氯已定预处理对两步法自酸蚀粘接剂牙本质粘接界面稳定性的影响

目的：探讨氯已定预处理对两步法自酸蚀粘接剂的牙本质粘接界面稳定性的影响.方法：40颗离体人磨牙沿垂直于牙长轴的方向切割,暴露冠中部牙本质作为粘接面,牙本质试件随机分为两组,一组在粘接处理前涂布0.2％氯已定为实验组,一组无预处理为对照组,两组经两步法自酸蚀粘接剂SE Bond处理后,堆积复合树脂制备成粘接试件.每组随机抽取2个试件借助微拉曼光谱仪分析粘接剂的双键转化率,剩余的18个试件随机分为两个亚组,分别于即刻和冷热循环5000次后检测微拉伸粘接强度和界面的纳米渗漏情况.结果：0.2％氯已定预处理对SE Bond的树脂双键转化率无显著性影响（P＞0.05）.即刻测试时,对照组和实验组间的微拉伸粘接强度和纳米渗漏差异无统计学意义（PP ＞0.05）.冷热循环老化处理后,实验组的微拉伸粘接强度显著高于对照组,纳米渗漏程度显著低于对照组（P＜0.05）.结论：0.2％氯已定预处理不会干扰SE Bond的树脂聚合,且可提高其与牙本质粘接界面的稳定性.     

单瓶型通用粘接剂在牙本质粘接中的应用评价

［摘要］ 目的 评价2种单瓶型通用粘接剂在自酸蚀模式下应用与牙本质的粘接强度以及纳米渗漏情况。方法 制作40枚牙本质样本,分别使用Singlebond Universal和All-Bond Universal 2种单瓶型通用粘接剂在自酸蚀模式下处理牙本质表面,与复合树脂粘接制作粘接试件。各组粘接试件一半于24 h水储后（未老化）切割成细条,测试微拉伸粘接强度,另一半经受10 000次冷热循环后（老化）测试微拉伸粘接强度。数据以单因素方差分析和Tukey多重比较进行检验分析。各组代表性试件处理后以扫描电镜观察粘接界面,检测纳米渗漏情况。结果 不论是否经过老化,2种粘接剂组均获得了较高的粘接强度值,但扫描电镜均能发现纳米渗漏存在。结论 两种单瓶型通用粘接剂在自酸蚀模式下应用均能提供较好的粘接性能,但无法避免纳米渗漏的发生。     

2%氯己定对牙本质自酸蚀粘接强度影响的初步研究

目的采用微拉伸方法检测基质金属蛋白酶抑制剂（2％氯己定）是否影响牙本质自酸蚀粘接的粘接强度。方法将8颗新鲜拔除的人下颌第三磨牙去除冠部釉质,暴露中层牙本质,随机分成两组,对照组用Clearfil SE Bond粘接剂粘接,实验组粘接前用2％氯己定处理粘接面牙本质,硬组织切片机切成1mm×1mm×8mm的微拉伸试件40个,测试两组即刻和水储存6个月时的微拉伸强度,并对断裂样本进行电镜观察。结果对照组和实验组的即刻微拉伸强度分别为40．56±2．78Mpa、41．20±2．66Mpa,两组即刻粘接强度无统计学差异（P〉0．05）;6个月时微拉伸强度实验组高于对照组（P〈0．05）。结论2％氯己定对牙本质自酸蚀粘接的即刻粘接强度没有影响;经过6个月储存后,能够减缓粘接强度的下降。     

