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1.
目的:探讨膝关节单髁置换术的手术适应症、手术方法及术后常见并发症。方法:回顾性分析19例(19膝)膝关节单间室骨关节炎患者,采用单髁置换术治疗,观察手术前后膝关节HSS评分和膝关节活动度。结果:术后随访时间10~40个月,平均(19.40±5.70)个月,患者术后膝关节活动度129.79°±6.43°,HSS评分(89.47±3.60)分。所有患者术后无深静脉血栓和肺栓塞发生,无关节感染及死亡。聚乙烯半月板衬垫脱位1例,手术更换半月板衬垫。结论:膝关节单髁置换术治疗膝关节单间室退行性骨关节炎疗效确切,存在特殊并发症,应严格控制手术适应症,熟练掌握手术要点,选择合适的假体,重视患者术后康复锻炼,减少并发症的发生。  相似文献   

2.
目的利用计算机辅助技术分析膝关节单髁置换术(unicompartmental knee arthroplasty,UKA)失败的原因,为减少术后翻修、指导手术及康复方案的改进提供参考依据。方法广泛查阅近年国内外有关利用计算机辅助技术分析UKA术后翻修原因的文献,并总结分析。结果经计算机辅助技术分析UKA翻修的原因主要包括:内侧胫骨平台骨折、剩余间室进行性骨关节炎、活动型衬垫假体脱位、假体松动、聚乙烯衬垫磨损、不明原因的持续性疼痛。结论计算机辅助技术通过模拟手术操作及术后膝关节的活动,可用于分析UKA翻修原因以及指导手术和康复方案的制定。  相似文献   

3.
<正>膝单髁置换术(unicompartmental knee arthroplasty,UKA)是治疗单间室膝骨关节炎的有效方法~[1]。1982年首次使用牛津单髁假体进行了膝关节单间室置换术。固定平台UKA与活动平台UKA在临床结果、影像学结果、翻修率和生存率方面差异无统计学意义~[2]。但是与固定平台UKA相比,活动平台UKA用于膝关节外侧间室置换时翻修的风险高4倍~[3]。  相似文献   

4.
目的:分析内侧活动平台膝单髁置换术(UKA)后衬垫脱位原因,探讨其治疗措施。方法:回顾性分析2012年8月至2022年8月接受内侧活动平台UKA共723例745膝。观察术后衬垫脱位发生的时间和诱因,分析其发生原因并探讨其治疗措施。结果:745膝随访8~121个月,平均随访时间(52.4±24.1)个月。共9例10膝术后发生衬垫脱位,术后衬垫脱位率为1.34%(10/745),发生脱位时间为术后1~61个月,平均为术后(22.0±19.4)个月,其中约30%的衬垫脱位发生在术后半年之内,50%发生在术后1年之内。术后衬垫脱位诱因:2膝有明确外伤病史,3膝为下蹲站起或过度屈曲后发生,1膝为侧躺后发生,4膝无明显诱因。翻修术中探查发现:4膝发生内侧副韧带或关节囊松弛,3膝出现假体位置安装不良,1膝出现衬垫磨损,1膝衬垫与骨赘撞击,1膝无明确原因导致脱位。5膝采用全膝关节置换术进行翻修,2膝更换新的原厚度衬垫,2膝更换加厚衬垫并同时进行了关节囊紧缩术或内侧副韧带锚钉固定,1膝患者在外院更换加厚衬垫后再次发生脱位,最终接受全膝关节置换术进行翻修。结论:内侧活动平台UKA术后衬垫脱位率较低。术后衬...  相似文献   

