新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情防控期间急诊内镜防控管理

目的探讨新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)防控期间消化内镜中心感染控制管理与内镜诊疗的安全。方法在COVID-19疫情防控期间,通过组织与防控培训,包括成立应急防控小组、拟定疫情期间消化内镜诊疗规范及重新布局诊疗区域、疫情培训、岗位调整等,从急诊内镜诊疗前对COVID-19的筛查到诊疗过程中的防控,以及隐匿患者应急处理等方面设定科学合理防护工作规范及感染防控方案。对2020年2月在解放军总医院第七医学中心消化内镜中心行急诊内镜检查患者的COVID-19疫情防控情况进行评估分析。结果 2020年2月1日至2020年2月28日,共行急诊内镜检查及治疗患者24例,男∶女为19∶5,中位年龄61.5岁(12～89岁);行胃镜检查10例(41.67%),行结肠镜检查5例(20.83%),行ERCP 9例(37.5%)。其中6例患者CT显示肺部感染。在此期间,所有内镜操作间空气消毒达标。对24例患者及家属进行随访发现均未感染COVID-19。结论适应防控形势发展趋势,拟定特殊时期防控诊疗规范,做法科学性强,措施有效可行。     

新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情常态化防控下消化内镜中心护技防控管理策略：来自武汉大学中南医院的经验

目前我国新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情虽已得到基本控制,但境外疫情仍持续蔓延,全球第二波疫情正在暴发中,我国境外输入性病例频现,使得中国难以独善其身。在即将到来的冬季,全国各医疗机构在快速恢复消化内镜正常诊疗秩序的同时,应借鉴武汉疫情暴发时的经验,因地制宜地加强防控工作。本文梳理了武汉大学中南医院消化内镜中心在疫情期间预约筛查流程、护技人员培训与管理、安全防护、消毒管理、空气管理及患者心理护理6个方面的工作,总结出常态化疫情防控下消化内镜中心护技人员的防控和管理经验,并探讨重点关注的问题及改进的方向,以期为消化内镜中心常态化疫情防控和应对秋冬季节疫情反弹提供参考。     

新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情期间消化内镜诊疗的防控措施经验分享

消化内镜是新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)疫情期间的防控重点及难点区域。目前国内疫情得到了阶段性的遏制,但中国境外疫情蔓延迅速,境外输入性病例频现,各医疗机构必须严格抓实抓细恢复正常诊疗期间的感染防控工作。深圳市南山区蛇口人民医院消化内镜中心在恢复正常诊疗期间采取一系列强有力的防控措施,包括复工前期的统筹安排,细化落实内镜诊疗操作前、中、后关键环节的防控要点,在医务科、防保科、院感科、护理部多部门联防联控协助下,目前消化内镜诊疗逐步恢复,运作良好,无新型冠状病毒(SARS-CoV-2)院内交叉感染病例发生。     

复旦大学附属中山医院在新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情期间 急诊消化内镜的诊治经验

新型冠状病毒肺炎目前正在我国肆虐。虽然消化内镜学并不是此次抗击疫情的一线学科,但新型冠状病毒经呼吸道飞沫、密切接触传播,在相对封闭的环境中长时间暴露于高浓度气溶胶情况下存在经气溶胶传播的可能,而且一些医院也出现了明显的院内感染现象,内镜检查过程中患者呼吸道和消化道分泌物暴露风险使得消化内镜诊疗在疫情期间成为"高危"操作。如何在保护医患的情况下开展必要的消化内镜诊疗,是目前消化内镜医师面临的问题。本文结合复旦大学附属中山医院和本内镜中心的实际工作情况,总结了新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情防控形势下如何开展急诊胃肠镜临床工作,重点介绍需要开展的内镜诊疗项目、适应证的选择、患者的就诊接诊流程、操作过程中的注意事项,以及我中心在内镜清洗消毒、医护人员自身防护方面的特殊措施,希望能对同道提供帮助和指导。     

