人工晶状体脱位的预防和处理

白内障摘出(ＥＣＣＥｏｒＰｈａｃｏ)并ＩＯＬ植入手术,在诸多并发症中,ＩＯＬ脱位越来越引起人们的关注,对其处理方法各不相同。一般资料:自1986年～1998年采集的病例,其来源:本中心、山东、唐山、广州、天津市及新加坡。共10例10眼,年龄6～78岁。平均年龄502岁。女2例,男8例。其中老年性白内障8例,外伤性白内障1例,无晶状体眼1例。ＥＣＣＥ ＩＯＬ7眼,Ｐｈａｃｏ ＩＯＬ2眼,无晶状体眼二期巩膜固定缝合1眼。一期ＩＯＬ植入9眼,二期植入1眼。脱位时间:为人工晶状体植入术后2天～10年不等。其中术后6月、2年、10年者为洗脸以后发生ＩＯＬ脱…     

外伤及白内障术后玻璃体疝入前房嵌顿切口的激光切除

外伤术后或白内障术后,因后囊破裂,术中前房玻璃体切除不完全,嵌入切口。由于玻璃体牵拉而致瞳孔变形,甚至引发视网膜脱离等严重并发症。近期我们用ＪＹＺ-1Ａ型ＹＡＧ激光机进行玻璃体牵拉带切除,取得满意疗效。一般资料:我院自1998年1月～1998年6月,对7例(7眼)玻璃体嵌顿切口进行激光切除治疗。7例中,男4例,女3例,年龄12～74岁,平均年龄52岁,其中角膜穿透伤晶状体破裂2眼,行角膜缝合联合ＥＣＣＥ ＩＯＬ植入术;另5眼为老年性白内障行ＥＣＣＥ ＩＯＬ植入术。术前7眼瞳孔皆有不同程度的变形(向切口处移位)。治疗方法:术前检查:凡白内障术后…     

准分子激光原位角膜磨镶术后视网膜脱离

准分子激光原位角膜磨镶术 (ＬＡＳＩＫ)用于治疗近视已被广为接受 ,但有关的术后眼后节并发症报道较少。作者回顾性分析了 1 0例 (1 0眼 )可能与ＬＡＳＩＫ术有关的视网膜脱离。研究对象来自 1 995年 3月至 1 998年 2月接受ＬＡＳＩＫ术的 2 5 3 2例 (44 3 2只眼 )患者 ,其中男 7例 ,女 3例 ,年龄 2 2～ 68岁 ,平均 3 5 2± 2 8岁 ,ＬＡＳＩＫ术前平均球径当量度数为-1 0 5 1± 3 90Ｄ(-6 3 7Ｄ～ -1 7 0 0Ｄ) ,最佳矫正视力为 2 0 /1 0 0～ 2 0 /2 5。 1 0例患者均接受了近视性ＬＡＳＩＫ术 ,患者先前无因眼底周边病变行激光光凝史 ,…     

合并原发性青光眼的白内障手术选择

目的 探讨合并原发性青光眼的白内障手术方案。方法 对４６例５２眼采用ＥＣＣＥ＋ＩＯＬ、ＥＣＣＥ＋ＩＯＬ＋小梁切除的病例进行手样前后眼压、Ｃ值、前房角镜、视力等检查并进行比较。结果 随访１年。１８眼急闭中３眼以及２４眼慢闭中２２眼ＥＣＣＥ＋ＩＯＬ术后眼压及Ｃ值均恢复正常,房角变宽,两组无显著性差异。结论 术前眼压、Ｃ值、房角检查为正确选择手术方式提供较为客观准确的参考标准。     

前列腺素类药物在青光眼治疗中的应用及进展

青光眼是除了白内障以外 ,严重威胁人类视力的一种致盲性眼病。临床常用的降低眼压的药物有胆碱能药物、胆碱酯酶抑制剂、碳酐酶抑制剂、肾上腺素能 β 受体阻断剂等 ,而前列腺素是近年来研究并证明有效的降眼压新药。在研究或试用中的前列腺素类药物包括ＰＧＥ1、ＰＧＥ2、ＰＧＦ2α、ＰＧＩ2合成衍生物。在青光眼临床中广泛应用的前列腺素类药物是ＰＧＦ2α ,其中一种是拉坦前列腺素ＬＡＴＡＮＯＰＲＯＳＴ(ＸＡＬＡＴＡＮ ,ＰＨＡＭＡＣＩＡＵＰＪＯＨＮ)另一种是乌诺前列腺素ＵＮＯＰＲＯＳＴＯＮＥ (ＲＥＳＣＵＡＬＲ ,ＣＩＢＡＶＩＳ…     

儿童先天性白内障术后屈光状态的观察

先天性白内障及人工晶体 (ＩＯＬ)植入术对儿童的视力恢复 ,弱视的治疗极为重要。近年有较多的文章总结了有关先天性白内障术后ＩＯＬ植入的年龄是在 2岁以上[1] 。但对儿童先天白内障及ＩＯＬ植入术后屈光状态的研究较少。我们小结 6例先天性白内障术后屈光状态。临床资料我院门诊 1998～ 2 0 0 0年间就诊的先天性白内障术后 6例病人 (12眼 ) ,男 4例 ,女 2例 ,年龄 4～ 5岁 ,平均年龄 4 4岁。 4例是在 2岁后手术 ,2例在 3岁时行初次白内障摘除及ＩＯＬ植入术。因瞳孔闭锁 ,晶状体后囊膜混浊 ,3例 5眼在术后 3～ 6个月行二次手术 ,1眼因瞳…     

