%,对照组总有效率为87·3%,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0·05)。治疗组2例发生轻度不良反应,对照组发生3例,2组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0·05)。结论复方氟米松软膏治疗慢性湿疹和神经性皮炎疗效显著,安全性好。     

复方氟米松软膏治疗慢性湿疹疗效观察

目的观察复方氟米松软膏治疗慢性湿疹的疗效。方法将116例患者分为两组,治疗组58例,外用复方氟米松软膏;对照组58例,外用哈西奈德软膏;两组均治疗2周。结果治疗组与对照组总有效率分别为81%、62%(P<0.05)。结论复方氟米松软膏治疗慢性湿疹的疗效优于哈西奈德软膏。     

复方氟米松软膏治疗慢性湿疹和神经性皮炎的疗效观察

目的观察复方氟米松软膏治疗慢性湿疹及神经性皮炎的临床疗效。方法 192例患者按就诊序号分为治疗组和对照组各96例,治疗组给予复方氟米松软膏治疗,对照组给予丁酸氢化可的松软膏治疗。2组均治疗2周。观察2组临床疗效及不良反应。结果用药2周后,治疗组总有效率为97.92%高于对照组81.25%,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。治疗组发生轻度不良反应4例（4.17%）,对照组发生3例（3.13%）,2组比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）,疗程结束时不良反应均消失。结论复方氟米松软膏治疗慢性湿疹及神经性皮炎安全、有效,且不良反应少,值得临床推广应用。     

复方氟米松软膏治疗播散型神经性皮炎60例

目的探讨复方氟米松软膏治疗播散型神经性皮炎的疗效。方法将120例患者均分为两组,治疗组60例予复方氟米松软膏适量外擦患处,对照组60例予曲安奈德软膏适量外擦患处,均为每天早、中、晚各1次,连续治疗2周。结果治疗组痊愈30例,总有效率为75．00％;对照组痊愈14例,总有效率为55．00％。两组总有效率差异有显著性（P〈0．05）。结论复方氟米松软膏的疗效优于单纯的糖皮质激素软膏。     

Efficacy of gut lavage,hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the therapy of paraquat or diquat intoxication

Clinical and in vitro investigations were carried out to test the efficacy of gut lavage, hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the treatment of poisoning with paraquat or diquat. In a patient suffering from diquat intoxication 130 times more diquat was removed by gut lavage 30 h after ingestion than was removed by complete aspiration of the gastric contents.Determination of in vitro clearances for paraquat and diquat by hemodialysis showed that, at serum concentrations of 1–2 ppm, such as are frequently encountered in poisoning in man, toxicologically relevant quantities of herbicide cannot be removed from the body. At a concentration of 20 ppm, on the other hand, hemodialysis proved to be effective, the clearance being 70 ml/min at a blood flow rate of 100 ml/min. The efficacy of hemoperfusion with coated activated charcoal was on the whole better. Especially at concentrations around 1–2 ppm, the clearance values for hemoperfusion were some 5–7 times higher than those for hemodialysis.In a patient suffering from paraquat poisoning, both hemodialysis as well as hemoperfusion were carried out. The in vitro results could be confirmed: At serum concentrations of paraquat less than 1 ppm no clearance could be obtained by hemodialysis while by hemoperfusion with activated charcoal quite high clearance values were measured and the serum level dropped down to zero.

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Zusammenfassung Klinische Untersuchungen und Laboratoriumsversuche wurden durchgeführt, um die Wirksamkeit von Darmspülung, Hämodialyse und Hämoperfusion bei Paraquat- und Deiquat-Vergiftungen zu prüfen.Bei einem Patienten wurde 30 Std nach Deiquat-Aufnahme durch Darmspülung 130mal mehr Deiquat entfernt als durch vollständige Aspiration des Mageninhaltes. In vitro-Versuche ergaben, daß bei Blutserumkonzentrationen von 1–2 ppm, die bei Vergiftungen oft gemessen werden, durch Hämodialyse keine toxikologisch relevanten Paraquat- oder Deiquat-Mengen entfernt werden können. Dagegen erwies sich die Hämodialyse bei 20 ppm und einer Blutumlaufgeschwindigkeit von 100 ml/min mit einer Clearance von 70 ml/min als wirksam. Die Hämoperfusion mit beschicheter Aktivkohle war in diesen Versuchen aber eindeutig überlegen, denn insbesondere bei Konzentrationen um 1–2 ppm waren die Clearance-Werte 5–7mal höher als bei der Hämodialyse.Die in vitro-Ergebnisse wurden bei einem Patienten mit einer Paraquat-Vergiftung bestätigt: Bei Konzentrationen unter 1 ppm war die Hämodialyse wirkungslos, während durch Hämoperfusion relativ hohe Clearance-Werte erreicht wurden, so daß der Serumspiegel rasch unter die Nachweisgrenze abfiel.