5.
目的:系统评价开放楔形胫骨高位截骨(OWHTO)与单髁置换(UKA)治疗膝关节内侧间室骨关节炎的疗效。方法:按照Cochran协作网制定的检索策略进行检索,计算机检索Medline,Pubmed,EMbase,Cochrane Library,中国生物医学数据库,中文科技期刊数据库,万方数据库,手工检索相关的中英文骨科杂志和会议论文,检索时间截止为2018年3月。纳入OWHTO和UKA治疗膝关节内侧骨性关节炎的对照研究,对文献质量进行评价,对文献报道的术后膝关节功能、术后并发症、术后全膝关节置换术(TKA)翻修率、术后疼痛等数据进行提取,采用RevMan 5.0软件对数据进行Meta分析。结果:纳入符合标准的文献共8篇,共675例患者。Meta分析结果显示,OWHTO组与UKA组在术后膝关节HSS评分、膝评分、功能评分、Lysholm评分差异无统计学意义(P=0.32,P=0.87,P=0.22,P=0.53),OWHTO组术后关节活动度优于UKA组,差异有统计学意义(P=0.009);两组术后并发症及术后TKA翻修率差异无统计学意义(P=0.81,P=0.23)。两组患者术后膝关节疼痛无差异。结论:在治疗符合手术指征的膝关节内侧间室骨关节炎时,采用OWHTO可获得与UKA相似的膝关节评分、术后并发症和术后TKA翻修率,但是OWHTO术后关节活动度更好。  相似文献   

6.
随着关节外科"保膝理念"及手术技术的发展,外侧单髁置换术(UKA)已成为治疗膝关节外侧间室骨关节炎的有效方法。外侧间室膝骨关节炎发病率低,其具有与内侧间室不同的解剖和运动学特性,这2个因素增加了外侧UKA手术的挑战性,因此外侧UKA的临床疗效一直存在争议。随着治疗理念、手术技术和假体设计的不断改进和更新,外侧UKA术后...  相似文献   

7.
目的探讨体质量指数(body mass index,BMI)对膝关节前内侧间室骨关节炎患者单髁膝关节置换术(unicompartmental knee arthroplasty,UKA)短中期疗效的影响。方法回顾分析2014年5月—2019年5月采用UKA治疗的55例(61膝)膝关节前内侧间室骨关节炎患者临床资料,根据BMI将患者分为3组:正常体质量组(A组,BMI 18.50~24.99 kg/m~2)23例(25膝),超重组(B组,BMI 25.00~29.99 kg/m~2)23例(25膝),肥胖组(C组,BMI 30.00~39.99 kg/m~2)9例(11膝)。3组患者性别、年龄、侧别、病程及术前美国特种外科医院(HSS)评分、疼痛视觉模拟评分(VAS)、膝关节活动度(range of motion,ROM)比较差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。记录并比较3组患者手术时间、术中显性失血量及术后1周血红蛋白下降量;手术前后采用HSS评分、VAS评分及ROM评价膝关节功能及疼痛改善情况。结果 3组患者手术时间、术中显性失血量及术后1周血红蛋白下降量比较差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。55例患者均获随访,随访时间5~60个月,平均24个月。术后均无感染、脂肪栓塞及下肢深静脉血栓形成等并发症发生。膝关节正侧位X线片显示未出现假体脱位及松动,假体位置良好。末次随访时,3组HSS评分、VAS评分及ROM均较术前显著改善,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);但3组间各指标比较差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论对于肥胖和超重的膝关节单间室骨关节炎患者,采用UKA术后可获满意短中期疗效,远期疗效尚需进一步随访观察。  相似文献   

8.
郭林  杨柳  段小军  陈光兴  戴刚 《中华外科杂志》2008,46(23):1804-1807
目的 针对后交叉韧带(posterior cruciate ligament,PCL)保留型膝关节假体置换术进行15年以上临床随访研究,分析其临床疗效及失败原因.方法 对Medico-Chirurgical du Cedre中心1990年9月至1992年3月行PCL保留型全膝关节假体初次置换术获得随访的153例(178膝)患者的临床资料进行回顾性研究.对其采用术后X线测量结合随访时国际膝关节协会临床评分评估手术疗效,X线测量包括髋膝踝角(HKA)平均值、HKA绝对偏差、α角、β角、髌骨指数(AP/AT)、胫骨后倾角(PTA)等.以翻修率作为假体生存率最终评定标准.结果 153例患者随访时31例(49膝)死亡,4例(4膝)失访,获访118例(125膝).翻修11膝,15年以上假体生存率93.7%.翻修11膝原因分别为:9膝为假体界面无菌性松动(其中7膝伴严重骨溶解,2膝为胫骨假体周围透亮线伴疼痛),1膝反曲畸形,1膝内侧胫骨平台塌陷.术后随访时膝关节协会评分达173分,优良率95.9%.对比翻修患者与未翻修患者临床资料:对侧未手术膝关节内外翻角、术前正位X线片β角、两组手术前后膝关节协会评分差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 PCL保留型假体可以较好地恢复膝关节生物力学特性,15年以上生存率优良.仅个别病例失败与PCL失效有关,聚乙烯衬垫后部过度磨损和髌股关节并发症少见.未手术侧膝关节畸形程度和术侧膝关节胫骨侧内翻畸形程度可能是影响假体翻修率的重要因素.  相似文献   