PRK治疗近视眼322例

20 0 0年 5月～ 2 0 0 1年 12月我院用美国 VISX2 0 / 2 0 B型准分子激光治疗仪行准分子激光角膜切削术 ( photore-fractive keratectomy,PRK)共治疗 412例 76 3眼 ,其中在 -10 .0 D以内、随访 1a的 32 2例 5 96眼 ,现报告如下。1　资料与方法1.1　一般资料　本组患者 32 2例 5 96眼 ,男 16 6例 30 8眼 ,女 15 6例 2 88眼。年龄 18～ 5 0岁 ,平均 2 5 .6岁。术前等值球镜屈光度为 - 1.2 5～ - 10 .0 0 D,散光 0～ - 5 .0 0 D。按屈光度分 2组 :A组 ( - 1.2 5～ - 6 .0 0 D) 2 6 3眼 ,B组 ( - 6 .2 5～ -10 .0 0 D) 333眼 ,术后随访 1a…     

LASIK治疗近视的疗效及病人对疗效满意程度分析

准分子激光原位角膜磨镶术(ｅｘｃｉｍｅｒｌａｓｅｒｉｎｓｉｔｕｋｅｒａｔｏｍｉｌｅｕｓｉｓ,ＬＡＳＩＫ)目前已成为治疗近视的主要方法之一[1,2]。由于在角膜层间进行切削,不发生角膜雾浊,从而成为更有发展前途的一种屈光手术[3]。我院自1998年5月开展ＬＡＳＩＫ手术,现选取随访达6月的近视57例113眼,将疗效及病人满意程度报告如下。资料与方法:(1)病例:57例113眼,男30例60眼(526%),女27例53眼(474%)。年龄18～40岁,平均2344±31岁。术前屈光度(球镜等量,下同)-550～-2200Ｄ,散光0～-250Ｄ,近视屈光度基本稳定2年以上。根据术前屈光度…     

丝裂霉素C在翼状胬肉术中的应用

翼状胬肉是一种常见眼表疾病 ,根治以手术为主。有报道其术后复发率达 2 4～ 89% [1] ,我院自 1997年 6月开始采用翼状胬肉头部转移术及丝裂霉素Ｃ(ｍｉｔｏｍｙｃｉｎ ｃ ,ＭＭＣ)等联合治疗。现报告如下。资料与方法1 一般资料　翼状胬肉 (以下简称胬肉 )患者 6 1例 6 3眼 ,其中男 2 4例 2 5眼 ,女 37例 38眼 ,均接受首次手术治疗。年龄 40～71岁 (平均 5 8 72岁 ) ,病程 2～ 15年 (平均 9 8年 )。翼状胬肉头部侵入角膜 2ｍｍ以上 ,大小 3 5～ 6 .5ｍｍ ,平均 4 6ｍｍ。2 药物制备　ＭＭＣ粉针剂 ( 2ｍｇ/支 )在无菌下用蒸馏水制成 0 4…     

准分子激光原位角膜磨镶术治疗近视散光的初步研究

应用准分子激光原位角膜磨镶术 (ｌａｓｅｒｉｎｓｉｔｕｋｅｒａｔｏｍｉｌｅｕｓｉｓ,ＬＡＳＩＫ)治疗近视、散光是目前屈光手术中倍受关注的焦点之一 ,其对散光的矫治 ,国外尚未见有关文献报道。现将我院ＬＡＳＩＫ术后半年以上患者的随访结果报告如下。一、资料和方法1 一般资料 :收集 1997年 6月至 8月在我院接受ＬＡＳＩＫ治疗的近视患者 36例 ( 72只眼 ) ,其中男性 17例 ( 34只眼 ) ,女性 19例 ( 38只眼 ) ;年龄 18～ 5 0岁 ,平均 2 7 2 5岁 ;近视度数为 - 2 2 5～ - 10 0 0Ｄ ,散光度数为 - 0 5～ - 5 0Ｄ。按术前散光度数将患…     

Blindness and visual impairment in the Americas and the Caribbean

AIM: To summarise available data on the prevalence and causes of visual impairment and blindness in the Americas and the Caribbean. METHODS: The published literature was searched in Medline and LILACS using the following key words: blindness, visual impairment, prevalence. Articles were reviewed, and the references of the articles were also searched for relevant articles, which were also reviewed. RESULTS: Using the mortality in children under the age of 5 as an indicator, the overall prevalence of childhood blindness (in the under age 15 group) for the region was estimated at 0.45/1000, with the majority (67%) living in countries with mortality of children under age 5 above 30/1000 live births. Corneal opacities were more common in countries where the under 5 year mortality are above 30/1000 live births and retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) was an important cause in countries with intermediate death rates. For adults, overall blindness rates were not estimated because of the social, economic, and ethnic diversity in the region. The primary causes of visual loss in adults in the Americas were age related eye diseases, notably cataract and glaucoma in the African-American and Hispanic populations, and age related macular degeneration in the white population. Uncorrected refractive error was a significant cause of decreased vision across ages, ethnic groups, and countries. CONCLUSION: More data are needed on the magnitude and causes of visual loss for the Caribbean and Latin American countries. Rates of blindness and visual loss from available data within these countries are widely disparate. Prevention and control of avoidable blindness needs to be an ongoing focus in this region.     

