言语训练矫治儿童功能性构音障碍45例

[目的]分析言语训练矫治儿童功能性构音障碍的效果.[方法]采用专业人员强化训练,并同家庭成员和/或教师配合,对年龄4～11岁的45例功能性构音障碍患儿进行言语训练.[结果]45例患儿经训练后,34例痊愈,余下11例声母发音明显改善,部分韵母仍有发音障碍.[结论]通过上述方法矫治儿童功能性构音障碍的效果显著.专业人员强化训练为指导,辅以家庭成员和/或教师巩固训练相结合的模式不失为言语治疗的二种好方法.     

综合医院门诊病人艾滋病知识调查分析

[目的]了解门诊病人艾滋病认知情况.[方法]用问卷法对山东省潍坊市1所三级综合医院的275名病人进行调查.[结果]艾滋病相关知识知晓率62.84%,认为多性伴、血液传播的正确率在80%以上,而对蚊虫叮咬、握手拥抱、共用办公用具、共用游泳池等不传播的正确率为30.35%～52.73%.对HIV感染者和艾滋病人存在明显的恐惧心理和歧视行为.[结论]医院就诊病人艾滋病知识缺乏,应加强培训教育,消除恐惧心理和歧视行为.     

广东启动贫困聋儿人工耳蜗抢救性康复项目

广东省近日启动贫困聋儿人工耳蜗抢救性康复项目。1至5岁的贫困重度聋儿可申请人工耳蜗抢救性康复．免费获得基本型人工耳蜗．并免手术费（含术前检查费用）和术后一年的康复训练费。     

6 879名4～12岁学生嗓音患病情况调查及干预机制的对策分析

[目的]了解4～12岁学生嗓音疾病发病情况,指导临床做好防治工作.[方法]采用调查表格进行耳鼻咽喉科检查.[结果]调查6879名4～12岁学生,发现1303名嘶哑者,发病率为18.94%,女性发病率明显高于男性.喉部检查以声带小结和慢性喉炎最多,过度用嗓是造成4～12岁学生嗓音疾病的主要原因.[结论]对4～12岁学生嗓音疾病不应只限于治疗.更要重于早期检查以及纠正发音方法.     

血液灌流抢救重度有机磷中毒疗效的Meta分析

[目的]探讨国内血液灌流抢救重度有机磷中毒的疗效.[方法]对国内10篇有关血液灌流抢救重度有机磷中毒疗效的研究结果采用Review Manager 4.2分析软件,进行固定效应模型的Meta分析.[结果]入选的10项研究中,共包含重度有机磷中毒患者646例,治疗组均为常规内科治疗加血液灌流,对照组均给予常规内科治疗.治疗组治愈率高于对照组,合并RR值为1.18,95%7信区间为1.09～1.27.[结论]血液灌流可提高重度有机磷中毒患者的治愈率.     

弓形虫感染孕鼠出生子鼠的发育研究

[目的]观察孕鼠感染弓形虫后出生子鼠的身体、智力发育、寿命.[方法]以1×103个/ml和2×103个/ml RH株弓形虫0.1ml腹腔感染孕中期鼠(d 10),获得分娩子鼠.根据母鼠感染剂量不同,将子鼠分为重度感染组、轻度感染组和非感染组,根据子鼠出生时IgM或CAg是否阳性,分为感染阳性组、感染阴性和非感染组,记录子鼠体重、智力发育、寿命情况.[结果]重度感染组比轻度感染组、感染阳性组比感染阴性组子鼠体重轻、智力低、寿命短.感染阳性组与非感染组比较,智力低、寿命无差别.[结论]孕期感染弓形虫可使存活子代体重减轻、智力降低、寿命缩短,其严重程度与感染剂量大小有关.     

不同年龄段儿童功能性构音障碍临床特征分析

目的 分析不同年龄段儿童功能性构音障碍的临床特征,为其干预治疗提供依据和参考。方法 将153例患儿分为4岁、5岁、6~9岁组,对其进行语音评估及治疗,分析错误特点及治疗效果。结果 4岁、5岁、6~9岁组患儿辅音错误平均个数分别为9.3、7.8、6.5个。舌尖后音错误率最高为90.8%;舌尖中音化及舌尖前音化错误常见,错误率分别为74.5%和46.4%;替代、歪曲及省略的错误率分别为98.0%、62.7%、7.2%。不同年龄间患儿功能性构音障碍程度,唇音、唇齿音、舌尖中音、舌根音、舌尖前音的发音错误,以及对舌面音化、塞音化、塞擦音化、不送气化和省略错误比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 构音障碍程度受年龄影响,且年龄的增长有利于改善辅音发音,但多数错误发音特点和治愈率不受年龄影响。儿童存在构音问题时,无论年龄大小都应及时就医诊治。     