2种自制牙本质粘接剂的微拉伸粘接强度和耐久性能的实验研究

目的 测试自行研制的自酸蚀及全酸蚀粘接剂的微拉伸粘接强度和耐久性能,并与市售的进口同类产品进行对比.方法 选用正畸拔除前磨牙60颗,随机分成4组,每组分循环前、后各2个亚组,各15个试件,分别为自制的自酸蚀粘接剂(44组)和全酸蚀粘接剂(45组),Easy one(EO组)和Single Bond2(SB组).测试各组冷热循环前后的微拉伸粘接强度变化,并进行统计分析,体视显微镜观察断裂模式.结果 冷热循环前,各组微拉伸粘接强度从大到小分别为SB组(35.05±3.01)Mpa＞44组(27.76±1.44)Mpa＞ 45组(27.65±1.67)Mpa＞EO组(26.03±2.15)Mpa,45组和SB组之间及44组和EO组之间微拉伸粘接强度的差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).冷热循环后,各组从大到小为SB组＞44组＞EO组＞45组,45组和SB组之间及44组和EO组之间微拉伸粘接强度的差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).同一粘接剂冷热循环前后相比,粘接强度均呈下降趋势(P＜0.05);试件的断裂面类型以混合型断裂为主.结论 自制牙本质粘接剂和市售的进口同类产品相比,自酸蚀粘接剂粘接强度高且耐久性能好,全酸蚀粘接剂则与之相反.冷热循环后各组粘接剂的微拉伸粘接强度均有下降.     

负载氯己定的埃洛石纳米管对牙本质粘结强度的影响

目的: 探讨将负载氯己定的埃洛石纳米管掺入全酸蚀粘接剂ONE-STEP及自酸蚀粘接剂XENO Ⅴ后对牙本质粘结强度的影响。方法: 将120颗离体牙分为10组,根据粘接剂XE、OS以及掺入负载氯己定（chlorhexidine,CHX）的埃洛石纳米管（halloysite nanotube,HNT）质量体积比5%、10%、15%分组, 分别为XE对照组（A1组）、XE实验对照组（A2组）、5%CHX/HNT-XE组（A3组）、10%CHX/HNT-XE组（A4组）、15%CHX/HNT-XE组（A5组）、OS对照组（B1组）、OS实验对照组（B2组）、5%CHX/HNT-OS组（B3组）、10%CHX/HNT-OS组（B4组）和15%CHX/HNT-OS组（B5组）。树脂充填24 h后,测试拉伸剪切强度（tensile shear strength,TSS）值。电镜扫描,观察粘结界面嵌合层的形态。采用SPSS 19.0软件包对同一粘接剂各组以单因素方差分析TSS值,不同粘接剂及不同质量比各组以双因素方差分析TSS值。结果: 自酸蚀XE多组中,5%CHX/HNT组的TSS值最高;全酸蚀OS组中,10%CHX/HNT组的TSS值最高（P<0.05）。不同品牌粘接剂对TSS无显著影响,而CHX/HNT质量体积比对TSS有显著影响。结论: 将适合浓度的CHX/HNT掺入自酸蚀粘接剂XENO Ⅴ和全酸蚀粘接剂ONE-STEP中,可增加牙本质粘结强度。     

自酸蚀粘结系统及唾液污染分别对窝沟封闭剂微拉伸粘结强度的影响

目的 评价Clearfil S3 Bond自酸蚀粘结系统和唾液污染对窝沟封闭剂拉伸粘结强度的影响.方法 15颗离体前磨牙,随机分为3组,每组5颗.A、B组分别经35%磷酸酸蚀、Clearfil S3 Bond自酸蚀处理,C组35%磷酸酸蚀后唾液污染,3组均用Estiseal F窝沟封闭剂分层固化堆积形成5 mm高封闭剂小柱.再将样本切成1 mm×1 mm×10 mm大小的试件,微拉伸仪检测其拉伸粘结强度.结果 使用自酸蚀粘结系统与常规磷酸酸蚀组的微拉伸粘结强度无显著区别(P＞0.05),而唾液污染组显著低于常规磷酸酸蚀组的微拉伸粘结强度(P＜0.05).结论 临床操作过程中应严格避免唾液污染,而关于自酸蚀粘结剂对封闭剂与牙釉质的微拉伸粘结强度的影响需进一步研究.     