甲状腺相关眼病患者及正常人眼眶成纤维细胞的培养和鉴定

目的:体外培养甲状腺相关眼病患者和正常人的眼眶成纤维细胞,并进行比较、观察及鉴定。方法:采用组织块培养法,体外培养甲状腺相关眼病患者和正常人的眼眶成纤维细胞,并进行细胞形态观察及免疫组织化学鉴定。结果:甲状腺相关眼病患者与正常对照的眼眶成纤维细胞形态区别不明显,Vimentin染色均呈阳性,而Desmin,S-100,CK均呈阴性。结论:甲状腺相关眼病患者与正常人的眼眶成纤维细胞体外培养的形态及免疫组织化学鉴定无明显差异。     

Diffusion of the human retina and quality of the optics of the eye on the fovea and the peripheral retina

The linespread profile after double passage through the eye has been measured previously. We show that one cannot separate the contributions of the optics of the eye and of the retina to image degradation with this last method. We present here a new method which allows just such a separation. We have measured the modulation transfer function of the optics of the eye in the visual axis and oblique axes, and a function which characterizes light scattering in different portions of the living retina.     

Relationship between vitrectomy and the morphology and function of the retina

Pathological processes in the vitreous will be reflected in the morphology and function of the retina, and these processes can originate from sources outside the vitreous. The purpose of vitreous surgery is to remove the qualitatively and/or morphologically diseased vitreous. Successful vitrectomy will be manifested by an improvement in the structure and/or function of the retina. We have evaluated the morphology of the vitreoretinal interface, and the function of the retina before and after vitreous surgery. Plasmin-assisted vitrectomy was used in some cases to remove the diseased vitreous more efficiently and less invasively. The effect of this procedure was assessed by examining the morphology and function of the retina. First, the relationship between the qualitative and structural abnormality of the vitreous in macular diseases was studied. In aphakic/pseudophakic eyes with cystoid macular edema, there was a depression of retinal function over the entire retina which may have been caused by chemical mediators released into the vitreous. These mediators may have been produced by inflammation in the anterior segment of the eye. In eyes with an idiopathic macular hole, optical coherence tomographic (OCT) images suggested that the progression of the macular hole might depend on a balance between foveal adhesion and the posterior vitreous. Second, the efficacy, surgical damage, and limitations of vitreous surgery were investigated. The recovery of macular function was assessed by focal macular electroretinograms (FMERGs) after vitrectomy for epiretinal membrane, choroidal neovascularization, and diabetic macular edema. The concurrent examination by optical coherence tomography (OCT) suggested that a decrease in retinal thickness contributed to the functional recovery. Macular functional recovery was delayed and limited after macular translocation, diabetic macular edema, and internal limiting membrane peeling. Third, we studied the effect of plasmin-assisted vitrectomy on the retina. The plasmin was used to remove the vitreous more completely and less invasively. In rabbits, ERG, OCT, and histological examinations demonstrated that the use of commercially-available plasmin at a concentration used on human patients resulted in temporary adverse effects on the retina. For human patients, we purified the plasmin from the patients' serum at the Nagoya University Hospital and the activity was about the same as in previous reports. The purified plasmin was approved by our hospital's institutional review board, and written informed consent was obtained from each patient. Patients with macular edema, idiopathic macular hole, and epiretinal membrane without posterior detachment underwent plasmin-assisted vitrectomy and were evaluated morphologically and electrophysiologically. The efficacy of the plasmin in separating the vitreo-retinal interface was demonstrated by an occasional spontaneous posterior vitreous detachment with or without core vitrectomy, and the presence of less vitreous cortex attached to the internal limiting membrane that was removed during vitrectomy. This was the first histological demonstration of the effectiveness of plasmin in the living eye. Full-field ERGs before and after surgery demonstrated clear evidence that no alteration of retinal functional had occurred, although we did detect a possible osmotic effect by an increase in OCT-determined retinal thickness by the high-molecular weight autologous plasmin. In future studies, the proper concentration and reaction time for each condition of the vitreous should be determined. In conclusion, the pathophysiology of the vitreous should reflect the retinal function. The recovery of the structure of the retina is important for the recovery of retinal function. This should always be the primary goal of surgeons who perform quality surgery.     

Tonometry and the Elasticity of the Eye

This paper deals with the behaviour of the eye as an elastic body. An elastic body is one which tends to completely recover its original form following deformation.     

Tonometry and the Elasticity of the Eye

This paper deals with the behaviour of the eye as an elastic body. An elastic body is one which tends to completely recover its original form following deformation.