长链非编码RNA在呼吸道变应性疾病中的研究进展[综述]

长链非编码RNA（long non-coding RNA，lncRNA）是指不具有编码蛋白质功能、长度大于200个核苷酸的内源性RNA。lncRNA可通过调节细胞免疫、表观遗传、基因转录及转录后扮演重要的角色。近年来，变应性疾病患者日趋增多，有研究显示lncRNA在呼吸道变应性疾病，尤其是在变应性鼻炎、哮喘等相关炎症信号通路调控中发挥重要调节作用。本文就此部分研究进展进行综述，进一步揭示lncRNA在呼吸道变应性疾病中的调节作用，为变应性疾病及其并发症的早期预防和精准化诊疗提供新方法。     

长链非编码RNA在Th1/Th2细胞分化中的研究进展

长链非编码RNA（long non-codingRNA，lncRNA）是一类不具有编码能力且长度大于200个核苷酸的内源性RNA，虽然不编码蛋白质，但是lncRNA在各种细胞以及细胞生理功能的调控中起着至关重要的作用。近年来，越来越多的研究表明lncRNA与肿瘤的发生、发展和转移密切相关，但与变应性鼻炎的相关研究却鲜有报道。本文就长链非编码RNA在Th细胞分化调节中的研究进展做一综述。     

肿瘤研究的又一把新钥匙——长链非编码RNA

非编码RNA是一类不具有编码蛋白质功能的RNA分子,但是他们在生命活动中发挥着重要调控作用。随着对非编码RNA研究深入,长链非编码RNA（long non-coding RNA,lncRNA）成为目前研究的热点。研究表明,lncRNA在肿瘤的发生、发展过程中发挥着多种作用,有希望成为肿瘤新型标志物,在肿瘤诊断、治疗以及预后评估方面显示出良好的应用前景。本文对lncRNA在肿瘤领域的研究现状做一综述。     

长链非编码RNA在头颈恶性肿瘤中的研究进展

长链非编码RNA（long non-coding RNA,lncRNA）是指长度超过200个核苷酸的不编码蛋白质的RNA,近年来研究显示lncRNA在多种生物体中可作为癌基因或抑癌基因,对肿瘤的发生发展起调控作用。本文简述了长链非编码RNA的概念及其功能,以及目前在肿瘤学方面的研究现状,着重分析了其在头颈恶性肿瘤中的研究进展,提出lncRNA与头颈肿瘤的发生发展关系密切,在肿瘤诊断和治疗方面显示出良好的临床应用前景。     

鼻咽癌基础研究的新前沿——长链非编码RNA

最新研究证明人类基因组中的非蛋白编码部分在致癌和肿瘤细胞转移中有重要作用。在众多种类的非蛋白编码RNA中,长链非编码RNA（long non-coding RNA,lncRNA）在癌症生物学中承担了关键的监管作用。本文对lncRNA在人类肿瘤,特别是鼻咽癌中的研究现状做一综述。     

长链非编码RNA与喉癌的相关性

长链非编码RNA (lncRNA)属于非编码RNA中的一种,通过影响染色体的重塑、转录和转录后基因表达水平来调节机体功能.近年研究发现,lncRNA与肿瘤的发生、发展有关,并有多种lncRNA在喉癌中表达异常,其可能在喉癌的发病过程中发挥重要作用.本文就lncRNA在喉癌的发生、进展中的作用及机制研究现状进行综述,对其在喉癌的诊断、治疗以及预后方面的应用前景做一展望.     

长链非编码RNA在变应性鼻炎中的生物学机制研究进展

长链非编码RNA (lncRNA)起初被认为是不具蛋白质编码功能的非编码RNA,随着检测技术的更新迭代,人们对其来源、分类、功能的认识逐渐深入,尤其在免疫调节方面,发现lncRNA起到关键的调节作用.变应性鼻炎(AR)为免疫调节失衡所产生的疾病,研究发现lncRNA与AR的发生发展密切相关.目前的研究以AR相关lncR...     

生物信息学分析长链非编码RNA在变应性鼻炎中的作用

目的 识别变应性鼻炎(AR)疾病进展的差异表达基因,探索其竞争性内源RNA(ceRNA)网络调控机制,并筛选潜在的治疗靶点.方法 检索GEO数据库,下载AR的微阵列芯片GSE46171.借助R语言等软件分析得到差异的长链非编码RNA (lncRNA)与信使RNA(mRNA),并通过公共数据库预测与差异lncRNA互作的...     