脱矿牙本质与四种粘接剂的粘接强度测试及粘接界面观察

目的比较脱矿牙本质与4种全酸蚀或自酸蚀粘接剂的粘接强度及粘接界面超微结构的差异,以期对临床治疗有所指导。方法选择20颗面龋坏的离体磨牙,在龋显示剂的指示下去除牙本质龋的感染层,保留脱矿牙本质。平齐龋洞洞底平面,去除冠向牙体组织,作为粘接面。选择临床常用的2种全酸蚀粘接剂:材料A(All Bond2)、材料B(Prime&BondNT)和2种自酸蚀粘接剂:材料C(ClearfilSEBond)、材料D(XenoⅢ),分别按说明书要求粘接。用慢速锯将样本牙切为粘接面积约0.9mm×0.9mm的长方体试件。体视显微镜下将试件分为正常牙本质组和脱矿牙本质组,用微拉伸测试仪检测粘接强度。扫描电镜观察各组试件粘接界面的超微形态。结果方差分析提示牙本质类型和粘接剂对微拉伸粘接强度的影响均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。对正常牙本质,不同粘接剂的微拉伸粘接强度差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);对于脱矿牙本质,材料D的微拉伸粘接强度较其他粘接剂明显降低(P<0.05)。扫描电镜下观察脱矿牙本质的混合层多孔稀疏,树脂突短少,无侧枝形成。结论对脱矿牙本质,本项实验中全酸蚀粘接剂的粘接强度优于自酸蚀粘接剂。     

10-MDP-钙盐形成对牙本质粘接成绩影响的评价

目的　分析10-MDP-钙盐形成对牙本质粘接成绩的影响。方法　采用酸蚀冲洗粘接模式，根据牙本质表面的处理方式和选择粘接剂的不同将牙齿随机分为以下4组（n=5）进行处理，制作牙本质/树脂粘接试件：①对照组，直接使用全酸蚀粘接剂Single bond 2(SB2)处理后粘接；②10-MDP组，使用SB2处理进行粘接前，牙本质表面以含有磷酸酯单体10-MDP的自配底涂剂预处理；③CHX组，使用SB2处理进行粘接前，先以氯己定（CHX）预处理牙本质表面;④SBU组，使用包含10-MDP的通用型粘接剂Single bond universal(SBU)处理后进行粘接。通过微拉伸测试（μTBS）测试粘接强度，以X射线衍射(XRD)、原位酶谱测试表征自配10-MDP底涂剂和两种牙本质粘接剂处理的牙本质表面，分析10-MDP-钙盐形成对牙本质粘接成绩的影响。结果　微拉伸结果显示，不同处理方式的粘接试件在24 h水储后没有表现出明显的统计学差异(P>0.1)；经过6个月的水储后，与10-MDP组和SBU组相比，对照组的微拉伸强度显著降低(P<0.05)，而CHX组的微拉伸强度没有明显变化(P>0.05)。XRD结果显示,在10-MDP组和SBU组均检测到10-MDP-钙盐形成的特征性峰，表明有10-MDP-钙盐的形成。原位酶谱结果显示，10-MDP组与SBU组之间混合层荧光强度没有明显区别，但均明显高于对照组，CHX组荧光强度低于10-MDP组与SBU组。结论　10-MDP-钙盐的形成能够保护暴露的胶原纤维不接触到MMPs而免于水解，从而增强牙本质/树脂的粘接成绩。     

冷热循环对牙本质粘结系统与牙釉质粘结强度的影响

目的评价冷热循环对牙本质粘结系统与牙釉质粘结强度的影响。方法选取人离体下颌第三磨牙20颗,使用600目砂纸打磨颊面釉质,分别使用全酸蚀粘结系统AdperTM Single Bond2（SB2）、两步法自酸蚀粘结系统Clearfil SE Bond（CSE）、一步法自酸蚀粘结系统ClearfilS3Bond（CS3）和iBondGI（IB）进行粘结。实验组冷热循环3000次后测定微拉伸粘结强度,对照组不做冷热循环处理直接测试。结果实验组冷热循环后,各粘结系统粘结强度均有所下降,但与对照组相比,仅IB有显著性差异（P〈0.05）。对照组中SB2和CSE的粘结强度相近,明显高于CS3和IB。结论不同牙本质粘结系统与牙釉质的粘结强度存在差异。冷热循环3000次可导致一步法自酸蚀粘结系统IB与牙釉质粘结强度显著性下降。     

