抑制PI3K/Akt信号转导通路提高化疗效果的实验研究

目的:探讨通过抑制PI3K/Akt信号转导通路提高抗癌药物对恶性肿瘤细胞的杀伤作用。方法:采用噻唑蓝(MTT)比色法检测塞莱昔布、顺铂及多西紫杉醇单独或联合PI3K抑制剂LY294002对人宫颈癌HeLa细胞和人乳腺癌MCF7细胞的抑制率;采用流式细胞技术检测药物单独或联合作用对HeLa细胞和MCF7细胞凋亡的影响。结果:①联合LY294002能够显著提高塞莱昔布、顺铂及多西紫杉醇对HeLa细胞和MCF7细胞抑制率(P<0.05)。②LY294002与塞莱昔布、顺铂及多西紫杉醇的协同治疗指数均小于1,具有协同治疗作用。③联合LY294002能够增加HeLa细胞和MCF7细胞的凋亡水平。结论:抑制PI3K/Akt信号转导通路能够显著提高塞莱昔布、顺铂及多西紫杉醇对HeLa细胞和MCF7细胞的杀伤作用。     

抑制PI3K/Akt通路提高HeLa细胞化疗效果的实验研究

目的探讨抑制PI3K/Akt信号转导通路提高抗癌药物对人宫颈癌HeLa细胞的杀伤作用。方法采用MTT法检测Celecoxib、DDP及Docetaxel单独或联合PI3K抑制剂LY294002对人宫颈癌HeLa细胞的抑制率;采用流式细胞技术检测药物单独或联合作用对HeLa细胞凋亡的影响。结果(1)联合LY294002能够显著提高Celecoxib、DDP及Docetaxel对HeLa细胞抑制率;(2)LY294002与Celecoxib、DDP及Docetaxel的协同治疗指数均小于1,二者起协同治疗作用;(3)联合LY294002能够增加HeLa细胞的凋亡水平。结论抑制PI3K/Akt信号转导通路能够显著提高Celecoxib、DDP及Docetaxel对HeLa细胞杀伤作用。     

抑制PI3K/Akt提高药物对HeLa细胞放射增敏作用的研究

目的通过研究抑制PI3K／Akt提高多烯紫杉醇和顺铂对HeLa细胞放射增敏作用，探讨PI3K／Akt在多烯紫杉醇和顺铂放射增敏中的机制。方法体外培养HeLa细胞，应用MTT测定多烯紫杉醇和顺铂对HeLa细胞半数抑制率（IC50）。应用药物（IC20）单独及联合LY294002作用24h后X线2、3、4、6、8Gy照射。计算细胞克隆存活分数，多靶单击模型拟合曲线并计算Dq、D0、SF2值和放射增敏比（SER）。应用western blot方法检测Akt和磷酸化Akt蛋白的表达。应用流式细胞仪检测细胞凋亡。结果多烯紫杉醇和顺铂能够明显提高放射引起的Akt磷酸化。多烯紫杉醇＋LY294002＋放射组、顺铂＋LY294002＋放射组SER（1．92、1．71）明显高于多烯紫杉醇＋放射组、顺铂＋放射组（1．41、1．37）。多烯紫杉醇＋LY294002＋放射组、顺铂＋LY294002＋放射组细胞凋亡率（12．5％、10．2％）明显高于多烯紫杉醇＋放射组、顺铂＋放射组（6．1％、5．1％）。结论P13K／Akt信号转导途径的活化是多烯紫杉醇和顺铂对HeLa细胞放射增敏作用降低的重要原因，抑制P13K／Akt能够提高多烯紫杉醇和顺铂对HeLa细胞的放射增敏作用。     

