微量泵支气管动脉灌注化疗治疗中晚期肺癌35例疗效评价

目的研究微量泵支气管动脉灌注化疗治疗中晚期肺癌的疗效和安全性。方法采用Seldinger法,经皮穿刺股动脉插管,选择病灶靶血管支气管动脉并连接微量泵持续靶动脉内泵入紫衫醇＋奈达铂灌注化疗。结果经治疗患者临床症状均明显改善,未见并发症。鳞癌缓解率88%,腺癌缓解率67%,腺鳞癌缓解率40%。结论中晚期肺癌患者采用微量泵持续支气管动脉灌注化疗是一项疗效好、安全可靠的治疗手段。     

进展期胃癌术前动脉灌注联合术中温热灌注化疗的疗效观察

目的探讨进展期胃癌手术前动脉灌注化疗联合术中温热灌注化疗的治疗效果。方法 48例进展期胃癌患者随机分为对照组和观察组,每组24例,对照组行单纯胃癌根治术,观察组在术前5 d进行动脉灌注化疗,术后进行温热灌注化疗,并作术后随访2 a的疗效比较。结果观察组1、2 a生存率分别为91.66%、79.17%,高于对照组的87.50%、58.30%（P均〈0.05）;观察组1、2 a复发、转移率分别为16.67%、20.83%,对照组为20.83%、41.67%（P均〈0.05）;不良反应两组比较无统计学差异（P〉0.05）。结论进展期胃癌手术术前动脉灌注联合腹腔温热灌注化疗可以提高近期疗效。     

内镜超声下植入化疗粒子治疗进展期胃癌的临床研究

目的 探讨超声内镜引导下5-FU化疗粒子植入治疗进展期胃癌的临床价值.方法 选择进展期胃癌病灶伴流出道梗阻的病例,在超声胃镜引导下进行多点植入5-FU化疗粒子45～60粒,平均注射5-FU化疗粒子100 mg,并进行治疗前后的病灶三维扫描.结果 23例患者共施行粒子植入治疗33次.内镜观察标准完全缓解1例,部分缓解15例,稳定6例,恶化1例.临床上缓解不全梗阻显著有效6例,明显有效7例,有效9例,无效2例,总有效率91.4%.结论 超声内镜引导下5-FU化疗粒子植入治疗进展期胃癌安全、可靠,并发症少.超声内镜三维扫描对化疗疗效的判断可作为一种新的评价方法.     

奥沙利铂联合喜树碱治疗老年胃癌32例

临床上大多数胃癌患者就诊时已属进展期,往往不能手术或手术效果不理想,化疗是其重要的治疗方法.含氟尿嘧啶(5-FU)的联合方案是胃癌的标准治疗方案,而其不良反应是化疗的限制性因素,影响患者的生活质量,尤其对一般情况欠佳的老年进展期胃癌患者.因此探索针对老年进展期胃癌患者安全有效的联合化疗方案显得十分必要.本研究采用HCPTOX方案和FOLFOX4方案治疗60例老年进展期胃癌,观察和比较两方案的近期疗效和毒副反应.     

进展期胃癌微泵化疗18例临床疗效观察

目的 观察微泵化疗治疗进展期胃癌的疗效，探讨进展期胃癌的最佳化疗方法。方法 共38例，其中18例在术前和术后作微泵化疗，17例常规化疗FM或FAM方案，对比它们的疗效和副反应。结果 微泵治疗组，1．5年生存率达83．3％，而常规化疗组仅29．4%，且微泵治疗组不良反应明显比常规化疗组少，生存期明显延长。结论 对进展期胃癌微泵化疗，应该是首选治疗方案，且副作用少，疗效好。     

胃动脉插管化疗栓塞联合腹腔化疗治疗进展期胃癌

目的不少胃癌患者就诊时已属晚期或因有手术禁忌不宜手术治疗，为进一步探讨该类患者的合理治疗方法，探讨晚期进展期胃癌动脉化疗栓塞并腹腔化疗双途径给药的可行性及临床疗效，对1990／1996住院的98例胃癌患者进行了临床观察．方法98例胃癌患者依性别、年龄、病理类型、临床分期随机分为三组，A组行胃动脉化疗栓塞合并腹腔化疗；B组行腹腔化疗；C组行静脉化疗其中胃动脉栓塞组行内镜随访胃粘膜变化．结果A，B，C三组有效率分别为71．88％，38．7％，14．3％．中位生存期分别为回6，10，8mo．A组与B，C组有明显差异（P＜0．01）．不良反应以胃肠道毒性、骨髓抑制为主内镜检查发现A组术后2wk内胃粘膜有损伤，2wk后开始修复，4wk后可恢复正常．结论胃动脉化疗栓塞并腹腔化疗双途径给药是治疗晚期进展期胃癌的有效方法．     