不同年龄段儿童功能性构音障碍临床特征分析

目的 分析不同年龄段儿童功能性构音障碍的临床特征,为其干预治疗提供依据和参考。方法 将153例患儿分为4岁、5岁、6~9岁组,对其进行语音评估及治疗,分析错误特点及治疗效果。结果 4岁、5岁、6~9岁组患儿辅音错误平均个数分别为9.3、7.8、6.5个。舌尖后音错误率最高为90.8%;舌尖中音化及舌尖前音化错误常见,错误率分别为74.5%和46.4%;替代、歪曲及省略的错误率分别为98.0%、62.7%、7.2%。不同年龄间患儿功能性构音障碍程度,唇音、唇齿音、舌尖中音、舌根音、舌尖前音的发音错误,以及对舌面音化、塞音化、塞擦音化、不送气化和省略错误比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 构音障碍程度受年龄影响,且年龄的增长有利于改善辅音发音,但多数错误发音特点和治愈率不受年龄影响。儿童存在构音问题时,无论年龄大小都应及时就医诊治。     

先天性耳聋的早期干预

先天性耳聋系胎儿期受各种因素影响 ,使听觉器官发育障碍或受损 ,于出生时即已存在听力障碍者。先天性聋儿多为感音神经性聋 ,治疗十分困难 ,故早期干预对聋儿的康复极其重要。在康复听力学领域中 ,早期主预主要分为早期听力筛查、早期验配助听器进行矫正、早期进行言语训练。然而 ,限于国内各方面的条件 ,不少聋儿迟至 1周岁才发现 ,迟至7岁或更大才配助听器 ,甚至不配助听器 ,结果失去了学习言语的最佳时机 ,导致了十聋九哑的现状【1】。1　早期听力筛查1.1　观察婴儿的听觉言语行为　听觉功能正常的新生儿可对突然出现的≥ 6 0ｄＢ声压水…     

遵义市7岁以下儿童营养不良流行病学调查分析

[目的]调查遵义市7岁以下儿童营养不良患病率及其影响因素.[方法]采用分层整群随机抽样方法.对遵义市3 965名7岁以下儿童进行体格检查,问卷调查,根据WH0推荐的NCHS标准进行营养不良诊断并调查病因.[结果]遵义市7岁以下儿童体重低下患病率为4.91%,生长迟缓患病率为11.30%,消瘦患病率为1.08%.[结论]遵义市7岁以下儿童营养不良患病率较高,城、乡差异较为显著,需采取必要措施加强防治.     

Gender in discourse behaviour in parent-child dyads: a literature review

Background This literature review on gender differences in child–parent interaction links two types of research bodies gathered over the last decades, on the one hand early between‐child and within‐child differences, and, on the other hand, parental discourse differences with children. Method Relevant individual studies, as well as two meta‐analyses investigating gender in child–parent dyadic interaction, are evaluated, addressing differences in parental gender and child gender, early evidence of child gender differences in discourse, and child adaptations to interlocutors in general. Methodological problems of data gathering of both child and parental language are discussed, as well as the logical caveats of linking input to acquisition patterns. Result The findings allow no final conclusion regarding the issue of early gender socialization through language but indicate two contrasting hypotheses concerning the importance of early gendered linguistic interaction. Conclusion The paper concludes with a discussion of research designs which might allow further differentiation between existing theoretical accounts of early gender socialization through language.     

连续语音下学龄期脑瘫的流利性特征及其与言语可懂度的相关性

目的 本研究旨在探讨学龄期脑瘫儿童在连续语音下的言语流利性特征及其与言语可懂度之间的相关性,为脑瘫儿童言语流利性的评估与康复提供理论依据。方法 于2021年1—2月分别纳入学龄期痉挛型脑瘫儿童与同年龄段正常发育儿童各15名,分析其在朗读语音均衡式材料下的言语流利性相关声学参数,包括言语速率、构音速率、平均停顿时长、异常停顿次数和重复次数,再通过转录法计算其言语可懂度。并将言语流利性参数与言语可懂度分数进行Spearman相关性分析。结果 脑瘫组的言语速率、构音速率、言语可懂度显著小于正常对照组(t=-21.650,-15.440,-4.447,P<0.05);平均停顿时长、异常停顿次数、重复次数显著大于正常对照组(t=19.639,20.347,3.767,P<0.05)。脑瘫儿童的言语速率(r=0.831)、构音速率(r=0.827)与言语可懂度均呈正相关(P<0.01);平均停顿时长(r=-0.849)异常停顿次数(r=-0.783)、重复次数(r=-0.672)与言语可懂度均呈显著负相关(P＜0.01)。结论 痉挛型脑瘫儿童的言语可懂度降低,言语流利性存在异常,体现在语速减慢、停顿次数、停顿时长与重复次数增加。痉挛型脑瘫儿童的言语流利性与言语可懂度呈正相关,在脑瘫言语治疗中应合理加入改善言语流利性的训练。     

基于语音识别技术的影像科诊断报告生成系统的研究及设计

随着语音识别技术及信息技术的成熟和发展,基于语音识别的应用逐步增多,尤其在医疗信息化应用中得到了较好的发展.本文结合Microsoft Speech SDK技术,介绍语音技术在放射科报告生成系统中的应用,设计了一种影像科语音报告系统的解决方案,具有较高的实用性.     