抑制P13K／Akt通路提高肺腺癌细胞化疗的效果

摘要：目的探讨PI3K／Akt信号转导通路抑制剂LY294002对肺腺癌细胞株A549及裸鼠移植瘤化疗的增敏作用。方法采用MTT法及流式细胞仪检测LY294002、紫杉醇、LY294002联合紫杉醇对A549细胞增殖及凋亡的影响；通过裸鼠移植瘤模型检测LY294002、紫杉醇、LY294002联合紫杉醇对A549细胞成瘤性的影响。结果LY294002可增强紫杉醇对A549细胞的抑制作用，并且可提高其凋亡率。裸鼠移植瘤实验显示，LY294002与紫杉醇均可抑制移植瘤的生长，联用后抑瘤率增加。结论LY294002可增强紫杉醇对A549细胞、裸鼠移植瘤的化疗的敏感性，抑制PI3K／Akt信号转导通路可提高肺腺癌化疗的效果。     

LPA经PI3K/Akt信号转导通路抑制顺铂诱导卵巢癌细胞凋亡

 目的 研究PI3K/AKT信号转导通路对LPA保护顺铂诱导的卵巢癌SKOV3细胞凋亡作用的影响。 方法 MTT法检测LPA和LY294002对DDP作用后的SKOV3细胞增殖活性的影响;Hoechst33258荧光染色 观察凋亡细胞;FCM分析细胞凋 亡率;凝胶电泳观察凋亡细胞的DNA“梯状”条带;Western blot检测LPA、LY294002对磷酸 化Akt蛋白表达的影响。 结果 LPA+LY294002+DDP组对SKOV3细胞增殖的抑制作用、凋亡小体的产生及细胞凋亡率高于 LPA+DDP组(P<0.05),而与 LY294002+DDP组差异无统计学意义, DNA片段凝胶电泳示LPA作用后不产生明显的凋亡片段, LPA和LY294002同时作用可出现DNA断裂梯形条带。Western blot结果示LPA作用后磷酸化Akt 蛋白表达升高,而LY294002作用后,磷酸化Akt蛋白表达明显下降。 结论 LPA通过激活PI3K/Akt信号转导通路抑制顺铂诱导的卵巢癌细胞的凋亡。     

PI3K/AKT特异性抑制剂LY294002对卵巢癌化疗增敏作用的研究

目的:探讨磷脂酰肌醇-3-激酶(PI3K)抑制剂LY294002对卵巢癌化疗效果的影响.方法:将LY294002单独或与顺铂、紫杉醇联合作用于卵巢癌A2780、SKOV3细胞.MTT法检测DDP、顺铂单独或联合LY294002处理后对A2780、SKOV3细胞的抑制率;采用流式细胞技术检测药物单独或联合作用对A2780和SKOV3细胞凋亡的影响;应用Western blot检测A2780和SKOV3细胞中AKT及磷酸化AKT(p-AKT)蛋白表达的变化.结果:联合应用LY294002能够显著提高DDP、paclitaxel对A2780和SKOV3细胞抑制率;LY294002与DDP、paclitaxel的协同治疗指数小于1,二者起协同治疗作用;联合LY294002能够增加A2780和SKOV3细胞的凋亡水平.LY294002干预组与对照组相比p-AKT蛋白的表达降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01).结论:LY294002能够有效提高卵巢癌A2780和SKOV3细胞对化疗药物DDP和paclitaxel的敏感性,抑制PI3K/AKT介导的信号传导通路,可明显提高卵巢癌细胞的化疗效果.     

PI3K/Akt抑制剂LY294002对大肠癌细胞化疗增敏作用的探讨

目的 探讨PI3K/Akt特异性抑制剂LY294002与化疗药物联合使用对大肠癌细胞(HCT-8)化疗效果的影响.方法 将LY294002联合化疗药物作用于大肠癌细胞系HCT-8,MTT法检测单独使用5-Fu、奥沙利铂及联合PI3K抑制剂LY294002,对体外培养的大肠癌细胞系HCT-8增殖的抑制作用,流式细胞术检测HCT-8的凋亡率.结果 联合LY294002作用后,5-Fu、奥沙利铂对大肠癌细胞系HCT-8增殖的抑制作用明显增强(P<0.05),且能提高其凋亡率(P<0.05).结论 LY294002能有效提高化疗药物5-Fu、奥沙利铂体外对HCT-8细胞抑制作用的敏感性,抑制PI3K介导的信号转导通路,可明显提高大肠癌的化疗效果.     

