小细胞肺癌患者外周血淋巴细胞染色体不稳定性分析

采用低叶酸、高ｐＨ的微量全血细胞培养法，观察２０例小细胞肺癌患者和２０例正常人的外周血淋巴细胞染色体不稳定性，发现实验组染色体畸变率及异常细胞率明显高于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０１），结果表明小细胞肺癌患者存在体细胞染色体不稳定性，人群中部分个体染色体不稳定性增加和癌症的易感性增加有关。     

诱导剂在肺癌患者染色体不稳定性检测中的作用

作者检测了３０例肺癌患者（包括腺癌、鳞癌、小细胞瘤各１０例）和２０例正常对照个体自发和阿糖胞苷诱发的外周血淋巴细胞染色体畸变率和脆性位点表达率。对腺癌、鳞癌和小细胞癌患者作这两种指标的比较，结果显示在自发状态下，三种类型的患者之间无显著性差异；而阿糖胞苷诱导后则表现出腺癌和其它两类癌患者之间的显著性差异。说明自发状态下，染色体的不稳定性没有得到充分体现，而诱导剂阿糖胞苷的应用起到了＂放大＂作用，使染色体不稳定性得到充分体现，差别距离拉大而易于观察判断。同时，作者对如何确定诱导剂的浓度及染色体的稳定性等问题进行了讨论。     

人肺癌染色体端粒联合的比较观察

目的 探讨人肺癌细胞染色体端粒联合异常的规律,方法 应用染色体制备法检测人肺腺癌细胞株Ａ５４９细胞、１５例肺癌患者外周血淋巴细胞的端粒联合率,并以１５例良性疾病和正常人作对照。结果 肺癌组和非癌对照组的端粒联合率存在显著差异（Ｐ〈０．００５）,人肺腺癌细胞株Ａ５４９中端粒联合率显著高于肺严组和非癌对照组（Ｐ〈０．００５）;肺癌组细胞染色体中Ｂ、Ｃ、Ｄ组的端粒联合率明显高于非癌对照组（Ｂ组Ｐ〈０．０     

桑椹对小鼠骨髓细胞诱发突变的抑制作用

本文用小鼠骨髓细胞微核试验方法和小鼠骨髓细胞染色体畸变试验方法观察了新鲜桑椹汁对环磷酰胺（ＣＰ）诱发小鼠骨髓嗜多染红细胞微核和染色体畸变的抑制作用。发现新鲜桑椹汁具有抑制环磷酰胺诱发骨髓微核率和染色体畸变率升高的作用，且有明显的剂量反应关系，相关系数分别为－０．９４和－０．９８。说明新鲜桑椹汁具有一定的抗诱变作用。     

肺癌患者外周血淋巴细胞微核、SCE和染色体畸变的研究

 本文分析观察14例肺癌患者和14例正常健康人外周血淋巴细胞的微核, SCE和染色体畸变。 结果发现肺癌患者的微核率、SCE频率和染色体畸变率均高于正常对照组。 经统计学分析表明两组之间差异显著, 认为染色体不稳定可能是肺癌发生的物质基础。     

高生存期肺癌患者外周淋巴细胞染色体及肺癌组织比较基因组杂交回顾性分析

背景与目的:肺癌染色体异常与临床反应及临床预后密切相关。通过对肺癌手术后高生存期患者外周血淋巴细胞和肺癌组织进行染色体分析,为肺癌发生发展相关基因的筛选及肺癌临床治疗奠定基础。方法:选择肺癌高生存期组术后生存5年以上的肺癌患者20例,其中鳞状细胞癌9例、腺癌6例、小细胞癌5例。肺癌对照组随机选择术后1年内患者20例,其中鳞状细胞癌8例、腺癌7例、小细胞癌5例。正常对照组选择健康志愿者20例。常规法进行以上3组患者的外周血淋巴细胞中期染色体分析。肺癌高生存组和肺癌对照组选择石蜡组织包埋块提取基因组DNA,DeVries法进行CGH分析。结果:高生存期组外周血淋巴细胞染色体畸变发生率为3.15%,显著低于肺癌对照组的10.85%(P<0.01),染色体畸变主要为染色体单体裂隙、断片、无着丝粒片段,偶见衍生染色体。CGH分析结果显示,高生存期组有6例未见任何染色体畸变发生,肺癌对照组有1例未见染色体畸变发生。高生存期组畸变染色体平均数目(2.60±1.85)显著少于肺癌对照组(5.10±2.13)。结论:染色体畸变少的肺癌患者预后好、生存期长,肺癌临床高生存期可能与染色体遗传稳定性相关。     