胃癌的内科治疗进展

胃癌在世界范围内发病率男性占第二位,女性占第三位,我国早期胃癌占其手术治疗总数平均仅占10%左右,四分之三患者就诊时已属进展期胃癌,其术后5年生存率仅30%～40%左右.对失去手术切除机会、术后复发或转移患者应选择以下内科治疗①化疗化疗取得一些新进展,主要有术前、术中、术后化疗、腹腔化疗、腹腔温热低渗灌注化疗、腹腔免疫化疗、腹腔动脉插管化疗和超选择胃左、胃右、胃十二指肠动脉插管及栓塞化疗.静脉化疗EAP报道有效率可达52%.②放疗胃癌对放疗不甚敏感,尤其是印戒细胞癌和粘液腺癌,不过,未分化、低分化、管状腺癌和乳头状腺癌还是有一定的敏感性.放疗包括术前、术中、术后放疗,主要采用钴或直线加速器产生γ射线进行外照射,多提倡术前及术中放疗.③生物治疗代表性的有单细胞因子和多细胞因子疗法,IL-2/LAK疗法、TIL/IL-2疗法、单细胞抗体导向抗胃癌疗法、胃癌疫苗、主动性特异性免疫疗法及基因治疗.作者率先在国内(1991年)采用CDDP+TNFα腹腔内免疫化疗78例胃癌术后伴腹水患者,对腹水有效率为78.3%.④营养治疗胃癌患者营养不良,是造成患者死亡的主要原因之一,蛋白质是决定其存活的关键,静脉高营养及胃肠内营养支持可改善其生活质量.⑤中西医结合治疗作者等采用化疗与中药扶正抗癌冲剂治疗Ⅲ～Ⅳ期368例胃癌患者,术后五年生存率达73.8%,中位生存期为54.8mo±3.18mo,明显高于单纯化疗.通过中西医结合达到治疗胃癌的最佳疗效.     

FOLFIRI方案用于晚期胃腺癌二线化疗的疗效

以化疗为主的综合治疗能明显提高晚期胃癌患者的生活质量,延长生存期〔1〕。目前晚期胃癌的治疗仍缺乏标准的化疗方案,尤其一线治疗失败后二线治疗的选择更是难点。研究表明伊立替康联合持续静点5-氟尿嘧啶(5-FU)(即FOLFIRI方案)在晚期胃腺癌治疗中无论作为一线还是二线治疗,均有一定疗效〔2～4〕。本文就FOLFIRI方案作为二线化疗方案对晚期胃腺癌患者的疗效进行了观察。     

老年胃癌术后腹腔热灌注化疗的临床疗效

目的研究老年胃癌术后早期腹腔热灌注化疗的可行性、安全性及疗效。方法选择规范胃癌根治术后的老年胃癌患者168例,随机分为腹腔内热灌注化疗组(5-FU+奥沙利铂)和全身化疗组(5-FU+奥沙利铂),比较两组的术后并发症、不良反应、生存率、复发率和转移率。结果两组术后并发症发生率无显著性差异。两组不良反应分度及严重毒副反应比较无显著性差异。两组生存率比较有显著性差异(P0.05)。两组局部复发率、远处转移率比较有显著性差异(P0.05)。结论老年胃癌术后早期腹腔持续温热灌注化疗可减少局部复发率和远处转移率,提高生存率;有利于胃癌术后腹腔内较小的残余癌或游离癌细胞的杀灭。     

5-FU静脉泵持续点滴配合腹腔灌注治疗晚期胃肠道肿瘤53例疗效观察

2001年1月～2003年10月，我科采用5-FU静脉泵持续点滴联合化疗配合腹腔灌注治疗晚期胃肠道肿瘤，取得良好疗效。现报告如下。     

Gastric infarction

This report describes a case of massive gastric hemorrhage, initially controlled by selective arterial vasopressin infusion. Infusion was followed by extensive necrosis of the gastric wall which necessitated subtotal gastrectomy. Gastric necrosis following arterial infusion is rare and in this case appears to be due to migration of the infusion catheter into a peripheral branch of the left gastric artery in a patient whose gastric circulation had been compromised by prior surgery. The complications related to the use of arterial infusion for the control of gastric hemorrhage are discussed and the literature is reviewed.     