酸蚀时间对再矿化牙本质粘结强度影响的研究

目的选取全酸蚀和自酸蚀粘结剂,比较再矿化牙本质在不同酸蚀时间下的粘结强度,为临床上更恰当掌握酸蚀时间提供一定的理论指导。方法选择40颗牙合面慢性龋病达牙本质中层的磨牙,去除病变累及的软化牙本质,保留再矿化牙本质。平行于牙体长轴将牙齿切为3份,分别用35%Gluma酸蚀剂(或处理剂)酸蚀20、40、60 s。选用全酸蚀和自酸蚀牙本质粘结剂分别用于牙本质,树脂恢复牙冠。用低速锯将牙齿片切成横截面积约为1 mm2的长方体状样本,所有样本先在体视显微镜下观察,区分正常牙本质和再矿化牙本质,用微拉伸测试仪检测其粘结强度。结果再矿化牙本质其40 s组的微拉伸强度高于20 s组及60 s组(P<0.05),而60 s组与20 s则无显著差异(P>0.05)。结论酸蚀时间对再矿化牙本质的粘结强度有影响,对再矿化牙本质的酸蚀时间应适当延长。     

EDTA预处理硬化牙本质对树脂粘结强度的影响

目的：采用微拉伸试验比较EDTA（Ethylene Diamine Tetraacetie Acid,乙二胺四乙酸）预处理硬化牙本质前后的离体牙树脂粘结强度。方法：选择24颗具有典型楔状缺损的离体牙,12颗离体牙的楔状缺损处为Ⅲ级以上硬化牙本质,其余12颗为正常牙本质。以平分楔状缺损为标准对离体牙进行纵剖,随机分为硬化牙本质对照组A与实验组B;正常牙本质对照组C与实验组D。实验组均使用EDTA（Glyde File Prep EDTA）预处理牙本质表面,再行自酸蚀树脂粘结。测定4组样本的微拉伸粘结强度。结果：微拉伸实验显示测得A、B、C、D,4组样本的微拉伸强度分别为（9.49±2.23）MPa、（10.50±2.16）MPa、（10.89±4.76）MPa、（10.99±5.21）MPa。实验组B的粘结强度显著高于对照组A,有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;而实验组D的粘结强度略高于对照组C,但无统计学意义。结论：利用EDTA预处理能提高硬化牙本质的自酸蚀树脂粘结强度,但对正常牙本质无明显作用。     

五种牙本质粘结系统微拉伸强度的比较

目的比较不同类型自酸蚀牙本质粘结系统的粘结强度,为临床应用提供参考。方法选择4种自酸蚀粘结系统Clearfil S3Bond,i Bond,Clearfil SE Bond,XenoⅢ,1种全酸蚀粘结系统Single Bond2,用微拉伸法测试这些粘结系统的粘结强度并进行比较。结果全酸蚀粘结剂Single Bond2的微拉伸强度最高,与自酸蚀粘结剂粘结强度有显著差异（P〈0.05）。自酸蚀粘结剂i Bond,S3Bond,XenoⅢ两两之间粘结强度无显著差异（P〉0.05）。SE Bond的粘结强度显著高于i Bond,S3Bond和XenoⅢ（P〈0.05）。结论第五代牙本质粘结剂具有较强的粘结强度,但第七代牙本质粘结剂临床操作更为方便。     

Influence of matrix metalloproteinase synthetic inhibitors on dentin microtensile bond strength of resin cements

