妊娠期血清铁、叶酸、维生素B12的调查分析

目的：观察妊娠期女性血液中铁、叶酸及维生素B12的变化情况。方法：将200名妊娠期女性分成早、中、晚期以及足月妊娠四组，分别测定其血清铁、叶酸及维生素B12的水平，与对照组妇女的血清铁、叶酸及维生素B12水平进行比较。结果：自中期妊娠开始，随着妊娠月份的增加，孕妇血清铁、叶酸、维生素B12水平明显下降，晚期妊娠为最低，足月妊娠水平略有回升。结论：妊娠期孕妇体内铁、叶酸及维生素B12的消耗量增加，应适当补充。     

妊娠中晚期孕妇检测血清叶酸、维生素B12与铁蛋白对产科优生的指导意义

目的探讨妊娠中晚期孕妇检测血清叶酸、维生素B12和铁蛋白对产科优生的指导意义。方法选取我院妊娠中期孕妇40名,妊娠晚期孕妇42名及35名健康非孕期妇女,分别获取血清样本,比较三组妇女血清中叶酸、维生素B12和铁蛋白含量,并分析母体血清中叶酸含量与新生儿体重间的关系。结果妊娠中期组和妊娠晚期组孕妇血清中叶酸、维生素B12和铁蛋白含量均明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义;随着妊娠期的增加,血清中的叶酸和维生素B12含量越低;母亲血清中叶酸含量越高,新生儿体重越大。结论通过检测妊娠中晚期孕妇血清中叶酸、维生素B12与铁蛋白含量可判断是否缺乏营养,了解胎儿在母体中营养及生长状况。     

妊娠妇女在不同孕期血清铁蛋白、叶酸和维生素B_(12)的检测及临床意义

目的检测妇女妊娠期血清铁蛋白、叶酸和维生素B12的含量,为预防和治疗妊娠贫血提供实验依据。方法用化学发光免疫分析方法检测妊娠妇女血清铁蛋白、叶酸和维生素B12的含量。结果血清铁蛋白、叶酸和维生素B12的含量随孕期增长而降低,早孕妇女与正常对照组比较,铁蛋白和叶酸明显低于对照组(P<0.05),维生素B12无统计学意义(P>0.05);中、晚孕期妇女血清铁蛋白、叶酸和维生素B12的含量与正常对照组比较,铁蛋白、叶酸和维生素B12均显著低于对照组(P<0.01)。结论测定妇女妊娠期血清铁蛋白、叶酸和维生素B12的含量,可以鉴别妇女妊娠期贫血的原因,预防和治疗孕妇贫血,并保障胎儿的正常生长发育。     

妊娠高血压综合征血清中同型半胱氨酸、叶酸、维生素B_(12)水平的变化

目的探讨妊娠高血压综合征血清中同型半胱氨酸、叶酸及维生素B_(12)水平的变化意义。方法选择自2013年12月至2015年1月于我院确诊为妊娠高血压综合征28例为观察组,另选择同期于我院产检正常的孕妇30例为对照组。整理和分析上述孕妇在孕早期、中期、晚期血清中同型半胱氨酸、叶酸及维生素B_(12)的检测结果及观察组的治疗方法和血压控制效果。结果观察组孕早期同型半胱氨酸高于对照组孕早期水平,叶酸、维生素B_(12)均低于对照组(P<0.05)。观察组孕中、晚期叶酸及维生素B_(12)与对照组同期比较差异不大(P>0.05),但同型半胱氨酸均高于对照组同期水平(P<0.05)。观察组孕早、中、晚期血压值高分别为28例、15例、12例。结论妊娠高血压综合征血清中同型半胱氨酸、叶酸及维生素B_(12)水平,进行补充叶酸、维生素B_(12)及ACEI类降压治疗可使患者血清中叶酸、维生素B_(12)恢复到正常孕妇水平,同型半胱氨酸水平有所降低但与正常孕妇比较仍有一定差异。     