在新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情形势下消化内镜中心清洗消毒建议方案

自2019年12月新型冠状病毒(Corona virus disease 2019,COVID-19)在武汉发现以来,全国感染数量日益增加,国家已将新型冠状病毒肺炎(新冠肺炎,NCP)纳入乙类法定传染病甲类管理,也被世界卫生组织(world health organization,WHO)列为“国际关注的突发公共卫生事件”(public health emergency of international concern,PHEIC)。中华医学会消化内镜学分会从此次疫情开始出现之时,就积极组织业内专家按照国家权威机构公开的资料,并结合消化内镜中心诊疗特点和感控实际,起草针对该时期消化内镜中心清洗消毒方面的建议方案。相关专家不分昼夜、集思广议、查阅文献,紧急制定了以下建议案,期望能对在新冠肺炎流行期间的消化内镜中心清洗消毒工作起到指导作用。鉴于目前较为严峻的疫情防控形势,分会建议对于因病情需要而确需行内镜诊疗的情况,一律尽最大努力采取最为有效的清洗消毒方案。由于时间仓促,可能存在不全之处,我们分会将根据该病流行病学变化情况,及时调整以下方案。     

新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情防控期间ERCP 诊疗专家共识

为降低新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情防控期间经内镜逆行胰胆管造影术（endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography,ERCP）诊疗工作中医患感染的风险,国家消化内镜专业质控中心联合中国医师协会内镜医师分会、中华医学会消化内镜学分会组织相关专家制定了《新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情防控期间ERCP诊疗专家共识》,旨在规范诊疗流程、防控与洗消措施,确保医患双方的诊疗安全。     

新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情下心血管外科疾病的诊治流程

2019年12月以来,湖北省武汉市陆续出现新型冠状病毒(2019-nCoV)感染病例,疫情持续蔓延至湖北省内乃至全国各地。新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)疫情,给心血管外科的临床诊疗工作带来了巨大挑战,门急诊需要加强对就诊患者特别是发热患者的筛查。疫情期间严格把握手术指征,推迟择期手术;急诊手术,术前完善术前准备的同时进行COVID-19标本留取,术中严密防护,术后隔离治疗,并严格开展手术消毒隔离措施。在住院患者中,积极排查发热及相关症状病例。通过制定相应流程,在心血管外科临床工作中提高警惕,规范操作,科学防治,阻断病毒传播,并发挥自身心肺重症治疗方面的优势,早日打赢这场疫情防控阻击战。     

云南省县域医院消化内镜诊疗现状调查及建议

目的　综合分析云南省县域医院消化内镜中心（室）的基本情况、诊疗现状等信息,为提高与规范云南省消化内镜诊疗水平提供依据。方法　采用网络调查方式开展,对2019年1月—2020年1月期间云南省县域医院消化内镜中心（室）的医疗质量相关数据信息,包括内镜中心（室）设置、人员配置、诊疗技术及诊疗量、质量控制指标等进行统计分析。结果　共有143家县域医院参加调查统计,消化内镜中心（室）平均仅1.74个操作间,内镜主机平均1.42台,胃肠镜数量平均4条,143家县域医院内镜中心（室）的超声内镜主机共10台,小肠镜主机仅2台,经内镜逆行胰胆管造影术仅4家县域医院在开展。省内县域医院专职消化内镜医师共392名,能够完成四级手术的医师仅占医师总人数的18.62%（73/392）,其中掌握内镜黏膜下剥离术的医师比例仅6.12%（24/392）。省内县域医院消化道癌早期诊断率仅19.48%（1 133/5 817）,其中食管癌早期诊断率21.04%（276/1 312）、胃癌早期诊断率19.53%（397/2 033）、结直肠癌早期诊断率18.61%（460/2 472）。结直肠腺瘤检出率12.83%（12 207/95 148）,盲肠插管成功率70.49%（67 067/95 148）,内镜黏膜下剥离术完整切除率为12.54%（221/1 763）。结论　云南省县域医院消化内镜中心（室）配置、诊疗技术水平、质量控制指标整体水平较低下,仍需要在完善消化内镜质量控制体系的基础上,提升县域医疗机构消化内镜服务能力、诊疗技术水平。     