9.
s.  BHAN  R.MALHOTRA  E.  KRJSHNA  KIRAN  SOURAV  SHUKLA  MAHESH  BIJJAWARA  曹沛宏 《骨科动态》2006,2(1):14-19
背景:低接触应力旋转平台(活动衬垫式)和Insall Burstein-Ⅱ型(固定衬垫式)全膝人工关节假体各自独立的长期稳定性已有报道,但我们尚未见有关这两种假体的中长期随访及对比性研究。 方法:对32例双侧膝关节畸形和术前活动范围均相似的膝关节炎患者进行了前瞻性评估,患者同意一侧膝关节行活动衬垫全膝关节置换,另一侧膝关节行固定衬垫全膝关节置换。术后平均随访6年,使患者、医生和观测者的相关干扰降至最小,对两种假体进行对比分析,项目包括临床和X线片结果、生存率和并发症发生率。 结果:术后骨关节炎患者的功能评分和活动范围好于类风湿性关节炎患者。然而,对患者在膝关节协会评分、屈曲范围、主观表现或髌股并发症发生率等方面进行评估,没有发现活动衬垫式假体比固定衬垫式假体更好。X线片显示两者在假体排列上没有差异。两例使用活动衬垫式假体的膝关节需要再次手术,其中1例因衬垫脱位而需要早期翻修,另1例因深部感染而进行关节融合。 结论:我们发现中期随访患者的临床表现显示,活动衬垫式全膝关节置换术并不比固定衬垫式全膝人工关节置换术具有更多的优点。活动衬垫式假体发生假体脱位和半脱位的危险性应给予重视,在发生脱位后要早期进行翻修。 可信水平:治疗性研究,Ⅱ级,进一步可信度参见作者介绍。  相似文献   

10.
目的比较单髁关节置换术(UKA)和全膝关节置换术(TKA)治疗内侧间室膝骨关节炎的早中期疗效。方法将68例(70膝)内侧间室膝骨关节炎患者随机分成UKA组及TKA组。比较两组手术时间、术中出血量、术后引流量、住院天数,采用膝关节KSS评分、膝关节活动度(ROM)、人工关节被遗忘指数(FJS)评价手术效果。结果患者均获得随访,时间25~36个月。UKA组在手术时间、术中出血量、术后引流量、住院天数均低于TKA组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.01)。术后6周,UKA组的KSS评分及ROM均高于TKA组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。术后6、12、24个月,UKA组的FJS评分均高于TKA组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.01)。结论 UKA治疗内侧间室膝骨关节炎是安全有效的方法,相比于TKA具有一定的优势。  相似文献   

11.
BACKGROUND: Unicompartmental knee arthroplasty has become a popular treatment alternative for osteoarthritis that is confined to the medial part of the knee. Excellent intermediate-term results recently have been reported in association with the Miller-Galante unicompartmental implant. The purpose of the present study was to report on our longer-term experience with the Miller-Galante medial unicompartmental knee implant. METHODS: We evaluated the results of 113 medial unicompartmental knee arthroplasties that had been performed with use of the Miller-Galante implant in eighty-four patients between 1989 and 2000. The mean age of the patients at the time of surgery was sixty-eight years. Forty-five patients were men, and thirty-nine were women. Thirteen patients (sixteen knees) died at a mean of seven years after the index arthroplasty. No patient was lost to follow-up. The remaining seventy-one patients (ninety-seven knees) were followed for a mean of ten years and were evaluated with use of the Knee Society clinical and radiographic rating system. RESULTS: Eleven knees were revised at a mean of four years after the index procedure. The mean Knee Society knee and function scores for the sixty-one patients (eighty-six knees) who were living and who had not had a revision improved from 48 and 53 points preoperatively to 93 and 80 points at the time of the most recent evaluation. The five and ten-year rates of survival were 94% and 90%, respectively, with revision to tricompartmental knee arthroplasty as the end point and 93% and 86%, respectively, with revision or radiographic loosening as the end point. CONCLUSIONS: The Miller-Galante medial unicompartmental knee arthroplasty provided excellent pain relief and restoration of function in carefully selected patients and demonstrated durable implant survival at ten years.  相似文献   

