Intubation with propofol augmented with intravenous lignocaine

Sixty patients of ASA grade 1 and aged 18 to 55 years were admitted to a double-blind study. Anaesthesia was induced with propofol 2.5 mg/kg after intravenous pretreatment with lignocaine 1.5 mg/kg or a similar volume of isotonic saline. The quality of subsequent tracheal intubation was graded and the pressor response to tracheal intubation assessed. There were no significant differences between treatment groups.     

510例腹腔镜联合纤维胆道镜胆总管切开取石术的临床应用

目的探讨腹腔镜联合纤维胆道镜治疗胆总管结石的可行性及临床应用价值。方法1998年～2007年对510例患者行腹腔镜胆总管切开取石(laparoscopic common duct exploration,LCDE),与同期300例开腹(opensurgery,OS)手术者比较。术前确诊者,术中直接行胆总管切开胆道镜取石;术前有黄疸史、胰腺炎史和(或)直接胆红素增高、胆系酶(AKP、GGT)增高者,或胆总管在0.8cm以上者行术中造影,明确有胆总管结石的切开胆总管胆道镜取石。405例置T管引流(留置T管组),105例行胆总管Ⅰ期缝合(I期缝合组)。结果手术均获成功,与OS组比较,手术时间、术中出血量、术后并发症发生率(胆瘘、出血)差异无统计学意义;住院日、术后镇痛药使用次数、腹腔或切口感染率、残石率明显减少。无中转开腹。30例T管引流口靠近肋弓而引起术后疼痛,2例术后2dT管才引流出胆汁。留置T管组有24例胆总管残余结石,3月后经胆道镜取石成功。留置T管组手术时间平均(110±15)min,平均术后住院8d;Ⅰ期缝合组手术时间(95±8)min,平均术后住院5d。结论LCDE是治疗胆总管结石安全、有效的方法,同样可起到创伤小、痛苦轻、恢复快、住院时间缩短等微创效果,如能在取净结石的情况下行胆总管Ⅰ期缝合,微创效果尤为明显。     

Clinical outcomes in patients with renal artery stenosis treated with stent placement with embolic protection compared with those treated with stent alone

Purpose: To compare the clinical outcomes in patients with chronic renal insufficiency (CRI) and renal artery stenosis (RAS) following renal artery (RA) stent placement with and without embolic protection device (EPD) usage. Materials and Methods: Eighteen patients who had RA stent placement with EPD were matched to control patients (RA stent only). Blood pressure, number of hypertensive medications, and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) at 3 months before the procedure and after 12 months were determined. An increase of ≥ 20% in eGFR at 12 months from baseline was defined as "improvement," decrease of ≥20% as "deterioration," and an eGFR change between those values as "stabilization" at 12 months. Results: At 12 months, stage 4 patients treated with EPD had significantly higher eGFR than controls (P = .01). There was no statistical difference in blood pressure outcomes between the 2 groups. Conclusions: Patients with stage 4 CRI did significantly better with EPD than those treated without it.     

腹腔镜与胆道镜联合取石术治疗肝内胆管结石的临床研究

目的:探讨腹腔镜联合胆道镜治疗肝内胆管结石的临床价值。方法:随机将80例肝内胆管结石患者分为2组,实验组(n=45)行腹腔镜联合胆道镜取石术,对照组(n=35)行单纯腹腔镜手术。结果:实验组45例手术均获成功,手术时间110～118 min,平均(160±15)min;术中出血量45～280 ml,平均(140±60)ml;住院6～8天,平均(7±2)天;42例结石完全取净,结石清除率93.3%,术后无一例发生胆漏、出血、脓肿等并发症。对照组手术时间130～220 min,平均(150±30)min;术中出血量80～350 ml,平均(180±75)ml;住院8～12天,平均(9±1)天;32例结石完全取净,结石清除率91.4%,术后2例发生胆漏。两组患者手术时间、术中出血量、住院时间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),结石完全取净率及并发症发生率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。术后随访所有患者3～6个月,经胆道镜复查无一例复发。结论:腹腔镜术中联合胆道镜治疗肝内胆管结石安全有效,值得推广应用。     

Variables associated with survival in patients with invasive bladder cancer with and without surgery

We recorded the survival of 141 patients assessed for radical cystectomy, which included cardiopulmonary exercise testing. The median Kaplan-Meier survival estimates were: 1540 days for the whole cohort; 2200 days after cystectomy scheduled (n = 108); and 843 days without surgery. The mortality hazard remained double that expected for a matched general population, but survival was better in patients scheduled for surgery than those who were not: the mortality hazard ratio (95%CI) after cystectomy was 0.43 (0.26–0.73) the mortality hazard without surgery, p = 0.001. The mortality hazard ratios for the three-variable Bayesian Model Averaging survival model for all 141 patients were: referral for surgery (0.5); haemoglobin concentration (0.98); and efficiency of carbon dioxide output (1.05). Efficiency of carbon dioxide output was the single variable in the postoperative model (n = 108), mortality hazard 1.08 (per unit increase). The ratio of observed to expected peak oxygen consumption associated best with mortality in 33 patients not referred for surgery, hazard ratio 0.001. Our results can inform consultations with patients with invasive bladder cancer and suggest that interventions to increase fitness and haemoglobin may improve survival in patients who do and who do not undergo radical cystectomy.     