塞来昔布对顺铂抑制子宫颈癌HeLa细胞的增效作用

目的探讨塞来昔布与顺铂联用对抑制人类子宫颈癌HeLa细胞的增效作用及其可能机制。方法用四唑盐比色法（MTT）观察塞来昔布与顺铂单独和联用对HeLa细胞的生长抑制情况,流式细胞术（FCM）检测单用塞来昔布、顺铂以及二者联合使用时HeLa细胞的凋亡率和细胞周期变化。结果塞来昔布对子宫颈癌HeLa细胞的抑制作用呈浓度和时间依赖性。塞来昔布与顺铂联合应用后对子宫颈癌HeLa细胞的抑制作用较单独用药显著增强（P=0．000）,两者有协同或相加作用。塞来昔布（50μmol／L）及顺铂（16μmol／L）均可有效诱导HeLa细胞凋亡,联用凋亡率明显增加,细胞周期发生变化,表现为G0／G1期增加,S期减少。结论塞来昔布与顺铂联用对HeLa细胞有协同抗肿瘤效应。     

P13-K抑制剂LY294002逆转P-gP介导的白血病和胃癌细胞耐药

背景与目的：磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶／蛋白激酶B[phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase（P13-K）／proteinkinaseB（Akt）,P13-K／Aktl通路是调控细胞生存的重要信号转导通路之一。本研究旨在探讨P13-K抑制剂LY294002对P-gP过表达的人类白血病K562／DNR和胃癌SGC7901／ADR细胞多药耐药性的逆转作用。方法：将细胞分为单纯药物组和LY294002预处理组,单纯药物组分别以柔红霉素（daunorubicin,DNR）、阿霉素（adriamycin,ADR）、长春新碱（vincristine,VCR）和依托泊甙（etoposide,VP-16）处理,LY294002预处理组在加药前以LY294002进行预处理。用台盼蓝拒染法及MTT法检测药物敏感性及LY294002对细胞耐药性的影响。Westernblot检测K562／DNR和SGC7901／ADR细胞中P．gP及p-Akt的表达。流式细胞术检测细胞内药物浓度。结果：2．5μmol／LLY294002预处理显著降低DNR、ADR、VCR和VP-16对K562／DNR细胞的IC50,相对逆转效率分别为72．4％、64．9％、60．4％和52．8％。此外,LY294002部分逆转SGC7901／ADR对ADR的耐药性,相对逆转效率为31．0％。LY294002预处理可部分抑制p-Akt和P-gP的表达。随着处理时间的延长．K562／DNR、SGC7901／ADR细胞内DNR、ADR的蓄积效应有增强的趋势。结论：LY294002通过抑制P13-K／Akt信号转导通路,部分逆转P-gp介导的白血病和胃癌细胞的多药耐药。     

抑制PI3 K/ Akt 通路提高肺腺癌细胞化疗的 效果

 目的　探讨PI3 K/ Akt 信号转导通路抑制剂L Y294002 对肺腺癌细胞株A549 及裸鼠移植瘤化 疗的增敏作用。方法　采用MTT 法及流式细胞仪检测L Y294002 、紫杉醇、L Y294002 联合紫杉醇对 A549 细胞增殖及凋亡的影响;通过裸鼠移植瘤模型检测L Y294002 、紫杉醇、L Y294002 联合紫杉醇对 A549 细胞成瘤性的影响。结果　L Y294002 可增强紫杉醇对A549 细胞的抑制作用,并且可提高其凋亡 率。裸鼠移植瘤实验显示,L Y294002 与紫杉醇均可抑制移植瘤的生长,联用后抑瘤率增加。结论　 L Y294002 可增强紫杉醇对A549 细胞、裸鼠移植瘤的化疗的敏感性,抑制PI3 K/ Akt 信号转导通路可提 高肺腺癌化疗的效果。     