妊娠高血压疾病患者血浆同型半胱氨酸及代谢相关因子的测定及其关系探讨

目的 探讨血浆同型半胱氨酸（Hey）浓度与妊娠高血压疾病发生发展的关系。方法检测48例妊娠高血压疾病患者、60例正常妊娠晚期孕妇和16例非妊娠妇女血浆Hcy和血清叶酸以及维生素B6、维生素B12含量。结果 ①正常妊娠妇女血浆Hey以及血清叶酸、维生素B12、维生素B6水平较非妊娠妇女均明显下降（均为P〈0．05）。②妊娠高血压疾病组与正常妊娠组相比较，血浆Hey水平明显升高（P〈0．01），高Hey血症者妊娠高血压疾病的发病风险较正常Hey组升高3．6倍，（P〈0．05）。中重型妊娠高血压疾病组血浆Hey水平明显高于轻型妊娠高血压疾病组（P〈0.05），而轻型妊娠高血压疾病组与正常妊娠组相比二者的差异无显著性（P〉0．05）；血清叶酸水平明显降低（P〈0．05），而维生素B6以及维生素B12水平无明显差异（P〉0．05）。妊娠高血压疾病组与正常妊娠组血浆Hey水平与血清叶酸水平成直线负相关（P〈0．05），而与维生素B12维生素B6无明显相关性（P〉0．05）。结论 孕妇血浆Hey浓度升高，妊娠高血压疾病的发生风险明显增加。Hey浓度升高与妊娠高血压疾病的发生发展有一定的关系。     

妊娠期高血压疾病患者血浆总同型半胱氨酸水平与叶酸和维生素B12的关系

目的 测定妊娠期高血压疾病患者血浆总同型半胱氨酸(tHCY)、血清叶酸和维生素B12水平,以探讨轻、重度患者3者之间的相互关系.方法 用荧光偏振免疫分析法测定血浆tHCY水平,离子捕捉免疫分析法测定血清叶酸水平,微粒子酶联免疫分析法测定血清维生素B12水平.结果 232例妊娠期高血压疾病患者血浆tHCY水平、血清叶酸和维生素B12水平分别为(12.46±3.98)μmol/L,(11.81±3.39)nmol/L和(352.35±97.67)pmol/L,232例正常同期妊娠妇女血浆tHCY水平、血清叶酸和维生素B12水平分别为(6.71±2.43)μmol/L,(15.65±4.77)nmol/L和(438.63±129.45)pmol/L,2组比较均有显著性差异(P<0.01).97例重度患者血浆tHCY水平、血清叶酸和维生素B12水平分别为(15.07±5.21)μmol/L,(9.52±2.66)nmol/L和(315.29±84.18)pmol/L,135例轻度患者tHCY水平、血清叶酸和维生素B12水平分别为(10.28±3.74)μmol/L,(13.16±4.83)nmol/L和(390.23±114.35)pmol/L,2组比较均有显著性差异(P<0.01).相关分析显示,2组血浆tHCY水平与血清叶酸、维生素B12水平均呈负相关性.结论 妊娠期高血压疾病患者血浆tHCY浓度显著上升,血清叶酸、维生素B12浓度显著下降.随着病情的加重,妊娠期高血压疾病患者血浆tHCY浓度呈逐渐上升趋势,血清叶酸、维生素B12浓度呈逐渐下降趋势.     

孕妇血清25-羟维生素D水平检测的临床价值

目的 研究妊娠期并发症及妊娠结局与孕妇血清25-羟维生素D水平的相关性。方法 以我院收治的妊娠期妇女作为研究对象,400例孕妇皆于2018年1月至2019年6月在我院实施产检并分娩,对其血清25-羟维生素D水平予以临床检测,检测时间为妊娠24～28周,以检测结果实施分组,A、B、C组分别为血清25-羟维生素D水平充足、不足以及缺乏的孕妇,人数分别为60例、82例、258例,将其妊娠结局及并发症予以对比研究,本研究经医院伦理委员会审核批准。结果 与A组、B组孕妇相比,C组孕妇胎膜早破、妊娠期糖尿病、亚甲减、妊娠期高血压、细菌性阴道病等发生率均较高（P <0.05）;C组出现剖宫产、胎儿窘迫以及早产的概率均较A组、B组更高,差异有显著性（P <0.05）。结论 在妊娠过程中妇女血清中缺乏25-羟维生素D,可增加孕妇罹患妊娠期糖尿病、高血压、细菌性阴道病、亚临床甲状腺功能减退症等并发症的概率,同时也会增加早产及剖宫产的概率,对妊娠期妇女及胎儿均可产生不利影响。因此血清25-羟维生素D水平检测有利于尽早发现孕妇相关物质水平的变化,使不良妊娠结局及妊娠期并发症得到预防和改善。     