Treatment of hypertension with valsartan combined with spironolactone

Preliminary observations were made to assess theantihypertensive efficacy and safety of treatmentwith valsartan plus spironolactone. Thirteenhypertensive patients were studied, 7 were males(54%), and 6 females (46%) with an age range from 61years to 83 years (mean: 74±7.1 years). Patients had amean daytime SBP / DBP of 164±9.2 / 99±9.5 mmHg.Echocardiography showed cardiac hypertrophy and mildcavity enlargement in all patients. After baselinemeasurements of HR, serum creatinine and electrolytes(potassium and sodium), patients received valsartan80 mg/day plus spironolactone 100 mg/day forconcomitant chronic heart failure due tohypertension. Study parameters were measured at the 30, 60, and 90 day of therapy. Mean ambulatory SBP/DBP monitoring, mean Holter heart rate, mean serumcreatinine, and mean serum electrolytes (sodium andpotassium) were recorded. These parameters did notshow statistically significant changes after 90 daysof follow up, except in one patient who had anincrease in serum potassium concentration from 4.3mmol/l to 5.8 mmol/l after 30 days of therapy. MeanBP was reduced up a maximum of 7%. No side effectwas seen in the study patients. Combination therapyvalsartan and spironolactone seemed to be aneffective and safe approach for older hypertensivepatients with mild concomitant chronic heart failure. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

可乐定透皮贴剂联合芬太尼静脉自控镇痛用于原发性高血压病人术后镇痛

目的 观察可乐定透皮贴剂联合芬太尼静脉自控镇痛(PCIA)用于原发性高血压(EH)病人术后镇痛的效果.方法 择期全麻下行腹腔镜胆囊切除术病人60例,均合并EH,依据术后镇痛方法的不同,随机均分为三组,肌注哌替啶组(P组)、芬太尼PCIA组(F组)和可乐定透皮贴剂联合芬太尼PCIA组(CF组).使用芬太尼1.0mg稀释至100ml,PCIA均采用负荷量-持续背景量-PCA量模式,背景剂量芬太尼20 μg/h,PCA追加剂量5 μg,锁定时间15 min.记录病人术后镇痛4、8、24、48 h VAS及Ramsay镇静评分,并记录不良反应和处理措施.监测入院时、术后24、48 h血浆内皮素(ET)及降钙素基因相关肽(CGRP)浓度、血糖(Glu),同时记录MAP、HR.结果 镇痛期间F、CF组VAS低于P组(P<0.01),CF组低于F组(P<0.05).Ramsay镇静评分F组高于P组(P<0.01),CF组高于F组(P<0.05),三组均无过度镇静.CF组MAP、HR术后较入院时明显降低(P<0.01),血浆ET、血浆CGRP浓度与入院时比较差异无统计学意义.术后ET、Glu浓度和MAP、HR F组低于P组,CGRP浓度高于P组(P<0.05).术后ET、Glu浓度和MAP、HR P组>F组>CF组;术后CGRP浓度:CF组>F组>P组(P<0.05).不良反应发生率三组差异无统计学意义.结论 对高血压病人,可乐定透皮贴剂增强芬太尼PCIA镇痛作用,使血流动力学更稳定.     

“Z”成形加眦韧带固定法内眦赘皮矫正术

目的解决内眦赘皮矫正术后的复发及切口瘢痕增生。方法采用传统的“Z”形切口矫正内眦赘皮的皮肤排列顺序,将新建内眦角的皮肤和眼轮匝肌固定于内眦韧带上,使新建的内眦角具有正常的解剖结构。结果自2001年8月至2004年1月,对125例内眦赘皮的患者用此方法矫治,效果满意。术后对30例患者随访1周至1年,结果内眦形态自然,无复发及瘢痕遗留。术后1周拆线时,切口瘢痕呈线状,周围肿胀,1个月时切口瘢痕较明显,3个月时切口无瘢痕。结论在内眦赘皮矫正术中,将新建内眦点的眼轮匝肌和皮肤,固定在内眦韧带上,能够使新建内眦点具有正常的解剖结构,避免内眦赘皮复发及切口瘢痕。此种方法适用于多数内眦赘皮的患者。