This study evaluated the effect of dentin pretreatment with 2% chlorhexidine (CHX) or 24% ethylenediamine tetra-acetic acid gel (EDTA) on the dentin microtensile bond strength (μTBS) of resin cements. Composite blocks were luted to superficial noncarious human dentin (n=10) using two resin cements (RelyX ARC [ARC] and RelyX U100 [U100]) and three dentin pretreatments (without pretreatment-control, CHX, and EDTA). CHX was applied for 60 seconds on the acid-etched dentin in the ARC/CHX group, and for the same time on smear layer-covered dentin in the U100/CHX group. EDTA was applied for 45 seconds on smear-covered dentin in the U100/EDTA group, and it replaced phosphoric acid conditioning in the ARC/EDTA group for 60 seconds. After storage in water for 24 hours, specimens were prepared for microtensile bond strength testing. The results were submitted to two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Tukey test. ARC produced significantly higher μTBS (p<0.05) compared to the U100, except when EDTA was used. For ARC, no pretreatment and CHX produced higher μTBS than EDTA. For U100, EDTA produced higher μTBS; no statistical difference occurred between CHX pretreatment and when no pretreatment was performed. While CHX did not affect immediate dentin bond strength of both cements, EDTA improved bond strength of U100, but it reduced dentin bond strength of ARC.     

The effect of thermocycling on the adhesion of self-etching adhesives on dental enamel and dentin

AIM: The aim of the present study was to investigate the effectiveness of one total-etch self-priming adhesive and two one-step self-etching adhesive systems on the adhesion of a resin composite to both dentin and enamel. The effect of thermocycling on the adhesion was also investigated. The null hypothesis tested was thermocycling would not affect bond strengths to enamel and dentin treated with self-etching adhesives or a total-etch adhesive. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Two single-step self-etching adhesives [Xeno III (XE3) and Prompt L-Pop (PP)] and one two-step total-etch adhesive system (Prime & Bond NT) (P&B NT) were used in this study. Thirty caries-free unrestored human third molars were used to make specimens of enamel and dentin. Different adhesives were applied on enamel and dentin surfaces according to the manufacturer's instructions then hybrid composite restorative material was condensed on the surface using a mold. The bonded specimens were stored in distilled water at 37 masculineC for 24 hours before being tested. Half of the bonded specimens were tested for shear bond strength without thermocycling. The other half of the test specimens were thermocycled using a thermocycling apparatus in water baths held at 5 masculineC and 55 masculineC with a dwell time of one minute each for 10,000 cycles prior to shear testing. The mean shear bond strength before and after thermocycling was calculated, and the results were subjected to two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and repeated measure design to show the interaction between different materials and different times. RESULTS: The results showed shear bond strength on both enamel and dentin of the total-etch adhesive and the self-etching adhesives decreased after the specimens were subjected to thermocycling. CONCLUSIONS: The null hypothesis tested "thermocycling would not affect bond strengths treated with self-etching adhesives" was rejected. Furthermore, the study revealed the following: 1. The shear bond strength to both enamel and dentin of the total-etch adhesive and the self-etching adhesives decreased after the specimens were subjected to thermocycling. 2. XE3 achieved the highest bond strength to both enamel and dentin (26.994+/-1.17 and 25.22+/-1.26, respectively). 3. XE3 showed even better bonding after thermocycling to enamel and dentin than the total-etching system or PP. 4. Although PP bonded to enamel showed lower shear bond strength value than XE3, it has durable bond strength even after thermocycling.     

复合树脂联合两种酸蚀粘结剂与乳牙釉质及牙本质的剪切粘结强度比较

目的:比较复合树脂联合全酸蚀和自酸蚀粘结剂与乳牙釉质及牙本质的剪切粘结强度。方法:收集新鲜拔除的滞留乳磨牙48个,随机分为4组,分别制备全酸蚀和自酸蚀粘结剂的釉质和牙本质试件,电子万能试验机测定各组剪切强度;体视显微镜下观察试件断面的破坏模式;扫描电镜观察粘结界面情况。结果:全酸蚀粘结剂组的釉质剪切强度明显高于牙本质剪切强度(P<0.05);自酸蚀粘结剂组釉质与牙本质剪切粘结强度无统计学差异(P>0.05);全酸蚀粘结剂组的釉质、牙本质剪切粘结强度均明显高于自酸蚀粘结剂组(P<0.05);体视显微镜及扫描电镜观察均显示,全酸蚀粘结剂与釉质和牙本质的粘结界面结合程度好于自酸蚀粘结剂。结论:全酸蚀粘结剂处理对乳牙釉质及牙本质的剪切粘结强度高于自酸蚀粘结剂。     