Arterial chemotherapy of 5—fluorouracil and mitomycin Cin the treatment of liver metastases of colorectal cancer

AIM：Regional chemotherapy using hepatic artery catheters is a good method of treating patients with colorectal cancer liver metastases.We investigated the survival of patients with liver metastases from colorectal cancer using 5-fluorouracil(5-FU)and mitomycin C Cthrough implantable hepatic arterial infusion port.METHODS:Seventy-five patents with inoperable liver metastases forom colorectal cancer were included between March,1992 and November,2001,We placed implantable hepatic arterial cathter(HAC)port by laparotomy,5-FU,1000mg/m^2/d continuors infusion for five days every four weeks,was delivered in the hepatic arterial catheter through the port.Mitomycin C,30mg/m^2/d infusion in the first day every cycel through the port.Response to the treatment was evaluated by serial determinations of plasma CEAand imaping techniques consisting of computerized tomography and sonography of liver.RESULTS:Sixty-eight were performed hepatic artery chemotherapy and fifty-six were followed up among seventy-five HAC patients.Twenty-six patients(46.4%)have responded and4complete remission were achieved.Eight patients(14.3%)had stable liver metastases.Twenty-two patients(39.3%)were progressed with increased tumor size and number.Twenty-nine patients(51.8%)had a decreased serum CEAlevel.while10patients(17.9%) were stable and 17patients(30.4%)had an increased serum CEAlevel.There were no operative death in this serise.Complications,which occurred in 18patients(32.1%),were as followed:hepatic artery thrombosis in11,Upper gastric and intestinal bleeding in3,liver abscess in1,pocket infection in1,cholangitis in1,and hepatic artery pseudo-aneurysm in one patient.CONCLUSION:Combined infusion of 5-FU and mitomycin C by hepatic artery catheter port is an effective treatment for liver metastases from colorectal cancer.The high response and lower complication rater prove the adjuvant treatment of colorectal cancer with this treatment.     

Heparinized catheters for long-term intraarterial infusion of 5-fluorouracil in liver metastases.

A heparinized catheter was used for the regional infusion of 5-fluorouracil in seven patients with liver metastases. The hepatic artery was catheterized from the left brachial artery. The period of treatment varied from one to 13 weeks. Pull-out angiograms, obtained after eight catheterizations, revealed complete occlusion of the brachial artery in five and partial occlusion in three, although no patient had ischemic symptoms in the hand. Thus, heparinization of the catheter did not prevent thrombosis during long-term infusion therapy.     

Basal NO locally modulates human iliac artery function in vivo

We demonstrated previously that endogenous NO influences large-artery distensibility in the ovine hindlimb. However, the role of basal NO in larger human conduit arteries is controversial. The aim of this study was to investigate whether basal production of NO, acting locally, influences iliac artery distensibility in humans. Distensibility was assessed by intra-arterial measurement of the pulse wave velocity. Eighteen subjects, free of significant coronary or iliac artery disease, were studied after diagnostic cardiac catheterization. Simultaneous pressure waveforms were recorded with a high-fidelity dual-pressure sensing catheter, placed in the common iliac artery during intra-arterial infusion of saline (baseline), glyceryl trinitrate (4 nmol/min), or NG-monomethyl-L-arginine (8 and 16 micromol/min). Drugs were infused proximally, via the catheter to perfuse the segment of artery under study, or distally, via the sheath, to control for any reflex changes in flow or sympathetic activation. Velocity was calculated using the foot-to-foot methodology. Six subjects received glyceryl trinitrate and 12 NG-monomethyl-L-arginine. There was no change in velocity after infusion of glyceryl trinitrate or NG-monomethyl-L-arginine via the sheath. However, infusion of glyceryl trinitrate via the catheter significantly reduced velocity by 31.43+/-5.80% (mean+/-SEM; P<0.01; P=0.02 for comparison). Likewise, infusion of the highest dose of NG-monomethyl-L-arginine via the catheter significantly increased velocity by 27.25+/-8.20% (P=0.001; P=0.02 for comparison). Importantly, there was no change in mean arterial blood pressure throughout the studies. These data indicate that under resting conditions, local NO production modulates human iliac artery distensibility and that exogenous NO increases arterial distensibility.     

Dysfunction of a port-catheter system percutaneously implanted for hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy due to a fibrin sheath

Catheter-related difficulties occurred with a port-catheter system percutaneously implanted by the fixed catheter tip technique for repeated hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy (HAIC) for unresectable metastatic liver cancer. A side hole in the indwelling catheter opened into the common hepatic artery. Four years and 3 months later, an occluded hepatic artery was diagnosed by arteriography with contrast medium infused via the port. Conversely, celiac arteriography performed from a catheter newly inserted from the femoral artery showed no such occlusion. A new port-catheter system replaced the original one to continue HAIC. Examination revealed a fibrin sheath covering the withdrawn catheter.     