长链非编码RNA在头颈肿瘤转移中的研究进展

随着手术、放射治疗和化疗、免疫治疗等综合治疗方式的进展，头颈肿瘤患者的生存率较以往有所提升，但对于局部晚期肿瘤患者，其预后、生存率及生存质量仍是棘手问题，肿瘤转移则是影响晚期患者最主要的因素之一。近年来随着对长链非编码RNA（long non-coding RNA，lncRNA）的认识，发现其在表观遗传、转录、转录后、翻译及翻译后等多个水平的异常调控可促使肿瘤转移，这为研究肿瘤转移提供新途径。本文就lncRNA在头颈部肿瘤转移中的研究进展做一综述。     

长链非编码RNA与甲状腺乳头状癌相关性研究新进展

甲状腺乳头状癌(papillary thyroid carcinoma,PTC)发病率逐年攀升,严重影响公众健康,尚缺乏一种理想的生物标志物指导临床。随着长链非编码RNA(long non-coding RNA,lncRNA)在人类肿瘤中的作用逐渐被认识,其有望成为一种新型标志物,实现肿瘤的精准治疗。目前研究显示lncRNA可能参与PTC的发生和发展过程。本综述主要阐述PTC相关lncRNA的表达谱变化、作用机制及其在临床诊断、预后评估中的意义,有助于发现新的标志物。     

血浆长链非编码RNA NEAT1和H19及MALAT1在鼻咽癌中的表达及临床意义

 目的探讨长链非编码RNA（long non coding RNA, lncRNA）3个分子NEAT1和H19及MALAT1在鼻咽癌患者血浆中的表达水平及其在鼻咽癌诊断中的价值。方法收集91例病理确诊的鼻咽癌患者和100例健康体检者血浆作为研究对象。采用定量逆转录PCR检测上述3个lncRNA分子在鼻咽癌患者及健康者血浆中的表达水平。统计分析鼻咽癌患者血浆lncRNA NEAT1、H19和MALAT1 的表达水平与临床因素之间的关系,受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线和曲线下面积（AUC）评估血浆这3个lncRNA分子诊断鼻咽癌的效能。结果鼻咽癌患者血浆lncRNA NEAT1、H19和MALAT1的相对表达量均显著高于对照组（P<0.001）。MALAT1表达水平与N分期相关。血浆NEAT1、H19和MALAT1检测诊断鼻咽癌的AUC分别为0.715、0.708和0.704;NEAT1与H19联合,诊断鼻咽癌AUC增加至0.734。结论鼻咽癌患者血浆lncRNA NEAT1、H19和MALAT1有可能成为鼻咽癌辅助诊断的标志物。     

复发性呼吸道乳头状瘤病和长链非编码RNA

复发性呼吸道乳头状瘤是喉部最常见的良性肿瘤,目前认为复发性呼吸道乳头状瘤的发生与低危型人乳头状瘤病毒感染有关。长链非编码RNA是一类长度大于200 nt的RNA,其并不编码蛋白质,而是在多种层面上调控基因的表达;多种疾病的发生发展均与长链非编码RNA有关。本文就喉乳头状瘤和长链非编码RNA做一综述。     

基于N6-甲基腺苷相关长链非编码核糖核酸表达的喉鳞状细胞癌预后分析

目的 探索N6-甲基腺苷(m6A)相关长链非编码核糖核酸(lncRNA)与喉鳞状细胞癌(LSCC)的预后关系及其临床意义。方法 获取癌症基因组图谱(TCGA)数据库LSCC的转录组数据和临床数据,共表达分析筛选m6A基因相关的lncRNA,单变量Cox分析m6A相关lncRNA与LSCC预后关系、套索回归及交叉验证法迭代分析构建LSCC预后模型。采用实时荧光定量聚合酶链式反应(qPCR)验证构建预后模型的lncRNA在LSCC中的转录水平。通过预后模型计算风险评分,将LSCC区分为高、低风险患者,高、低风险患者之间进行基因集富集分析(GSEA)。风险评分与浸润LSCC的免疫细胞进行免疫相关性分析。结果 m6A相关基因与lncRNA的共表达分析筛选出169个与m6A基因相关的lncRNA(相关系数>0.4,P<0.001),通过单变量Cox分析确定了LSCC预后相关lncRNA:ALOX12-AS1(P<0.05)、LINC00528(P<0.05)、STAG3L5P-PVRIG2P-PILRB(P<0.05)、MNX1-AS1(P<0.01)和LIN...     

Actin-binding and microtubule-associated proteins in the organ of Corti.

Actin-binding and microtubule-associated proteins regulate microfilament and microtubule number, length, organization and location in cells. In freeze-dried preparations of the guinea pig cochlea, both actin and tubulin are found in the sensory and supporting cells of the organ of Corti. Fodrin (brain spectrin) co-localized with actin in the cuticular plates of both inner and outer hair cells and along the lateral wall of the outer hair cells. Alpha-actinin co-localized with actin in the cuticular plates of the hair cells and in the head and foot plates of the supporting cells. It was also found in the junctional regions between hair cells and supporting cells. Profilin co-localized with actin in the cuticular plates of the sensory hair cells. Myosin was detected only in the cuticular plates of the outer hair cells and in the supporting cells in the region facing endolymph. Gelsolin was found in the region of the nerve fibers. Tubulin is found in microtubules in all cells of the organ of Corti. In supporting cells, microtubules are bundled together with actin microfilaments and tropomyosin, as well as being present as individual microtubules arranged in networks. An intensely stained network of microtubules is found in both outer and inner sensory hair cells. The microtubules in the outer hair cells appear to course throughout the entire length of the cells, and based on their staining with antibodies to the tyrosinated form of tubulin they appear to be more dynamic structures than the microtubules in the supporting cells. The microtubule-associated protein MAP-2 is present only in outer hair cells within the organ of Corti and co-localizes with tubulin in these cells. No other MAPs (1,3,4,5) are present. Tau is found in the nerve fibers below both inner and outer hair cells and in the osseous spiral lamina. It is clear that the actin-binding and microtubule-associated proteins present in the cochlea co-localize with actin and tubulin and that they modulate microfilament and microtubule structure and function in a manner similar to that seen in other cell types. The location of some of these proteins in outer hair cells suggests a role for microfilaments and microtubules in outer hair cell motility.     

