抗生育疫苗

常规的疫苗是刺激机体免疫系统抵抗“非自身”抗原的致病菌,这里所述的疫苗是一种新的、抵抗自身蛋白或激素的避孕疫苗。当前令人不安的是世界人口出生率在不断猛增,因此开展安全有效的节育措施是紧迫而重要的问题。从理论上讲,目前已有一些控制生育的适用疫苗。配子的产生常受二种促性腺激素的控制,即促卵泡成熟激素(FSH)和黄体化激素(LH)。FSH和LH随血     

子宫颈癌疫苗的研究进展

子宫颈癌是妇科常见的恶性肿瘤之一.人乳头状瘤病毒(1auman papiUoma virus,HPV)的持续感染与子宫颈癌的发生密切相关.HPV疫苗在预防和治疗宫颈癌方面备受关注.HPV疫苗能激发机体的细胞和体液免疫应答,有效的预防和控制HPV感染,在预防和治疗宫颈癌方面发挥作用.新型预防性HPV疫苗已在多个国家已经上市;多肽疫苗、蛋白疫苗、病毒载体疫苗、DNA疫苗等治疗性疫苗的研究也有新的进展.现对HPV疫苗在预防和治疗子宫颈癌方面的最新研究进展做一综述.     

子宫颈癌疫苗的研究进展

子宫颈癌是妇科常见的恶性肿瘤之一。人乳头状瘤病毒（human papilloma virus,HPV）的持续感染与子宫颈癌的发生密切相关。HPV疫苗在预防和治疗宫颈癌方面备受关注。HPV疫苗能激发机体的细胞和体液免疫应答,有效的预防和控制HPV感染,在预防和治疗宫颈癌方面发挥作用。新型预防性HPV疫苗已在多个国家已经上市;多肽疫苗、蛋白疫苗、病毒载体疫苗、DNA疫苗等治疗性疫苗的研究也有新的进展。现对HPV疫苗在预防和治疗子宫颈癌方面的最新研究进展做一综述。     

卵巢癌肿瘤疫苗研究进展

在女性生殖系统的恶性肿瘤中,卵巢癌发病率居第3位,仅次于宫颈癌和子宫内膜癌,但其死亡率却是最高的。虽然近年来在卵巢癌的诊治方面取得了一些进展,但是远期生存率,尤其是晚期患者的生存率仍没有显著改善。所以人们一直在寻找除化疗、手术之外的新的治疗方法。免疫治疗是近年来受到关注的新疗法之一,其中肿瘤疫苗是主动免疫     

打疫苗的学问

前两天，家住某小区的刘女士从幼儿园拿到了一封辖区疾控中心写给家长的信。信上说，又到流感高发季节，希望孩子尽快报名接种流感疫苗。目前有两种疫苗供选择，均为进口疫苗，价格为69元，另加0.5元的服务费。联想到最近报纸上频繁出现介绍流感疫苗的文章，刘女士在为孩子交钱报名时，疑问随之产生：为什么“露面”的流感疫苗都是进口的？疫苗价格能不能再便宜些？[编者按]     

HPV疫苗的安全性问题

宫颈癌是较常见的妇科恶性肿瘤,在全世界范围内有较高的发病率和死亡率,严重威胁妇女的健康和生命.目前已知人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)感染是发生宫颈癌的主要病因.     

hCGβ避孕疫苗研究进展

h CGβ避孕疫苗的研究已从结合疫苗进入到了基因工程及 DNA疫苗阶段 ,载体、佐剂和免疫途径是进一步增强 h CGβ避孕疫苗免疫原性的研究热点     

局部免疫和避孕疫苗

可被多种病原体栖居或穿越的人体粘膜总表面积超过４００ｍ２，为皮肤表面积的２００倍或更多。幸运的是，生物体已建立了一套非专一的和专一的防御机制，以保护这片脆弱的防线。前者就是上皮屏障（ｅｐｉｔｈｅｌｉａｌｂａｒｒｉｅｒ），后者就是局部免疫（ｌｏｃａｌｉｍｍｕｎｉｔｙ），或称粘膜免疫（ｍｕｃｏｓａｌｉｍｍｕｎｉｔｙ）。局部免疫系统不同于以血液为载体的免疫系统，不论是在抑制粘膜表面感染，或是激发全身免疫反应方面，它都是一种行之有效的免疫途径［１］。在过去几年中，用新颖的粘膜疫苗传递系统来诱导局部免疫反…     