12.
A total of 77 knees in 60 consecutive patients were operated on for medial gonarthrosis using a cemented porous coated anatomical (PCA) unicompartmental knee arthroplasty. Their average age was 71.3 years; 11 were men and 49 women. Clinically, the results in 67 knees were rated as being good to excellent, with mean preoperative and postoperative flexion of 123 and 122 deg, respectively. No deep infections or deep venous thrombosis occurred, but there was one dislocation of the femoral component. Overall clinical and radiographic results were satisfactory in 88% at 7.0 years’ follow-up. Kaplan-Meier survivorship analysis indicated that the failure rate of unicompartmental knee arthroplasty was 12% at average follow-up. In patients aged 70 years or more, unicompartmental knee arthroplasty for medial gonarthrosis should be considered an excellent alternative to high tibial osteotomy. Received: 4 November 1996  相似文献   

13.
Revision total knee arthroplasty for failed unicompartmental replacement   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
The results in nineteen patients (twenty-one knees) who had a failed unicompartmental knee replacement followed by a revision total knee arthroplasty were evaluated. There were twelve excellent, four good, one fair, and two poor results. The interval between the unicompartmental replacement and the revision total knee arthroplasty ranged from eight months to eight years. At the time of the revision, a major osseous defect was found in sixteen knees (76 per cent). The duration of follow-up after the revision ranged from two to ten years. At the most recent follow-up examination, radiographs revealed at least one radiolucent line in thirteen knees (62 per cent). The technical difficulties associated with the revision operation are evidence that unicondylar arthroplasty is not a conservative procedure that allows a total knee arthroplasty to be done easily later. The results also do not support the argument that a revision performed after failure of a unicondylar arthroplasty is less technically demanding than one performed after a failed primary total knee arthroplasty.  相似文献   

14.
The success rate of unicompartmental knee arthroplasty has been variable, and controversy still surrounds its use. Achieving good functional results from this surgery may require understanding surgical principles, precise operative techniques, and careful patient selection. This paper evaluates clinical results and factors influencing postoperative knee function after unicompartmental knee arthroplasty. The follow-up assessment of 109 knees that underwent unicompartmental knee arthroplasty showed that 90 of 109 knees were classified as excellent or good (82.6%) using the Hospital for Special Surgery knee scoring system. In the excellent group (54 knees), 52% of the postoperative, standing femorotibial angles converged on a range of 170 degrees to 175 degrees with a mean of 174 degrees +/- 4 degrees. The knees with residual flexion contracture after surgery showed poorer clinical results. Therefore, complete elimination of the flexion contracture during surgery is considered mandatory.  相似文献   

15.
BACKGROUND: There is a renewed interest in unicompartmental knee arthroplasty. The present report describes the minimum ten-year results associated with a unicompartmental knee arthroplasty design that is in current use. METHODS: Sixty-two consecutive unicompartmental knee arthroplasties that were performed with cemented modular Miller-Galante implants in fifty-one patients were studied prospectively both clinically and radiographically. All patients had isolated unicompartmental disease without patellofemoral symptoms. No patient was lost to follow-up. Thirteen patients (thirteen knees) died after less than ten years of follow-up, leaving thirty-eight patients (forty-nine knees) with a minimum of ten years of follow-up. The average duration of follow-up was twelve years. RESULTS: The mean Hospital for Special Surgery knee score improved from 55 points preoperatively to 92 points at the time of the final follow-up. Thirty-nine knees (80%) had an excellent result, six (12%) had a good result, and four (8%) had a fair result. At the time of the final follow-up, thirty-nine knees (80%) had flexion to at least 120 degrees . Two patients (two knees) with well-fixed components underwent revision to total knee arthroplasty, at seven and eleven years, because of progression of patellofemoral arthritis. At the time of the final follow-up, no component was loose radiographically and there was no evidence of periprosthetic osteolysis. Radiographic evidence of progressive loss of joint space was observed in the opposite compartment of nine knees (18%) and in the patellofemoral space of seven knees (14%). Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed a survival rate of 98.0% +/- 2.0% at ten years and of 95.7% +/- 4.3% at thirteen years, with revision or radiographic loosening as the end point. The survival rate was 100% at thirteen years with aseptic loosening as the end point. CONCLUSIONS: After a minimum duration of follow-up of ten years, this cemented modular unicompartmental knee design was associated with excellent clinical and radiographic results. Although the ten-year survival rate was excellent, radiographic signs of progression of osteoarthritis in the other compartments continued at a slow rate. With appropriate indications and technique, this unicompartmental knee design can yield excellent results into the beginning of the second decade of use.  相似文献   