     

In vitro studies on sterically stabilized liposomes (SL) as enzyme carriers in organophosphorus (OP) antagonism

This study describes a new approach for organophosphorous (OP) antidotal treatment by encapsulating an OP hydrolyzing enzyme, OPA anhydrolase (OPAA), within sterically stabilized liposomes. The recombinant OPAA enzyme was derived from Alteromonas strain JD6. It has broad substrate specificity to a wide range of OP compounds: DFP and the nerve agents, soman and sarin. Liposomes encapsulating OPAA (SL)* were made by mechanical dispersion method. Hydrolysis of DFP by (SL)* was measured by following an increase of fluoride ion concentration using a fluoride ion selective electrode. OPAA entrapped in the carrier liposomes rapidly hydrolyze DFP, with the rate of DFP hydrolysis directly proportional to the amount of (SL)* added to the solution. Liposomal carriers containing no enzyme did not hydrolyze DFP. The reaction was linear and the rate of hydrolysis was first order in the substrate. This enzyme carrier system serves as a biodegradable protective environment for the recombinant OP-metabolizing enzyme, OPAA, resulting in prolongation of enzymatic concentration in the body. These studies suggest that the protection of OP intoxication can be strikingly enhanced by adding OPAA encapsulated within (SL)* to pralidoxime and atropine.     

Synthesis,Cytotoxicity and Antileishmanial Activity of Some N-(2-(indol-3-yl)ethyl)-7-chloroquinolin-4-amines

We report herein the condensation of 4,7-dichloroquinoline (1) with tryptamine (2) and D-tryptophan methyl ester (3) . Hydrolysis of the methyl ester adduct (5) yielded the free acid (6) . The compounds were evaluated in vitro for activity against four different species of Leishmania promastigote forms and for cytotoxic activity against Kb and Vero cells. Compound (5) showed good activity against the Leishmania species tested, while all three compounds displayed moderate activity in both Kb and Vero cells.     

Steroidal sapogenin contents in some domestic plants

In order to find out the values of the steroid resources for the future use. the compositions and contents of steroidal sapogenins from 13 domestic plants have been investigated. As a result,Dioscorea nipponica, D. quinqueloba andSmilax china were found to have large amount of diosgenin. And pennogenin inTrillium kamtschaticum andParis verticillata, yuccagenin inAllium fistulosum, hecogenin inAgave americana and neochlorogenin inSolanum nigum were appeared to be major steroidal sapogenins.     

Aquatic Insects and Trace Metals: Bioavailability,Bioaccumulation, and Toxicity

Abstract

The uptake of metals from food and water sources by insects is thought to be additive. For a given metal, the proportions taken up from water and food will depend both on the bioavailable concentration of the metal associated with each source and the mechanism and rate by which the metal enters the insect. Attempts to correlate insect trace metal concentrations with the trophic level of insects should be made with a knowledge of the feeding relationships of the individual taxa concerned. Pathways for the uptake of essential metals, such as copper and zinc, exist at the cellular level, and other nonessential metals, such as cadmium, also appear to enter via these routes. Within cells, trace metals can be bound to proteins or stored in granules. The internal distribution of metals among body tissues is very heterogeneous, and distribution patterns tend to be both metal and taxon specific. Trace metals associated with insects can be both bound on the surface of their chitinous exoskeleton and incorporated into body tissues. The quantities of trace meals accumulated by an individual reflect the net balance between the rate of metal influx from both dissolved and particulate sources and the rate of metal efflux from the organism. The toxicity of metals has been demonstrated at all levels of biological organization: cell, tissue, individual, population, and community. Much of the literature pertaining to the toxic effects of metals on aquatic insects is based on laboratory observations and, as such, it is difficult to extrapolate the data to insects in nature. The few experimental studies in nature suggest that trace metal contaminants can affect both the distribution and the abundance of aquatic insects. Insects have a largely unexploited potential as biomonitors of metal contamination in nature. A better understanding of the physico-chemical and biological mechanisms mediating trace metal bioavailability and exchange will facilitate the development of general predictive models relating trace metal concentrations in insects to those in their environment. Such models will facilitate the use of insects as contaminant biomonitors.