疫情防控模式下消化道息肉日间手术的安全管理

本文探讨了新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情期间及防控常态化下太钢总医院消化内科和新安国际消化内科实施日间手术的情况,旨在为在特殊时期的临床工作提供安全及有效性的依据.我们医院消化内镜中心按照卫生行政部门及医院防控要求,结合科室工作特点,制定了一系列防控管理措施并准确落实,使临床工作在安全防护的基础上取得良好的效果.2020-2021消化内镜中心共完成日间手术2000余例,无疑似手术感染和新型冠状病毒肺炎病例.严格的疫情防控及高质量的管理为该中心日间手术的积极开展发挥了积极有效作用;安全优化的诊疗流程,让患者及家属安心;医务人员严格执行防护措施,保证了手术的安全和工作效率的流畅高效.     

新型冠状病毒肺炎暴发期间儿科病房护理防控策略

2019年12月以来，新型冠状病毒肺炎（coronavirus disease-2019, COVID-19）迅速在国内外传播，受感染人群短期内大幅增加，不仅包括成年人，还包括不同年龄段儿童，甚至新生儿。儿童因免疫系统发育不成熟、抵抗力低下，成为COVID-19易感人群之一，尤其是COVID-19流行期间住院患儿更易受感染。因此，做好儿科病房疫情期间的防控工作，采取切实可行措施对于预防和控制儿童感染新型冠状病毒显得尤为重要。本文根据国家卫生部门关于COVID-19疫情最新管理规定，结合本医院COVID-19防控经验，从护理角度探讨综合性医院儿科病房感染防控措施，为国内其他医院儿科病房疫情防控与护理工作提供参考。     

对新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情期间口腔器械使用原则、洗消、管理的思考

自新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情暴发至今，国内外都出现了大量的确诊病例。随着疫情的蔓延，感染病例数的增加，尤其是最新报道指出存在气溶胶传播途径感染的可能，引起了口腔行业的重视，并由此引发了口腔工作者们对口腔诊疗日常感染控制工作的思考：如何在日常口腔诊疗工作中控制感染，避免医源性交叉感染的发生?本文根据各级疫情防控经验，结合多年传染病专科医院口腔科门诊工作经验，着重从器械使用、洗消及管理方面对口腔科门诊的防控工作提出一些建议和思考，期望对口腔科的日常诊疗工作，尤其是针对烈性呼吸道传染病、血源性传染病患者的诊疗工作提供一定的指导和帮助。     

Comprehensive gastroenterology endoscopy unit workflow and infection prevention during the COVID‐19 Pandemic: Experience with 159 cases in Wuhan,China

During the outbreak of the novel coronavirus disease (COVID‐19) in Wuhan, the gastroenterology department of our hospital performed gastrointestinal endoscopy procedures using strict infection control measures. Thorough screening of incoming patients, separation of diagnostic and treatment areas, regional management, hierarchical protection, disinfection protocols, and other measures were enforced to prevent virus transmission during endoscopic treatments. During the COVID‐19 pandemic, between February and March 2020, 159 endoscopic examinations and treatments were performed, including emergency endoscopy for 17 patients. Among these, seven patients were either previously infected with or were suspected carriers of the virus. Using the aforementioned control measures, we did not encounter a single case of cross‐infection or infection among the patients or staff. The presented protocols may provide valuable insight regarding how to protect gastroenterology endoscopy units during the novel coronavirus disease pandemic.     