幽门螺杆菌感染与血清铁和维生素B12及叶酸的关系

目的探讨幽门螺杆菌(Hp)感染与血清铁、维生素B12、叶酸水平的关系;明确Hp感染导致微量营养素(血清铁、维生素B12、叶酸)缺乏的复合模式。方法选择该院门诊患者120例,进行快速尿素酶试验和13C尿素呼气试验检查,根据检查结果分为Hp阳性胃炎组及Hp阴性胃炎组,比较两组患者血清铁、维生素B12、叶酸的水平。结果 Hp阳性胃炎组患者血清铁、维生素B12和叶酸明显低于Hp阴性胃炎组分别为[(10.891±2.980)μmol/L与(19.232±4.298)μmol/L、(443.865±79.183)μg/L与(602.419±83.860)μg/L、(5.329±1.710)ng/L与(9.033±1.935)ng/L],差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论Hp感染能够造成血清铁、维生素B12、叶酸水平下降,从而导致微量营养素(血清铁、维生素B12、叶酸)的缺乏。     

938例妊娠中期孕妇血清叶酸水平调查分析

目的：观察孕妇妊娠中期血清叶酸水平变化,为孕妇补充叶酸提供依据。方法：将938例妊娠中期孕妇按照孕周分为孕12～20周组和孕21～28周组,用电化学发光免疫法检测血清叶酸水平变化。结果：随着妊娠周数增加,血清叶酸水平逐渐下降,两组相比差异有统计学意义,P〈0．05。结论：妊娠中期后只通过膳食补充叶酸是不够的,还需要补充含叶酸的维生素类补给晶,维持血清叶酸的正常值。     

妊娠期高血压疾病患者血浆总同型半胱氨酸浓度的监测及其影响因素分析

目的：监测妊娠期高血压疾病患者血浆总同型半胱氨酸（tHcy）浓度，并对其影响因素进行分析。方法：采用荧光偏振免疫分析法检测266例妊娠期高血压疾病患者和250例正常晚期妊娠妇女血浆tHcy浓度，并同时检测其血清叶酸、维生素B12（VitB12）浓度，对血浆tHcy浓度和血清叶酸、VitB12浓度的关系进行分析。结果：妊娠期高血压疾病患者血浆tHcy浓度显著高于正常妊娠组（P〈0．01），且重度患者显著高于轻度患者（P〈0．01），血清叶酸浓度、VitB12浓度妊娠期高血压疾病组均显著低于正常妊娠组（P〈0.01）。相关分析显示，两组血浆tHcy浓度与血清叶酸、VitB12浓度均呈负相关性。结论：妊娠期高血压疾病患者血浆tHcy浓度明显升高，叶酸、VitB12缺乏可能是诱发妊娠期高血压疾病患者血浆tHcy浓度升高的重要因素之一。     

Is adequate and balanced nutrition during pregnancy more effective than iron and folic acid supplements?