宫颈癌HPV疫苗的研究进展

宫颈癌位于女性恶性肿瘤发病和死亡率的第二位,每年有465 000的新发癌患者[1]。研究发现在90％左右宫颈癌患者中可检测到人乳头瘤病毒(human papilloma virus,HPV)[2,3],其中HPV16、18、31、33、45、58型为宫颈癌的高危型,与宫颈癌密切相关。目前HPV感染率呈升高趋势,其引起的良、恶性的上皮病变值得注意。免疫治疗做为宫颈癌治疗的第四模式,其中预防和治疗性HPV疫苗的研究成为热点,本文就其研究进展概述如下。     

宫颈癌治疗性疫苗研究进展

宫颈癌与高危型人乳头状瘤病毒（HPV）的关系密切。新近的分子生物学业,免疫学业,多肽生化学学科的发展,迅猛地推动了宫颈癌治疗性疫苗的研究。治疗性疫苗包括重组蛋白疫苗,多肽疫苗,嵌合疫苗,核酸疫苗等。其中重组蛋白疫苗,多肽疫苗已进入I期临床试验。     

含编码人精子膜多肽cDNA和乙肝表面抗原基因的重组痘苗病毒

合成编码一种人精子膜蛋白YWK-Ⅱ胞外区的一段多肽片段的双链寡核苷酸链,HSD-2a.将HSD-2a和3’端乙肝表面抗原主S基因连接并与pUC18质粒重组.经鉴定的重组质粒用BamH Ⅰ和EcoRl酶切后,可分离纯化得到HSD-2a和HBsAg的主S基因连接片段,将该连接片段插入痘苗病毒通用表达载体pGJP-5的痘苗病毒启动子P_(7.5)下游,构建成重组质粒pGJP-HSD/HBs.将该重组质粒传染已感染了天坛痘苗病毒的猴肾细胞CV-1,pGJP-5中含有的TK基因与出发株病毒基因组的TK基因发生体内同源重组,构成重组痘苗病毒vv-HSD/HBs.HuTK~-细胞经vv-HSD/HBs感染后,在5-溴脱氧尿苷存在下进行空斑分析,筛选出TK~-重组病毒.应用ELISA方法对已感染了重组病毒的HuTK~-细胞培养上清和细胞裂解液测定,表明有HSD-2a编码的多肽片段的表达.Western-blot法分析呈现28和30Kd两条显色带.重组痘苗病毒vv-HSD/HBs有可能作为抗生育疫苗用途.     

Hepatitis B

Rand C, Emmons C, Johnson J: The effect of an educational intervention on the rate of neonatal circumcision. Obstet Gynecol 62:64, 1983.     

Hepatitis B

Hepatitis B virus is an important sexually transmitted organism that causes not only disease in sexual partners but important perinatal illness as well. The obstetrician-gynecologist must be aware of the epidemiology and the pathophysiology of HBV infections, as well as strategies for treatment and prevention. Physicians must first realize that their profession places them in a high-risk group by definition; therefore pre-exposure prophylaxis (that is, vaccination) is a logical step to take early in a medical career. Moreover, familiarity with guidelines for global HBsAg screening of pregnant women to prevent the serious pediatric hepatic morbidity that results from perinatal transmission of the virus is of paramount importance.     