基层医疗集团体系下社区健康服务机构防控新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情实践

背景随着新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情的蔓延,社区成为疫情联防联控的第一线,社区健康服务机构是落实社区防控的重要实践者。目的探讨基层医疗集团体系下社区健康服务机构防控新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情的做法。方法某基层医疗集团现设置1家综合性医院(院本部),下设24家社康中心。2020-01-24疫情防控以来,24家社康中心与院本部开通了发热患者双向转诊路径,24家社康中心分别与21个社区工作站和警区组建21个“三位一体”工作小组,开展社区联防联控,加强发热患者管理,掌握疫区返深人员名单,实施居家医学隔离,发现异常情况及时转运至院本部。结果2020-01-24至2020-02-20,社康中心上转发热患者807例,接收下转发热患者226例。2020-02-01至2020-02-20,累计登记疫区返深人员8704人,累计入户随访27268人次,累计居家隔离10319人,累计解除隔离7412人,累计电话随访72997人次,累计发现确诊病例9例,转运密切接触者12例。结论社区健康服务机构通过加强预检分诊、管理来自疫区人员,在防控新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情中起到“早发现、早报告、早隔离”的网底作用,能够有效遏制疫情的扩散和蔓延。     

Epidemiology of COVID-19 in Jiangxi,China: A retrospective observational study

To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Jiangxi Province, China, from January 21 to April 9, 2020.COVID-19 epidemic information was obtained from the official websites of the Jiangxi Provincial Health Committee, Hubei Provincial Health Committee, and National Health Commission of the People''s Republic of China. ArcGIS 10.0 was used to draw a map of the spatial distribution of the cases.On January 21, 2020, the first COVID-19 confirmed case in Jiangxi was reported. By January 27, COVID-19 had spread rapidly to all cities in Jiangxi. The outbreak peaked on February 3, with a daily incidence of 85 cases. The last indigenous case reported on February 27. From January 21 to April 9, a total of 937 confirmed cases of COVID-19 were reported, with a cumulative incidence of 2.02/100,000. Of those, 936 patients (99.89%) were cured, and 1 (0.11%) died due to COVID-19. The COVID-19 epidemic trend in Jiangxi was basically consistent with the national epidemic trend (except Hubei). Throughout the epidemic prevention and control phase, Jiangxi province has taken targeted prevention and control measures based on the severity of the spread of COVID-19.The COVID-19 epidemic in Jiangxi was widespread and developed rapidly. In less than 1 month, the epidemic situation was effectively controlled, and the epidemic situation shifted to a low-level distribution state. All these proved that the COVID-19 prevention and control strategies and measures adopted by Jiangxi Province were right, positive and effective.     

COVID-19 and acute exacerbation of interstitial lung disease

We conducted a study to examine the effect of COVID-19 on the acute exacerbation of interstitial lung disease (AE-ILD) early in the COVID-19 epidemic (January 1–April 30, 2020). An online questionnaire survey was conducted, which was completed by 134 hospitals. During this period, 854 patients with AE-ILD (including 12 cases of COVID-AE-idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis were hospitalized at 128 hospitals. In comparison, the total number of AE-ILD hospitalizations during the same period in 2019 was 894. The number of hospitalizations increased at 17 hospitals, decreased at 27, and remained the same at 88 hospitals in 2020 compared to the same period in 2019. In 2020, COVID-19-related acute exacerbations had a significantly worse prognosis than non-COVID-19-related acute exacerbations in both 30-day and 90-day mortality. Because the prognosis of AE-ILD associated with COVID-19 is extremely poor, prevention of COVID-19 is especially important for patients with ILD.     