To provide instruction for pregnant women regarding adequate and balanced nutrition and determine whether iron and folic acid supplementation is essential. The research was an experimental clinical intervention. The study was conducted between March 2004 and May 2005 with 80 pregnant volunteers. The study participants were in their 16th to 24th weeks of pregnancy; all participants were healthy, carried only one fetus, and successfully completed their pregnancy. All participants were instructed about adequate and balanced nutrition. Until the participants gave birth, 40 (Group 1) consumed an iron-rich diet that was equivalent to the inclusion of a supplement containing 100 mg Ferro III plus 0,35 mg folic acid; the other group (Group 2) was also instructed in proper nutrition and was given by a gynecologist 1 tablet (100 mg) Ferro III hydroxide polymaltose complex and iron pharmaceutical with 0,35 mg folic acid (Maltofer Fol). In both groups, before and after the instruction, consumption frequency was noted, and the levels of serum ferritin, serum iron, total iron-binding capacity, folic acid, and vitamin B12 in the blood were determined at monthly intervals. Between the two groups, no statistical difference was found with regard to age, number of pregnancies, weight before pregnancy, body mass index (BMI) before pregnancy, and weight of the newborn (p>0,05). At the end of the study, the hemoglobin, hematocrit, and serum ferritin levels decreased considerably in both groups compared to the initial values (p<0.01). No statistically significant difference in serum ferritin levels could be found between the two groups (p>0,05). The comparison of Group I and Group II in terms of nutritional status (average energy and food consumption) in the pre-instruction and post-instruction periods revealed that intake of total protein, heme protein, dietary fiber, folic acid, carotene, vitamins A, B1, B2, B6, C, and B12, potassium, calcium, phosphorus, iron, and zinc was higher in Group I in the post-instruction period (p=0.000); no statistically significant change in nutritional status during pregnancy was observed in Group II. Conclusion: Medical diet programs with iron sources are examined in association with food consumption. Assessment of hematological results suggests that, during pregnancy, each patient should receive a specific dose, rather than a routine dose, of iron and folic acid.     

同型半胱氨酸及其代谢因子与维吾尔族妇女子痫前期的相关性研究

目的 分析维吾尔族子痫前期患者血浆总同型半胱氨酸（tHcy）及其代谢因子叶酸、维生素B12水平与子痫前期病情轻重程度的关系.方法 选择维吾尔族正常晚期妊娠者31例、子痫前期轻度33例、子痫前期重度36例,分别测定其血浆tHcy和血清叶酸、维生素B12水平.结果 血浆tHcy水平在正常对照组、子痫前期轻度组、子痫前期重度组3组之间差异有统计学意义[分别为（9±3）,（13±4）,（16±4） μmol/L]（F=29.688,P＜0.01）,且两两比较差异有统计学意义.叶酸水平3组间差异无统计学意义（F=1.176,P＞0.05）.子痫前期轻度组的维生素B12水平明显低于正常对照组和子痫前期重度组[（154±64） ng/L比（215±79）,（213 ±95） ng/L],差异有统计学意义（P＜0.01）.Pearson相关分析结果显示,3组中血浆tHcy水平与血清叶酸、维生素B12水平之间不具有相关关系（P＞0.05）;Spearman秩相关分析表明,Hcy与子痫前期病情轻重呈正相关（r=0.650,P=0.000）,叶酸、维生素B12与子痫前期病情轻重相关分析无统计学意义（r=0.089,-0.018,P=0.380,0.859）.结论 维吾尔族子痫前期患者的tHcy水平明显增高,tHcy水平与病情轻重程度有关,tHcy水平高者病情重.     

Thalassaemia, iron, and pregnancy.

Haematological values of 35 pregnant women with beta-thalassaemia trait were followed during pregnancy. The discriminant function, calculated from haematological indices, was of no value in diagnosing beta-thalassaemia trait during pregnancy. Initially patients were given iron supplements only if the serum iron and total iron binding capacity levels indicated iron deficiency, but bone marrow biopsies performed in the first 22 patients at 32 weeks indicated deficient iron stores. These patients were therefore given iron irrespective of their serum iron level. All subsequent patients with beta-thalassaemia were also put on iron routinely at booking. Retrospectively the patients were divided into two groups. Patients in group 1 (18 patients) had received iron for less than 12 weeks, and their haemoglobin levels fell significantly during pregnancy (P less than 0-001). Haemoglobin levels in 16 patients who had received iron for more than 12 weeks (group 2), however, did not fall significantly during pregnancy (P less than 0-6). It is suggested (contrary to common practice) that patients with beta-thalassaemia trait should be given iron supplements during pregnancy. Serum folate and vitamin B12 levels did not change significantly in these patients and there was no increase in the incidence of maternal or fetal complications.     