A prospective evaluation of intracoronary ethanol ablation of the atrioventricular conduction system

The clinical efficacy and complications associated with ablation of the atrioventricular (AV) conduction system by the selective infusion of ethanol into the AV node artery were prospectively assessed in 12 consecutive patients with medically refractory atrial arrhythmias. Six of the patients had previously failed to have permanent complete AV block created with direct current or radiofrequency catheter ablation. The AV node artery was cannulated with a 0.016 in. (0.041 cm) guide wire in all 12 patients. It was also possible to advance a 2.7F infusion catheter into the AV node artery in all patients. Transient AV block was induced by selective injections into the AV node artery of iced saline solution (8 patients) and of radiographic contrast agent (ioxaglate) (10 patients). The infusion of 2 ml of ethanol (96%) induced immediate complete AV block in all 10 patients who demonstrated AV block with ioxaglate. The escape rhythm exhibited a narrow QRS complex preceded by a His bundle deflection in nine patients and left bundle branch block in one patient. The immediate mean rate of the escape rhythm was 45.3 +/- 13.4 beats/min. In two patients who demonstrated reflux of contrast agent into the distal right coronary artery with selective injections into the AV node artery, transient ST segment elevation developed in the inferior electrocardiographic leads with the infusion of ethanol. There was no change in the left ventricular ejection fraction from the baseline value (0.53 +/- 0.12) to that measured after ablation (0.55 +/- 0.11) and no patient developed wall motion abnormalities.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Pulse-spray thrombolysis in acute myocardial infarction caused by thrombotic occlusion of an ectatic coronary artery.

Pulse-spray thrombolysis was performed in 2 patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) caused by thrombotic occlusion of coronary artery ectasia. Case 1, a 66-year-old woman with an inferior AMI underwent emergency coronary arteriography, which revealed occlusion of an ectatic right coronary artery. Primary balloon angioplasty failed to reestablish distal flow. Urokinase was administered through the pulse-spray infusion catheter (UltraFuse) and intravenous recombinant tissue plasminogen activator was also administered. Angiographic disappearance of the thrombus was observed within 30 min of starting the infusion, and there was only mild irregularity in the ectatic coronary artery. Case 2, a 45-year-old man with an inferior AMI underwent emergency coronary arteriography, which revealed occlusion of an ectatic right coronary artery. TIMI-3 flow was soon obtained after administration of 480,000 units of urokinase through the pulse-spray infusion catheter. There was diffuse right coronary ectasia without angiographic evidence of coronary stenosis. Coronary ectasia sometimes develops into AMI without the coexistence of coronary stenosis. Because a massive thrombus plays a major role, pulse-spray thrombolysis is a possible treatment in coronary artery ectasia with thrombotic occlusion.     

Use of monorail PTCA balloon catheter for local drug delivery

We report the use of monorail coronary balloon as an infusion catheter to give bailout abciximab selectively into the site of stent thrombosis as an adjunct to plain old balloon angioplasty (POBA) in a patient of subacute stent thrombosis of the left anterior descending coronary artery. The balloon component (polyamide material) of the monorail balloon catheter was shaved off the catheter so that abciximab injected through the balloon port of the catheter exited out the shaft of the balloon catheter at the site from where the balloon material was shaved off. We believe that selective infusion with abciximab along with POBA established antegrade flow and relieved the patient's ischemia. In the absence of essential hardware to give intracoronary drugs in an emergency situation, one may employ our technique of infusion through a monorail balloon catheter after shaving the balloon component from the catheter.     

Absence of hepatic extraction of gastric inhibitory polypeptide in conscious dogs

Fractional hepatic extraction of gastric inhibitory polypeptide was examined in conscious unrestrained dogs with catheters in the portal vein, hepatic vein, and the carotid artery and Doppler flow probes on the portal vein and hepatic artery. Following a control period, endogenous gastric inhibitory polypeptide was stimulated by oral administration of glucose with and without prior infusion of atropine. In other experiments, gastric inhibitory polypeptide (20 ng/kg/min) was infused into the portal system in association with peripheral infusion of glucose. In none of these experiments was it possible to demonstrate any significant fractional hepatic extraction of gastric inhibitory polypeptide.This work was supported by USPHS grant AM 25253 and the Diabetes and Endocrinology Research Center grant AM 27685 Baylor College of Medicine, and The Clinical Research Center Core Laboratory (NIH, GCRC, RR-34) of the Ohio State University Hospital.     

Transbrachial hepatic arterial chemotherapy using an implanted infusion pump

Two patients with hepatic metastases from colonic cancer were treated with hepatic arterial FUDR using an innovative drug infusion system. The two patients reported underwent transbrachial hepatic artery catheterization with a 5 French polyethylene catheter. This catheter was amputated just distal to its exit from the brachial artery and attached to a totally implantable, percutaneously refillable drug infusion pump placed in the infraclavicular position. The patients received FUDR at flow rates of 3–4 ml/day. The pumps were refilled weekly by percutaneous injection. One patient was treated for seven weeks, and another for ten weeks without technical difficulties. This innovative approach offers marked improvement in comfort and convenience for patients who are candidates for long-term hepatic artery chemotherapy, and avoids the morbidity of laparotomy for direct hepatic arterial catheterization.