PI3K/Akt通路与肿瘤治疗

磷酸肌醇3激酶/蛋白激酶B (phosphoinositide 3kinase /protein kinase B,PI3K/Akt)信号通路参与很多重要生物学过程的调控，但其过度激活可导致肿瘤的发生。在正常组织中PI3K/Akt信号转导途径处于活化状态，但是该通路如果被过度激活则可通过下调肿瘤抑制蛋白p53、刺激蛋     

PDK／Akt通路与肿瘤治疗

磷酸肌醇-3激酶／蛋白激酶B（phosphoinositide 3-kinase／protein kinaseB，P13K／Akt）信号通路参与很多重要生物学过程的调控，但其过度激活可导致肿瘤的发生。在正常组织中P13K／Akt信号转导途径处于活化状态，但是该通路如果被过度激活则可通过下调肿瘤抑制蛋白p53、刺激蛋白质合成、抑制细胞凋亡等导致肿瘤细胞的无限增殖，成为肿瘤预后不好的标志，因此抑制该通路的激活有利于肿瘤治疗。目前已发现肿瘤抑制基因PTEN、PHLPP和蛋白磷酸酶2A等均可通过不同的机制抑制该通路的激活。同时，针对该通路的抑制剂作为抗肿瘤药物得到了广泛研究并在临床上取得了预期的进展，如wtPTEN的转基因研究、P13K抑制剂LY294002和渥曼青霉素、PDK-1抑制剂星孢菌素和塞来昔布、Akt抑制剂哌立福新、雷帕霉素靶蛋白（mTOR）抑制剂西罗莫司等，期望这些抑制剂能达到靶向治疗肿瘤的目的。     

PI3K/Akt signalling pathway and cancer

Phosphatidylinositol-3 kinases, PI3Ks, constitute a lipid kinase family characterized by their ability to phosphorylate inositol ring 3'-OH group in inositol phospholipids to generate the second messenger phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate (PI-3,4,5-P(3)). RPTK activation results in PI(3,4,5)P(3) and PI(3,4)P(2) production by PI3K at the inner side of the plasma membrane. Akt interacts with these phospholipids, causing its translocation to the inner membrane, where it is phosphorylated and activated by PDK1 and PDK2. Activated Akt modulates the function of numerous substrates involved in the regulation of cell survival, cell cycle progression and cellular growth. In recent years, it has been shown that PI3K/Akt signalling pathway components are frequently altered in human cancers. Cancer treatment by chemotherapy and gamma-irradiation kills target cells primarily by the induction of apoptosis. However, the development of resistance to therapy is an important clinical problem. Failure to activate the apoptotic programme represents an important mode of drug resistance in tumor cells. Survival signals induced by several receptors are mediated mainly by PI3K/Akt, hence this pathway may decisively contribute to the resistant phenotype. Many of the signalling pathways involved in cellular transformation have been elucidated and efforts are underway to develop treatment strategies that target these specific signalling molecules or their downstream effectors. The PI3K/Akt pathway is involved in many of the mechanisms targeted by these new drugs, thus a better understanding of this crossroad can help to fully exploit the potential benefits of these new agents.     

Targeting the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway--beyond rapalogs

It is well established that the PI3K pathway plays a central role in various cellular processes that can contribute to the malignant phenotype. Accordingly, pharmacological inhibition of key nodes in this signaling cascade has been a focus in developmental therapeutics. To date, agents targeting upstream receptor tyrosine kinases are best studied and have achieved greatest clinical success. Further downstream, despite efficacy in certain tumor types, the rapalogs have been somewhat disappointing in the clinic. Novel inhibitors of PI3K, Akt, and mTORC1 and 2 are now passing through early phase clinical trials. It is hoped that these agents will circumvent some of the shortcomings of the rapalogs and lead to meaningful benefits for cancer patients.     