TB positive cases go up in ongoing COVID-19 pandemic despite lower testing of TB: An observational study from a hospital from Northern India

The whole world is wrestling against SARS-CoV-2 infection (COVID-19). COVID-19-TB co-infection is also reported but there are limited number of studies which analyze the impact of COVID-19 pandemic in TB diagnosis and management. In this retrospective study, we observed that the TB diagnosis was reduced in pandemic time. Before COVID-19 pandemic (March–December 2019), there were 644 TB tests out of which 127 were TB positive. In ongoing COVID-19 pandemic (January–October 2020), 484 TB tests were performed and 146 patients were TB positive. Male accounted for 64%/57% of TB cases in 2019/2020 whereas female patients were 35%/42% in 2019/2020. Increase in female TB positive cases was a noticeable feature. The newly diagnosed with TB cases in 2019/2020 were 112/130 respectively. Though, we have seen only 7 COVID-TB co-infection cases, we could not establish the causal relationship in COVID-TB co-infection. The increase in the number of TB positive cases during COVID-19 pandemic clearly showed how adversely COVID-19 has affected TB diagnosis and management. Anticipating the increase in TB cases in future, we emphasize the need to ensure continuous TB testing and treatment despite the pandemic burden. Further study on the COVID-TB co-infection in high TB-burden countries like India, is required to enable analyses of interactions, risk factors in COVID-19-TB co-infection.     

Management of an endoscopy center during the outbreak of COVID-19: Experience from West China Hospital

Since the outbreak of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), various measures have been taken to protect against the infection. As droplet and contact transmission are the main routes of COVID-19 infection, endoscopy centers are considered to be high-risk areas for exposure to COVID-19. We have undertaken severalcountermeasures in our endoscopic center during the pandemic, and have gained significant experience in terms of prevention and control of COVID-19. We here present our experience and strategies adopted for preventing hospital infection in our endoscopy center during the COVID-19 pandemic. We describe our management of the environment, endoscope, patients, and medical staff, and our self-made masks.     

日、韩新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情分析与趋势预测

目的对日韩两国新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情状况进行分析并预测其发展趋势,为中日韩三国有效开展联防联控工作提供理论依据。方法统计和计算日韩此次疫情单日新增病例、累计确诊病例数和病死率并绘制其折线图。通过构建传染病动力学SEIR模型以预测疫情发展趋势。结果日本新冠肺炎每日新增确诊病例近期可能还会呈上升趋势,韩国每日新增确诊病例总体呈现下降趋势,SEIR模型预测的结果与日韩当前疫情发展的真实数据吻合较好,日韩两国疫情出现拐点的时间分别大致为2020年5月3日和3月12日,疫情有望得到基本控制的时间分别大致为2020年9月16日和6月11日。结论韩国已经到达了疫情的拐点,但未来一段时间内还难以实现新增病例归零状态,而日本疫情尚处于传播阶段的早中期,确诊人数还可能会继续上升,两国政府要继续加大疫情防控力度,中日韩要有效开展联防联控工作,特别是要加强对于当前无症状感染者的管理和输入病例的控制。     

COVID-19 outbreak investigation and response in a penitentiary setting: the experience of a prison in Italy,February to April 2020

Prisons are high-risk settings for COVID-19 and present specific challenges for prevention and control. We describe a COVID-19 outbreak in a large prison in Milan between 20 February and 30 April 2020. We performed a retrospective analysis of routine data collected during the COVID-19 emergency in prison. We analysed the spatial distribution of cases and calculated global and specific attack rates (AR). We assessed prevention and control measures. By 30 April 2020, 57 confirmed COVID-19 cases and 66 clinically probable cases were recorded among a population of 1,480. Global AR was 8.3%. The index case was a custodial officer. Two clusters were detected among custodial staff and healthcare workers. On 31 March, a confirmed case was identified among detained individuals. COVID-19 spread by physical proximity or among subgroups with cultural affinity, resulting in a cluster of 22 confirmed cases. Following index case identification, specific measures were taken including creation of a multidisciplinary task-force, increasing diagnostic capacity, contact tracing and dedicated isolation areas. Expanded use of personal protective equipment, environmental disinfection and health promotion activities were also implemented. Outbreaks of COVID-19 in prison require heightened attention and stringent comprehensive measures.