16.
Sixty-two consecutive cemented modular unicompartmental knee arthroplasties in 51 patients were studied prospectively. At surgery, the other compartments had at most Grade 2 chondromalacia. The average age of the patients at arthroplasty was 68 years (range, 51-84 years). One patient was lost to followup and 10 died with less than 6 years followup. The average followup of the remaining 51 knees was 7.5 years (range, 6-10 years). The preoperative Hospital for Special Surgery knee score of 55 points (range, 30-79 points) improved to 92 points (range, 60-100 points) at followup; 78% (40 knees) had excellent and 20% (10 knees) had good results. The mean range of motion at followup was 120 degrees with 26 knees (51%) having range of motion greater than 120 degrees. One patient underwent revision surgery for retained cement, one patient underwent knee manipulation, and one patient underwent revision surgery at 7 years for opposite compartment degeneration and pain. Radiographically, 26 knees (51%) had at least one partial radiolucency. There were no complete femoral radiolucencies, but there were three complete tibial radiolucencies, all less than 2 mm. No component was loose as seen on radiographs. At final followup, five of the opposite compartments (10%) and three of the patellofemoral joints (6%) had some progressive radiographic joint space loss; this was less than a 25% loss in all but one knee component that was revised. At 6- to 10-years followup, cemented unicompartmental knee arthroplasty yielded excellent clinical and radiographic results. The 10-year survival using radiographic loosening or revision as the end point was 98%. Using stringent selection criteria, unicompartmental knee replacement can yield excellent results and represents a superb alternative to total knee replacement.  相似文献   

17.
BACKGROUND: Unicompartmental knee arthroplasty has been used to treat elderly, low-demand patients, but the literature is sparse regarding the use of this procedure for younger, active patients. The purpose of the present retrospective study was to evaluate the results of unicompartmental knee arthroplasty in younger, more active patients. METHODS: Forty-one patients underwent forty-six consecutive unicompartmental knee arthroplasties with use of the Miller-Galante system between 1988 and 1996. All of the patients were sixty years of age or younger and all were physically active. The Hospital for Special Surgery knee score and the University of California at Los Angeles activity assessment were used to rate the function and to determine the activity level of each patient, respectively. Serial radiographs were used to evaluate the status of prosthetic fixation, femorotibial alignment, and the progression of arthrosis in the unreplaced compartment. Long-term survivorship was calculated with use of Kaplan-Meier analysis. RESULTS: The mean duration of follow-up was eleven years. Of the forty-five knees that were available for follow-up, three had been revised. The Hospital for Special Surgery score was excellent for thirty-nine (93%) of the remaining forty-two knees and good for three. The University of California at Los Angeles activity assessment score was 6.6 +/- 1.4 for the knees in which the original prosthesis had been retained and 7.3 +/- 1.5 for those in which it had been revised. Two asymptomatic patients had revision of a modular tibial component because of substantial radiographic evidence of polyethylene wear; one of these patients had exchange of the polyethylene insert and the tibial tray, and the other had exchange of the polyethylene insert only. A third patient underwent revision total knee arthroplasty because of continuing knee pain and a progressive tibial radiolucent line that was >2 mm in width. The average postoperative femorotibial alignment was 5 degrees of valgus. Nine knees had progression of arthritis in the unresurfaced compartment; none of these knees were revised, and none of the patients had deterioration in the Hospital for Special Surgery score. Kaplan-Meier analysis demonstrated an eleven-year survivorship of 92%. CONCLUSIONS: At an average duration of follow-up of eleven years, unicompartmental knee arthroplasty was associated with pain relief and excellent function in a cohort of patients who had been sixty years of age or younger and active at the time of surgery.  相似文献   