吸烟口腔白斑患者粘膜脱落细胞和外周血淋巴细胞DNA损伤关系的研究

目的与方法：本文对５４例口腔白斑患者进行了口腔脱落粘膜细胞核和外周血淋巴细胞微核及染色体畸变率检测。结果：吸烟的口腔白斑患者口腔脱落粘膜细胞微核细胞率和外周血淋巴细胞微核细胞率及染色体畸变率均显著高于正常人。且口腔白斑病员区的脱落粘膜细胞微核细胞率的变化与口腔白斑变程度相关,正常区膜脱落细胞微核细胞率的高低与外周血淋巴细胞微核细胞率呈正相关。结论：结果表明,口腔白斑病损区脱落粘膜细胞微核细胞率可反     

食管癌贲门癌患者淋巴细胞染色体对促癌剂PMA易感性的观察

近年来,染色体不稳定性与肿瘤发生、发展的关系是肿瘤遗传病因学研究的重要内容之一。国内已有部分作者对胃癌、食管癌、鼻咽癌患者自发和经某些致断剂诱发的染色体畸变、脆性位点进行了研究。佛波醇醛(phorbol-12-mytistate-13-acetate,PMA是一种经典的促癌因子(promoter),它对人淋巴细胞鼠上皮细胞又是有效的染色体断裂剂。为探讨促癌剂PMA诱发染色体畸变与肿癌易感性之间的关系,本文就食管、贲门癌患者淋巴细胞自发与PMA诱发染色体畸变率(CAR进行研究,其结果如下。     

培养人淋巴细胞微核测试法检测非整倍体诱变剂的研究

直接用培养人淋巴细胞微核测试系统，采取控制化学品处理培养细胞和恢复时间，对已知非整倍体诱变剂长春新碱进行微核检测，实验结果显示，在设定的微核检测程序中，阴性对照和断裂剂丝裂霉素Ｃ未诱发微核率的显著增加（Ｐ〉０．０５）而ＶＢＬ却引起ＭＮＦ显著增加（Ｐ〈０．０１）。结果揭示培养人外周血淋巴细胞微核测试法可能成为一种新的人类化学品非整倍体诱变剂的检测方法。     

蒲公英对环磷酰胺致小鼠骨髓细胞突变作用的抑制研究

目的：研究蒲公英(TM)抗突变作用和对细胞增殖的影响。方法：采用小鼠骨髓淋巴细胞有丝分裂指数试验、染色体畸变试验、微核试验,观察蒲公英水煎液对小鼠骨髓淋巴细胞的遗传损伤效应的影响。结果：①环磷酰胺(CP)单独作用时,能抑制小鼠骨髓淋巴细胞的增殖(P<0.01);与TM联合作用时,有丝分裂指数明显比阳性对照组提高(P<0.01)。②蒲公英低、中、高剂量组均能明显地抑制由于CP引起的染色体畸变率,其抑制率分别为39.62 ％、58.49 ％、54.72 ％,同时对CP诱发的微核率也有明显的抑制效应;蒲公英水煎液不会导致小鼠骨髓淋巴细胞的染色体畸变和微核率的增加(P> 0.05)。结论：蒲公英本身没有致突变性,能抑制CP诱发的染色体畸变和微核率,促进细胞的增殖能力。     

Sister chromatid exchanges (SCE), chromosomal aberrations and micronuclei of cultured peripheral lymphocytes in patients with lung cancer, miners and non-mining workers of the tin mine in Yunnan

Determination of SCE frequency, chromosomal aberration and micronucleus rate of cultured peripheral lymphocytes in 32 patients with lung cancer, 33 miners and 40 non-mining workers in Yunnan Tin Mine was carried out. The results showed that the cancer patients had higher SCE incidence, chromosomal aberration and micronucleus rate, the non-mining workers had the least and miners on an intermediate level. There was a significant difference of SCE, chromosomal aberrations and micronucleus rate between patients and non-mining workers (P less than 0.05-0.01). We also found that miners had a significant higher SCE and chromosomal aberration rate but not micronucleus rate as compared with the non-mining workers. We proposed that some carcinogens present in the Yunnan Tin Mine be responsible for the genetic damages in the miners. Chemical drugs may be considered to contribute to the genetic damage in cancer patients who had a tendency toward an increased SCE, chromosomal aberration and micronucleus rate as compared to the miners, though without reaching a statistical significance. We suggested that combination assay of SCE with chromosomal aberration or micronucleus be an useful index for screening of the high risk population and monitoring the chemical drug prevention of lung cancers in Yunnan Tin Mine.     

Chromosome instability in patients with malignant melanoma of the skin

The certainty of a strong genetic predisposition to malignant melanoma was first established over 35 years ago. Since it has been shown that constitutive chromosomal instability is significantly correlated with the familial occurrence of cancer, we have studied spontaneous micronucleus rates in fibroblast cultures from 44 melanoma patients, 44 healthy probands and 78 patients with bronchial carcinoma. Here we report a significantly (p = less than 0.0005) increased spontaneous chromosomal instability in patients with cutaneous malignant melanoma compared to healthy controls and other tumor patients (bronchial carcinoma).     