智能语音口腔电子病历系统的探索与实践

目的 将语音识别技术应用于口腔科电子病历系统,及时、准确记录口腔电子病历,提高临床工作效率.方法 基于海量医学文本数据及医学音频数据,开发多模态智能语音口腔电子病历系统.结果 实现了基于语音识别技术的口腔电子病历系统与通用电子病历系统的无缝衔接,有效减轻医生工作强度,提升工作效率.结论 根据口腔科诊疗中需要对患者进行操...     

Fathers' speech to infants

Primary objective: This longitudinal and naturalistic study aimed to investigate systematically the focus, the thematic sequences, the complexity and the speech acts of paternal infant-directed speech. Method and procedure: Towards this goal, 11 infant–father dyads were video-recorded in spontaneous interactions at home from the second to the sixth month of infants' lives. Main results: Infant-focused speech (particularly infant attention and emotion thematic sequences) and dyad-focused paternal speech (clarification requests and ‘sharing’ of behaviour thematic sequences) were dominant. Paternal infant-directed thematic sequences were expressed through numeric repetitions and in open-ended questions more often than any other complexity and speech act category. Conclusions: The results are discussed in the frame of the Theory of Innate Intersubjectivity.     

发育性语音失用症

发育性语音失用症的病因涉及语音的运动计划问题 ,并与儿童语言发育水平有关。其表现特征主要是语音发育迟缓 ,将声音和音节组合成单词的困难 ,语音产生的不稳定性等。同时还可伴随运动的不协调 ,咀嚼、吞咽的困难和语言发育的问题。治疗方法主要是帮助儿童学习声音和声音组合的原则 ,语音运动的原则 ,反复多次地进行语音运动的操练。发育性语音失用症的预后受问题本身的严重程度、治疗方法和治疗时间的影响。治疗的目标是帮助儿童获得尽可能最佳的沟通技能     

非接触式语音探测系统

传统的语音检测方法均需要通过人体附近的传感器来检测语音信号.文中提出了1种新的非接触式语音探测系统,利用微波非接触探测喉部非空气传导语音,这种方法可以不必借助于人体附近的传感器,突破了传感器对语音检测的限制.     

Structural variations,quantitative differences and similarities between maternal and paternal infant-directed speech

ABSTRACT

We compared systematically the structure, the focus, the thematic sequences, the complexity and the syntactic properties between maternal and paternal infant-directed speech in engagements of infants with their mothers and fathers. Eleven mother–infant and 11 father–infant dyads were video-recorded during their natural interactions at home from the second to the sixth month after birth. Micro-analysis of maternal and paternal infant-directed speech within well-defined units and subunits of analysis revealed: (a) structural variations that gave a higher index of more and shorter in duration units and subunits in father–infant, compared to mother–infant, interactions; (b) quantitative differences that favour mother–infant interactions in the content of focused infant-directed speech; and (c) quantitative similarity of maternal and paternal references to infant emotions and ‘sharing’. These results are discussed in the frame of the theory of innate intersubjectivity and of the company and care both parents give to developing infants.     

Speech perception and speech comprehension investigations of pre-term newborns and high-risk neonates of pre-school age

The purpose of this study is to establish whether there is any connection between neonatal morbidity and speech perception and comprehension In children of pre-school age who have previously been treated as newborn infants In an intensive care unit. The test applied is a method invented in Hungary for the analysis of global hearing, speech perception and comprehension. The authors summarize the results of their follow-up studies of 52 children with respiratory disorders as newborns, some of whom were born as pre-term and some as full-term newborns with asphyxia. The children have been put into three groups according to their maturity and their birthweight. Newborns with hearing loss and mental retardation were excluded from this study. Of the various neonatal factors the results show: complications of delivery, birthweight, hypoxia, persistent ductus arteriosus, duration of ventilation and complications of respiratory treatment are found to be correlated to perception and comprehension. Incidences of poor achievement obtained in the most characteristic subtests have been compared among the different groups of newborns. The intelligence level of pre-school children is found to be closely correlated to speech perception and comprehension.     

儿童听力测试及助听器效果评估

本文就儿童言语测听的特点,国外较流行的测试方法,目前该领域的研究现状及其在儿童助听器效果评估中的应用作一概述,并对我国儿童言语测听研究提出展望。