18.
Successful medial unicompartmental knee arthroplasty is becoming standard; however, the "screw-home" mechanism, internal femoral rotation on a fixed tibia as the knee is fully extended, should be taken into account with lateral compartment arthroplasty. Twenty-nine consecutive lateral unicompartmental arthroplasties were performed with our unique tibial component positioning in 10 degrees to 15 degrees of internal rotation to compensate for the "screw-home" mechanism. The Hospital for Special Surgery knee score and serial radiographs were used in the evaluation of each patient. The mean duration of follow-up was 12.4 years with no revisions. The HSS score was excellent or good in all knees. The average postoperative femoral-tibial alignment was 5 degrees of valgus, and the average posterior tibial slope was 6 degrees . Lateral unicompartmental arthroplasty can provide excellent long-term results with modified positioning of the tibial component.  相似文献   

19.
BACKGROUND: Knee arthritis in the young patient is a challenging problem that may necessitate surgical treatment. We continue to perform hemiarthroplasty with a metallic tibial implant in selected young patients who, for various reasons, are not candidates for osteotomy, unicompartmental arthroplasty, or total knee arthroplasty. The purpose of the present study was to determine the minimum twelve-year results of this procedure in young patients. METHODS: The original study group consisted of a consecutive series of twenty-four patients (twenty-six knees) who were managed with McKeever tibial hemiarthroplasty for the treatment of unicompartmental osteoarthritis of the knee. All patients were younger than sixty years of age at the time of the index procedure (average age, 44.6 years). During the study period, two patients died and one was lost to follow-up, leaving twenty-one patients (twenty-three knees) available for review. All patients were followed clinically for a minimum of twelve years or until revision. Knee Society knee and functional scores and Tegner scores were determined, and seven of the ten implants were evaluated radiographically. RESULTS: Thirteen knees were revised at an average of eight years after the index procedures. All thirteen knees had an uncomplicated revision to either a unicompartmental arthroplasty or total knee arthroplasty. Ten retained implants were available for clinical review after an average duration of follow-up of 16.8 years. The mean Knee Society knee scores, functional scores, and Tegner scores, available for nine of these ten knees, were 80, 97, and 4.2, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: We believe that the McKeever tibial hemiarthroplasty continues to be a reasonable surgical option for patients who are not candidates for osteotomy and are too young or too active for a unicompartmental or total knee arthroplasty.  相似文献   

20.
Revision of failed unicompartmental knee arthroplasty.   总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9  
Little information has been published on the salvage of failed unicompartmental knee arthroplasty. The current authors examined the failure mechanisms, complexity of surgery, and complications in such revisions. Of 39 consecutive unicompartmental knee revisions, two patients died within 2 years of surgery, four had inadequate followup, and one was excluded because of infection before revision. Therefore, 30 patients (32 knees) were followed up a mean 53 months. The patients were a mean age of 59 years at the time of unicompartmental knee arthroplasty and were predominantly male (60%). Revisions were done 9 to 204 months after the unicompartmental knee arthroplasty. The predominant failure mechanism was polyethylene wear; however, nine failed because of loosening. The mean polyethylene thickness of the failed arthroplasties was 7.3 mm. Revision procedures were straightforward. Ten patients required local autograft but no allografts were used. Primary femoral components were used in all patients; 25 were cruciate-retaining. Fourteen patients had stemmed tibial components; eight had wedge augments. The mean range of motion after revision was 111 degrees. Six patients had complications not requiring intervention. Three patients had rerevision surgery for polyethylene wear at 76, 77, and 102 months, respectively, two of whom required polyethylene insert and patellar component revision. The third patient also required tibial component revision for osteolysis. Although this is a small series, the simplicity of the procedure and the complications encountered compare favorably with those of total knee revision.  相似文献   

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