烯啶虫胺的致突变性试验

目的：研究烯啶虫胺的致突变性,为其安全生产和使用提供参考依据。方法：采用小鼠骨髓嗜多染红细胞微核试验、Ames试验、中国地鼠肺细胞（CHL）染色体畸变试验和小鼠淋巴瘤细胞L5178YTK基因突变试验检测烯啶虫胺的致突变性。结果：烯啶虫胺未引起骨髓嗜多染红细胞微核率的异常增高（P〉0.05）;在直接作用或代谢活化条件下,鼠伤寒沙门氏菌TA97、TA98、TA100、TA102各剂量组回复突变菌落数均未超过自发回变菌落数的2倍;烯啶虫胺各剂量组的CHL细胞染色体畸变率和L5178Y细胞TK基因突变频率,与阴性对照组比较,其差异均无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论：在本试验条件下,未发现烯啶虫胺有致突变性。     

茯苓对AFB1致突变的抑制作用

本文以小鼠骨髓嗜多染红细胞微核和染色体畸变为指标，检测了中药茯苓对黄曲霉毒素Ｂ１致突变作用的影响，结果表明，茯苓煎剂对显著地抑制ＡＦＢ１的致突变作用（Ｐ〈０．０５）并呈量效关系。     

农药百菌清和氯氰菊酯对蚕豆根尖细胞遗传损伤的研究

背景与目的： 研究不同浓度农药百菌清、氯氰菊酯对蚕豆根尖细胞的遗传损伤。 材料与方法： 分别用不同浓度的农药百菌清(5×10－10～5×10－4 g/L的7种浓度)、氯氰菊酯(5×10－10～5×10－4 g/L的7种浓度)处理蚕豆根后,测定蚕豆根尖细胞的微核率、有丝分裂指数和染色体畸变率。 结果： 百菌清、氯氰菊酯均能诱发较高的微核率,百菌清在5×10－10～5×10－6 g/L浓度范围内和氯氰菊酯在5×10－10～5×10－8 g/L浓度范围内,均随百菌清、氯氰菊酯处理浓度的升高而致使蚕豆根尖细胞的微核率增加(P<0.05),但高于一定浓度(在百菌清为5×10－6 g/L,在氯氰菊酯为5×10－8 g/L)后微核率反而呈下降趋势;不同浓度的百菌清和氯菊酯农药均可使蚕豆根尖细胞有丝分裂指数增大(P<0.05或P<0.01);并能诱导蚕豆根尖细胞产生较高频率的染色体畸变,且为多种类型的染色体畸变。 结论： 农药百菌清、氯氰菊酯对蚕豆根尖细胞具有明显的遗传损伤。     

The role of surgery in the management of solitary pulmonary nodule in breast cancer patients.

AIMS: To assess the role of surgery in the diagnosis and treatment of a solitary pulmonary nodule (SPN) in patients who had received previous surgery for breast cancer. METHODS: A series of 79 consecutive patients who underwent surgery for an SPN between 1990 and 2003 after a curative resection for breast cancer were reviewed. RESULTS: Surgical diagnosis was obtained by open procedure before 1996 (37 cases), and by video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) after 1996 (33 out of 42 cases, 9 open procedures) and intraoperative evaluation. Histology of SPN was primary lung cancer in 38 patients, pulmonary metastasis of breast cancer in 27, and benign condition in 14. VATS was converted to open procedure for anatomical resection in primary lung cancer and for the palpation of the lung in metastatic disease. Average disease-free interval from the initial mastectomy was significantly longer in primary lung cancer than in metastatic patients (179+/-107 vs 51+/-27 moths). Manual palpation identified multiple pulmonary nodules in 3 out of 27 metastatic patients. Five-year survival rate after pulmonary metastasectomy was 38% and was significantly influenced by disease-free interval; 5-year survival rate after resection of primary lung cancer was 43% and was significantly influenced by the pathological stage. CONCLUSIONS: VATS is a good procedure for diagnostic management of peripheral SPN. As SPN in breast cancer patients is primary lung cancer in half cases, it deserves confirmation of pathological diagnosis and appropriate surgical treatment. When breast cancer metastasis is demonstrated, open procedure must be performed to palpate the entire lung to exclude previously unknown nodules.     

肺癌患者术前纤支镜取材检测nm23蛋白的临床价值

为了探讨ｎｍ２３蛋白在肺癌早期诊断中的价值及其与肺门或纵隔淋巴结转移的关系，采用ＳＰ法对３６例肺癌和３６例肺良性疾病患者，在术前以纤支镜取材并作ｎｍ２３蛋白免疫组织化学研究。结果显示：肺癌组纤支镜刷检涂片和活检组织标本中ｎｍ２３蛋白阳性率低于肺良性疾病组（Ｐ＜０．０５），肺癌组中有肺门或纵隔淋巴结转移的病例（Ｎ１～Ｎ３），ｎｍ２３蛋白阳性率低于无淋巴结转移的病例（Ｐ＜０．０５）。结果表明术前纤支镜取材检测ｎｍ２３蛋白，对肺癌诊断及术前判断有无肺门或纵隔淋巴结转移有一定的参考价值。