Awareness and use of folic acid, and blood folate concentrations among pregnant women in northern China--an area with a high prevalence of neural tube defects

BACKGROUND: The prevalence of neural tube defects (NTDs) in northern China remains high after 10 years since periconceptional supplementation with folic acid has been known to be effective in reducing the risk of NTDs. OBJECTIVE: The objectives of this study were to characterize folic acid awareness and use and to examine the association between folic acid supplementation with blood folate concentrations among early pregnant women in an area with a high prevalence of NTDs in northern China. SUBJECT AND METHOD: From December 2002 to February 2004, 693 early pregnant women were recruited and interviewed about folic acid awareness, knowledge and use. Four millilitres of venous blood was drawn and blood folate concentrations were measured. RESULTS: About 36% of women reported having ever heard of folic acid. Of these, 82.7% knew that folic acid can prevent NTDs, and 64.5% knew the best time to take it. Overall, 15% of women reported having ever taken folic acid. However, only 34.3% had begun to take it before the last menstrual period. Women with less education (21.1%), farmers (19.6%), rural dwellers (23.5%), and women who had a previous child (23.0%) were less likely to be aware of folic acid, and were less likely to take folic acid. Among women who had ever heard of folic acid, 37.5% took it during current pregnancy, compared with only 2.0% among those who had not. Women who were aware of folic acid were 25 times more likely to take it than women who were not. Overall, 44% of women had plasma folate deficiency, and 35% had red cell folate deficiency. Those who reported having ever taken folic acid had a lower rate of plasma folate deficiency (13.7%), compared with those who reported not taking folic acid (49.4%). The former group's mean plasma concentrations were twice as high as those of the latter group. CONCLUSION: The levels of folic acid awareness, knowledge and use among Chinese women living in a high NTD prevalence area during early pregnancy were very low and folate deficiency was quite prevalent. Campaigns aimed at increasing the awareness, knowledge, and periconceptional use of folic acid should target to less educated, parous women and women living in rural areas.     

Maternal trace elements, vitamin B12, vitamin A, folic acid, and fetal malformations

The demonstrated teratogenicity of maternal zinc deficiency in rats has led to burgeoning interest in zinc and other trace elements as important factors in embryonic development. Levels of zinc, copper, manganese, magnesium, folic acid, vitamin B12 and vitamin A were evaluated at the beginning of pregnancy in the plasma of pregnant women who later delivered a malformed newborn. Fetal chromosomal anomalies and recognizable nonchromosomal syndromes were excluded. The results were compared to control women who delivered normal babies. One hundred seventy mothers had malformed children. The more frequent congenital malformations were congenital heart diseases (72 cases including 24 VSD), musculoskeletal malformations (21 cases), urogenital malformations (23 cases), spina bifida (6 cases), hydrocephaly (6 cases), and labial cleft (14 cases). Maternal plasma concentrations of zinc, copper, magnesium, manganese, folate, vitamin B12, and vitamin A of malformed children did not differ from controls. Thus vitamin profiles do not form a suitable means for identifying women at risk for having a child with congenital malformations.     