PI3K/Akt/mTOR inhibitors in breast cancer

Activation of the phosphoinositide 3 kinase (PI3K)/Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway is common in breast cancer. There is preclinical data to support inhibition of the pathway, and phase I to III trials involving inhibitors of the pathway have been or are being conducted in solid tumors and breast cancer. Everolimus, an mTOR inhibitor, is currently approved for the treatment of hormone receptor (HR)-positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-negative breast cancer. In this review, we summarise the efficacy and toxicity findings from the randomised clinical trials, with simplified guidelines on the management of potential adverse effects. Education of healthcare professionals and patients is critical for safety and compliance. While there is some clinical evidence of activity of mTOR inhibition in HR-positive and HER2-positive breast cancers, the benefits may be more pronounced in selected subsets rather than in the overall population. Further development of predictive biomarkers will be useful in the selection of patients who will benefit from inhibition of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR (PAM) pathway.KEYWORDS : Breast cancer, phosphoinositide 3 kinase (PI3K)/Akt/ mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), everolimus     

PI3K/Akt: getting it right matters

The Akt serine/threonine kinase (also called protein kinase B) has emerged as a critical signaling molecule within eukaryotic cells. Significant progress has been made in clarifying its regulation by upstream kinases and identifying downstream mechanisms that mediate its effects in cells and contribute to signaling specificity. Here, we provide an overview of present advances in the field regarding the function of Akt in physiological and pathological cell function within a more generalized framework of Akt signal transduction. An emphasis is placed on the involvement of Akt in human diseases ranging from cancer to metabolic dysfunction and mental disease.     

PI3K/Akt and apoptosis: size matters

Recent research has examined Akt and Akt-related serine-threonine kinases in signaling cascades that regulate cell survival and are important in the pathogenesis of degenerative diseases and in cancer. We seek to recapitulate the research that has helped to define the current understanding of the role of the Akt pathway under normal and pathologic conditions, also in view of genetic models of Akt function. In particular, we will evaluate the mechanisms of Akt regulation and the role of Akt substrates in Akt-dependent biologic responses in the decisions of cell death and cell survival. Here, we hope to establish the mechanisms of apoptosis suppression by Akt kinase as a framework for a more general understanding of growth factor-dependent regulation of cell survival.     

磷脂酰肌醇3激酶-蛋白质丝氨酸苏氨酸激酶途径与肿瘤的关系

磷脂酰肌醇3激酶（PI3K）-蛋白质丝氨酸苏氨酸激酶（Akt）途径是细胞内重要的信号传导途径,在细胞增殖分化中起重要作用。PI3K-Akt途径的失调控对于多种肿瘤的发生是一种刺激信号,途径中任何激酶表达的异常都可能诱导肿瘤的发生。现综述PI3K-Akt途径中PI3K、Akt、磷脂酰肌醇依赖性蛋白激酶（PDK）、与张力蛋白同源的第10号染色体上丢失的磷酸酶基因（PTEN）在肿瘤发生发展中的作用。     

Status of PI3K/Akt/mTOR Pathway Inhibitors in Lymphoma

The phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K) pathway is well known to regulate a wide variety of essential cellular functions, including glucose metabolism, translational regulation of protein synthesis, cell proliferation, apoptosis, and survival. Aberrations in the PI3K pathway are among the most frequently observed in cancer, and include amplifications, rearrangements, mutations, and loss of regulators. As a net result of these anomalies, the PI3K pathway is activated in many malignancies, including in Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin lymphomas, and yields a competitive growth and survival advantage, increased metastatic ability, and resistance to conventional therapy. Numerous inhibitors targeting various nodes in the PI3K pathway are undergoing clinical development, and their current status in lymphoma will be the focus of this review.     

Targeting the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway in hepatocellular carcinoma

Despite recent advances in the understanding of the biologic basis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development, the clinical management of the disease remains a major challenge. Deregulation of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway, which is a prototypic survival pathway, is increasingly implicated in HCC carcinogenesis. In this article, we detailed the role of this pathway in the pathogenesis of HCC and provide an update on the preclinical and clinical development of various agents targeting this key survival/proliferation pathway, which include various PI3K inhibitors, Akt inhibitors and mTOR inhibitors for HCC. In addition, we highlighted the therapeutic potential of combination strategy for mTOR inhibitors with conventional chemotherapy, in particular, antimicrotubule agents, other molecular targeting agents, as well as radiotherapy.