Evaluation of the interaction of chlorhexidine and MDP and its effects on the durability of dentin bonding

ObjectiveThis study aimed to evaluate the potential interaction of chlorhexidine (CHX) and 10-methacryloyloxydecyl dihydrogen phosphate (MDP) and its effects on the durability of dentin bonding.MethodsTwo commercial adhesives were tested: a MDP-free adhesive (Single Bond 2, SB2) and a MDP-containing adhesive (Single Bond Universal, SBU). Teeth were randomly assigned to six groups and tested for micro-tensile bond strength (μTBS): Ctr, direct bonding with SB2; CHX, CHX conditioning and SB2; MDP, MDP conditioning and SB2; CHX + MDP, combined CHX and MDP conditioning and SB2; SBU, direct bonding with SBU; CHX + SBU, CHX conditioning and SBU. The potential interaction of CHX and MDP was assessed by measuring nanoleakage, in situ zymography, and chemoanalytic characterization via Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Specimens for μTBS and nanoleakage tests were first subjected to water storage for 24 h or 6 months.ResultsThe initial μTBS values of the Ctr and CHX groups were significantly lower than those of the other four groups (P < 0.05). Water storage for 6 months significantly weakened all groups (P < 0.05), with the Ctr group showing the lowest μTBS. This group also showed more obvious nanoleakage than the other five groups. In situ zymography revealed that the Ctr group showed the strongest fluorescence and that the CHX + MDP group showed greater fluorescence than either CHX or MDP group. FTIR, XPS, and NMR indicated that MDP can interact with hydroxyapatite. NMR detected no Ca²⁺ salt peak for MDP when it was combined with CHX.SignificanceThe application of either CHX or MDP alone can improve dentin bond durability. However, CHX may interfere with the formation of MDP–Ca salts.     

Effect of waiting interval on chemical activation mode of dual-cure one-step self-etching adhesives on bonding to root canal dentin

Objectives

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of waiting interval on the chemical activation of dual-cure one-step self-etching adhesives before placing resin core materials on the regional bond strength to root canal dentin.

Materials and methods

Forty-eight post spaces prepared in human lower premolars were applied with four dual-cure one-step self-etching adhesives Estelite Core Quick: ECB/ECQ, Clearfil DC Core Automix: CDB/CDC, Unifil Core EM: UNB/UNC, BeautiCore: BTB/BTC as the manufacturers’ instructions. These adhesives were cured with light activation for 10 s, or chemical activation with 0, 10, and 30 s waiting intervals prior to placing resin core material. Resin core materials were then placed into the post space and light-cured for 60 s. After 24 h water storage, each specimen was serially sliced into 8, 0.6 mm × 0.6 mm thick beams for the μTBS test. The regional μTBS data were analyzed using three-way ANOVA and Dunnett's T3 test (p < 0.05).

Results

For the chemical activation with 10 and 30 s waiting intervals, ECB and CDB exhibited significantly improved μTBS, whereas for UNB and BTB, the μTBS were not significantly different but increased with waiting interval. On the other hand, light-activation of all the adhesives produced significantly higher μTBS to root canal dentin than chemical activation (p < 0.05), except for the UNB group.

Conclusions

For the chemical activation of dual-cure one-step self-etching adhesives, a waiting interval prior to placing resin core material improved μTBS to root canal dentin. Polymerising the adhesives before polymerisation reaction of resin core material would be effective for bonding to root canal dentin.

Clinical relevance

For chemical activation mode as well as light activation mode, pre-curing of adhesive layer before proceeding polymerisation of resin filling material would produce higher bonding performance to dentin in the cavity.