孕晚期营养素摄入对新生儿出生体重的影响

目的探讨孕晚期营养素摄入状况对新生儿出生体重的影响。方法 1263例孕产妇及其新生儿,对其孕晚期营养摄入情况进行调查,分析孕晚期营养素摄入对新生儿出生体重的影响。结果 1263例孕妇年龄23~34岁,平均年龄(27.1±3.2)岁;孕周38~40周,平均孕周(39.3±0.5)周;分娩方式:阴道分娩1076例,剖宫产187例;共娩出1263例新生儿,均为活胎,男637例,女626例;体重2163~4118 g,平均体重(3233.8±357.0)g;未发生产科并发症及新生儿合并症;低出生体重(LBW)65例(5.15%)、正常体重(NW) 1105例(87.49%)、巨大儿(LBG) 93例(7.36%)。LBW新生儿、NW新生儿、LBG碳水化合物、脂肪、蛋白质、纤维、维生素C(VC)、铁、锌摄入量比较差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);LBW新生儿、NW新生儿、LBG总热量、维生素A(VA)、维生素B1(VB1)、叶酸、钙摄入量比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。Logistic回归分析显示:孕晚期碳水化合物、蛋白质、铁、锌摄入不足是LBW发生的危险因素,孕晚期碳水化合物、脂肪、锌摄入过多是LBG发生的危险因素。结论孕晚期碳水化合物、脂肪、蛋白质、铁、锌的摄入与新生儿体重密切相关,孕晚期应依据胎儿具体发育情况指导孕妇依据自身情况合理膳食,减少LBW及LBG的发生。     

同型半胱氨酸、维生素B12、叶酸及D-二聚体与原发性高血压相关性探讨

目的 探讨血清同型半胱氨酸、维生素B12、叶酸及D-二聚体与原发性高血压的相关性.方法 75例原发性高血压患者根据中国高血压防治指南分为高血压1级(23例)、2级(28例)、3级(24例),另选正常健康对照组30例.测定各组血清同型半胱氨酸、维生素B12、叶酸及D-二聚体水平.结果 同型半胱氨酸、D-二聚体与各级血压成...     

Nutritional anemia in reproductive age women with postadolescent acne

Abstract

Context: Postadolescent acne has been defined as the presence of acne beyond the age of 25 years. Postadolescent acne affects approximately 14% of women between the ages of 25 and 50 years. Namely, postadolescent acne usually occurs in women of reproductive age. Nutritional anemia occurs from an insufficient intake of nutrients such as iron, folate and vitamin B12. It is very common in women of reproductive age. Nutritional anemia causes irritability, apathy, fatigue, depressive symptoms and difficulty in concentration. The major etiological factor in adult acne can be increased levels of emotional stress, leading to increase in adrenal androgens. Thus, nutritional anemia may aggravate the lesions of acne by affecting the emotional status in women of reproductive age.

Objective: We aimed to investigate the relationship between postadolescent acne and nutritional anemia in this study.

Materials and methods: The study population comprised of 52 patients with postadolescent acne and 52 healthy control subjects. Hemogram, vitamin B12, folate, serum iron, ferritin and total iron-binding capacity (TIBC) were measured.

Results: No significant differences were observed between both groups in hemoglobin, vitamin B12, serum iron, ferritin and TIBC levels. Serum folate levels were significantly decreased in postadolescent acne patients (p?<?0.001). There were no significant correlations between hemoglobin, vitamin B12, folate, serum iron, ferritin and TIBC levels and acne severity.

Discussion and conclusion: We could not find any relationship between postadolescent acne and nutritional anemia in our study. However, serum folate levels were decreased in postadolescent acne patients. Prospective research studies are needed to clarify the role of nutrition in the pathophysiology of postadolescent acne. We think that nutritional interventions can be inexpensive, safe, easy to administer and generally acceptable to patients with postadolescent acne.     

Folic acid and cognition in older persons

Folic acid supplementation has drawn much attention in recent years for the prevention of Alzheimer's disease and cognitive decline. In this review, the authors describe how current evidence does not support the use of folic acid supplements to protect against cognitive decline. Although a few studies suggest that folic acid supplementation may provide neuroprotection among persons who are folate deficient, there is also data to indicate that supplementation in persons without folate deficiency may pose a risk to neurological function. Vitamin B12 deficiency is common in old age and may not be easy to recognise. Folic acid supplementation may mask the anaemia associated with vitamin B12 deficiency and, therefore, may delay treatment while allowing progression of neurological symptoms. Whether or not folic acid supplementation exacerbates neurological symptoms of vitamin B12 deficiency is not clear. Further studies are needed to determine the possible risks and benefits of folic acid supplementation in older persons.