Dystroglycan expression in the developing and senescent gerbil cochlea

Dystroglycan (DG) forms part of a cell surface laminin receptor complex and is believed to play a critical role in the assembly and homeostasis of basement membranes (BM). The receptor complex is made up of alpha- and beta-DG subunits and is found in muscle, epithelial and nerve tissue. In the cochlea, DG may be involved in the abnormal accumulation of laminin seen in the thickened BM of strial capillaries with age. This excess deposition of laminin is thought to lead to capillary necrosis and contribute to degeneration of the stria vascularis (SV). Here we assessed the presence and distribution of DG in the developing, mature and senescent gerbil cochlea in order to ascertain whether altered patterns of expression are a factor in age-related pathology. Western blots of proteins isolated from the entire cochlea demonstrated the presence of the alpha-DG subunit. mRNA encoding DG was identified in microdissected specimens of the lateral wall and the combined organ of Corti/modiolus by RT-PCR analysis. Immunohistochemical experiments localized alpha-DG in epithelial BMs and regions of epithelial cell-cell contact with no intervening BM in the developing and mature cochlea. Immunoreactive alpha-DG was present in the BM underlying strial capillaries and in vessels of the central portion of the auditory nerve, but was not detected in any other vessels in the cochlea. Age-related changes in alpha-DG expression were observed only in the SV where a marked decrease in alpha-DG immunoreactivity was seen in the BM of strial capillaries as well as throughout the SV. The results demonstrate the selective expression of alpha-DG in both BM and non-BM sites in the mature cochlea and suggests its involvement in both developmental and aging processes.     

bcl-2和bax基因在喉鳞状细胞癌细胞周期各时相的表达及其意义

OBJECTIVE: To detect the expression of bcl-2 and bax in each phase of cell cycle in laryngeal carcinoma, and explore the relationship between the expression of bcl-2 and bax in each phase of the cell cycle and the occurrence, development and prognosis in the carcinoma of larynx. METHODS: The immunohistochemical method, TUNEL technique and flowcytometry (FCM) parameter analyses were combined to detect the apoptosis and the expression of bcl-2 and bax in each phase of the cell cycle in 15 polyps of vocal cord and 387 laryngeal carcinomas. RESULTS: Total bcl-2 expression and bcl-2 expression in G0G1 stage in laryngeal carcinoma was significantly higher than that in polyp of vocal cord. In contrast, the total bax expression and the bax expression in each phase of cell cycle in laryngeal carcinoma were all lower than that in polyp of vocal cord. The total apoptosis index in laryngeal carcinoma was obviously lower than that in polyp of vocal cord, and this phenomenon was mainly caused by the decrease of the apoptosis in G0G1 phase. The bcl-2, bax expression and the apoptosis wasn't notably related to clinical stage, clinical type and T grade. In poor-differentiated squamous carcinoma, the bcl-2 expression in S and G2M phase was obviously higher than that in well-differentiated and the moderate-differentiated squamous carcinoma. The total apoptosis index, the apoptosis in S phase and the apoptosis in G2M phase were obviously enhanced both in the group of recurrence and in the patients who died in 5 years after the operation, in the same samples, the significant increasing of bcl-2 expression in S and G2M phase was detected. CONCLUSIONS: The significant decreasing of the apoptosis in G0G1 phase caused by high expression of bcl-2 was an important affair in the initial stage of laryngeal carcinoma. Accompanying the significant increasing of the total apoptosis index, the apoptosis in S phase and the apoptosis in G2M phase could be regard as an indicator that the cancer of larynx was malignant with poor prognosis and need adjuvant therapy. The decreasing of bax expression may play a role in the occurrence of laryngeal carcinoma.     

喉癌中p16基因突变和甲基化的研究

目的 探讨ｐ１６基因在喉癌发生发展中的作用和在喉癌中的失活机制。方法 应用聚合酶链反应－单链构象多态性分析（ｐｏｌｙｍｅｒａｓｅ ｃｈａｉｎ ｒｅａｃｔｉｏｎ－ｓｉｎｇｌｅ ｓｔｒａｎｄ ｃｏｎｆｏｒｍａｔｉｏｎ ｐｏｌｙｍｏｒｐｈｉｓｍａｎａｌｙ－ｓｉｓ,ＰＣＲ－ＳＳＣＰ）银染方法和ＰＣＲ甲基化敏感内匹酶方法检测３２例喉癌和相应癌旁组织的ｐ１６基因第１,第２外显子突变和甲基化热点区域部分内切酶