Hepatitis B vaccine

Hepatitis B is one of the most important infectious diseases in the world. More than 300 million people are infected worldwide. Six thousand people die per year in the United States as a result of Hepatitis B infection. The incidence of infection in the United States has decreased in the last ten years, in part because of effective immunoprophylaxis. The two licenced vaccines, RecombivaxHB^® and Engerix-B^®, used in combination with Hepatitis B immune globulin (HBIG) are effective in preventing transmission of Hepatitis B infection in most cases. The vaccine can be used with or without HBIG for prophylaxis, depending on the type of exposure and prior vaccination record. Preexposure and postexposure prophylaxis for Hepatitis B is effective, safe, and cost effective.     

铁路地区乙型肝炎疫苗接种情况分析

目的:对铁路地区常规免疫报告接种率数据进行分析,评价乙型肝炎疫苗(HepB)纳入儿童计划免疫规划后的工作质量及其影响因素。方法:利用同期HepB实种人数和百白破联合疫苗(DPT)应种人数相比,估算HepB接种情况。结果:5年来,报告HepB全程接种率较高,分别是98.36%、98.26%、98.99%、98.70%、99.24%,但估算接种率较低,5年分别是86.42%、91.25%、93.37%、95.49%、96.31%。结论:报告接种率与估算接种率存在着一定的差距,提示还存在着一定的免疫空白点,需进一步加强HepB纳入免疫规划工作,不能松懈。     

Hepatitis B immunization in postpartum women

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the acceptance and efficacy of hepatitis B immunization in women during the postpartum period. STUDY DESIGN: A group of 157 consecutive women who were delivered of neonates between 1994 and 1999 under the care of a private, full-time faculty-based practice of obstetrics and gynecology participated in the study. All patients were screened for hepatitis B surface antigen and antibody during their pregnancy. Susceptible patients eligible for hepatitis B immunization were offered the vaccine in the immediate postpartum period. The planned vaccine administration was a series of 3 intramuscular injections, with the second injection given 4 weeks later and the third given 6 months after the initial injection. Rescreening for hepatitis B surface antibody titers was performed at a visit after the last injection. Response to the immunization series was evaluated according to rate of acceptance, compliance, and achievement of seroprotection. RESULTS: Thirteen (8%) patients had been immunized previously and had antibodies, whereas 8 (5%) patients had serologic evidence of a previous infection. Of the 136 patients eligible for the study, 113 (83%) agreed to participate, 16 (12%) declined, and 7 (5%) moved away from New York right after delivery. Of the 113 participants, 104 (92%) patients received at least 2 vaccine injections, with 80 (71%) completing 3 injections. Among patients who had postvaccinal antibody titers, 66 of 69 (96%) of the group that received 3 injections and 9 (75%) of 12 of the group that received 2 injections were found to have antibodies. CONCLUSION: Hepatitis B immunization in the postpartum period is feasible and effective.     

Hepatitis B and C in pregnancy

In general, pregnancy does not influence the course of hepatitis B (HBV) and C (HCV) infection. Most neonates born to mothers who suffer from acute viral hepatitis B and C are asymptomatic. Chronic hepatitis B and C infections can be transmitted to neonates. This route of transmission of HBV is a major contributing factor to the high carrier rate in endemic countries where 80–95% of infants born to HBsAg/HBeAg-positive (hepatitis B surface antigen and hepatitis B e antigen respectively) mothers are infected. Despite the availability of a immunoprophylactic vaccine, 10–15% of these infants are still infected. The possible reasons for vaccine failure include the ability of HBV antigens to induce immunotolerance and the existence of HBV variants. The factors contributing to vertical transmission of HBV and HCV are also discussed. These factors include viral load, virus variants and sensitivity of diagnostic tests. The rate of vertical transmission of HCV of less than 5% is lower compared to HBV in HCV-ribonucleic-acid-positive mothers. However, the risk of HCV transmission is increased to about 23% if the pregnant women are also human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) positive.