不同厂家的心达康片中黄酮的含量比较

目的　建立心达康片中黄酮含量的测定方法 ,比较不同厂家心达康片中黄酮的含量差异。方法　采用RP -HPLC法同时测定槲皮素、山柰素、异鼠李素 3种黄酮的含量 ,选用Shim -packVP -ODS色谱柱 (4 6mm× 15 0mm ,5 μm) ;流动相为甲醇 - 0 4 %磷酸水溶液 (5 0∶5 0 ) ,流速 1 0ml·min-1;检测波长 370nm ;柱温 30℃。结果　槲皮素、山柰素、异鼠李素 3种黄酮在测定范围内线性良好。不同厂家的心达康片不仅总黄酮含量存在显著差异 ;且 3种主要黄酮苷元的含量比例也差别悬殊。结论有必要对沙棘原料及生产工艺进一步研究 ,同时在药品的分析检测方法上不仅应测定总黄酮的含量 ,还应控制组成总黄酮的各个黄酮苷元的比例 ,以利于提高药品质量。     

高效液相色谱法测定心达康片中3种黄酮的含量

目的:建立应用高效液相色谱法测定心达康片中槲皮素、山柰素、异鼠李素3种黄酮的含量的方法。方法:以甲醇-0.4%磷酸(50∶50)为流动相,十八烷基硅烷键合硅胶为填充剂,检测波长为370nm进行测定。结果:槲皮素在0.08276～0.8276mg.L-1(r2=0.9999),山柰素在0.00646～0.0646mg.L-1(r2=0.9994),异鼠李素在0.06768～0.6768mg.L-1(r2=0.9999)线性良好。结论:该方法简便、可靠、准确,可用于心达康片的含量测定。     

心达康颗粒人参皂甙Rg1含量测定方法的研究

用薄层扫描法测定了，心达康颗粒中人参皂甙Ｒｇ１的含量，方法简便，快速，灵敏度高，重现性好，适用于其制剂中人参皂甙Ｒｇ１含量的测定。     

心达康软胶囊与心达康片溶出度比较

目的 探讨心达康软胶囊与心达康片剂的溶出速度.方法 采用转篮法测定两者的体外溶出度,以总黄酮不同时间溶出度为测定指标.结果 心达康软胶囊与心达康片的累积溶出曲线基本一致.结论 二者总黄酮溶出度无明显差异.     

心达康治疗冠心病心绞痛的Meta分析

目的：采用Meta分析法评价心达康胶囊和心达康片治疗冠心病心绞痛的临床疗效和安全性。方法：通过检索CNKI、维普中文科技期刊全文数据库、万方数据库、中国生物医学文献服务系统（CBM）( 1990~2016年),收集有关心达康胶囊和心达康片治疗冠心病心绞痛随机对照临床研究的文献,把符合纳入标准的12篇文献共1438例患者作为Meta分析的对象,选择心绞痛、心电图症状疗效作为效应指标,采用RevMan 5.3软件进行统计分析。结果：Meta分析结果显示心达康胶囊和心达康片治疗组在改善症状和心电图方面与对照组比较有显著性差异,无明显不良反应,4周临床有效率OR=5.27,95% CI=(3.78,7.34),P＜0.05;4周心电图疗效有效率OR=2.96,95% CI=(2.30,3.81),P＜0.05。结论：心达康胶囊和心达康片治疗冠心病心绞痛有效,安全性较高,较对照组有优势,为临床用药提供参考。     

黄秋葵中总黄酮的含量测定

目的：测定黄秋葵中总黄酮的含量。方法：采用紫外分光光度法，测定波长493 nm，测定黄秋葵中总黄酮的含量。结果：黄秋葵中总黄酮的含量为2.8%，RSD＝0.14%。结论：用紫外分光光法进行测定总黄酮的含量，方法简便可靠。     

一阶导数光谱法测定戊二醛消毒剂中戊二醛的含量

目的：测定戊二醛消毒剂中戊二醛的含量。方法；以302nm为一阶导数光谱的测定波长。结果：平均回收率为100.4%，RSD为0.25%。结论：用一阶导数光谱法测定戊二醛的含量，方法简便、快速，结果满意。     

紫外分光光度法测定感冒灵冲剂中对乙酰氨基酚含量

目的：测定感冒灵冲剂中对乙酰氨基酚的含量。方法：采用紫外分光光度法测定对乙酰氨基酚的含量。测定波长为257nm。结果：对乙酰氨基酚在5-15μg/ml范围内，浓度与吸收度的线性关系良好，平均回收率为100.04%,RSD为0.31%(n=5)。结论：方法简便，快速，准确，适用于对乙酰氨基酚的含量测定。     

复方氯己定溶液中氯己定和丁卡因的含量测定

目的：建立复方氯己定溶液中氯己定和丁卡因的含量检测方法。方法：采用双波长分光光度法，在波长254.4，345.5 nm处测定氯己定的含量。在310.0 nm处测定丁卡因的含量。结果：氯已定的含量平均回收率为99.4%，RSD为0.23%(n＝9)；丁卡因平均回收率为99.8%，RSD为0.37%(n＝9)。结论：该方法简便，快速，准确，可用于复方氯己定溶液中氯己定和丁卡因的含量测定。     

紫外分光光度法和高效液相色谱法测定芦氟沙星片含量的比较

目的：建立测定芦氟沙星片含量的方法。方法：采用紫外分光光度法和高效液相色谱法测定芦氟沙星片的含量。结果：紫外分光光度法回收率为99.6％，RSD=0.5%;高效液相色谱法回收率100.1％，RSD=1.7%.结论：两种方法简便、快速，测定结果一致。     

Efficacy of gut lavage,hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the therapy of paraquat or diquat intoxication

Clinical and in vitro investigations were carried out to test the efficacy of gut lavage, hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the treatment of poisoning with paraquat or diquat. In a patient suffering from diquat intoxication 130 times more diquat was removed by gut lavage 30 h after ingestion than was removed by complete aspiration of the gastric contents.Determination of in vitro clearances for paraquat and diquat by hemodialysis showed that, at serum concentrations of 1–2 ppm, such as are frequently encountered in poisoning in man, toxicologically relevant quantities of herbicide cannot be removed from the body. At a concentration of 20 ppm, on the other hand, hemodialysis proved to be effective, the clearance being 70 ml/min at a blood flow rate of 100 ml/min. The efficacy of hemoperfusion with coated activated charcoal was on the whole better. Especially at concentrations around 1–2 ppm, the clearance values for hemoperfusion were some 5–7 times higher than those for hemodialysis.In a patient suffering from paraquat poisoning, both hemodialysis as well as hemoperfusion were carried out. The in vitro results could be confirmed: At serum concentrations of paraquat less than 1 ppm no clearance could be obtained by hemodialysis while by hemoperfusion with activated charcoal quite high clearance values were measured and the serum level dropped down to zero.

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Zusammenfassung Klinische Untersuchungen und Laboratoriumsversuche wurden durchgeführt, um die Wirksamkeit von Darmspülung, Hämodialyse und Hämoperfusion bei Paraquat- und Deiquat-Vergiftungen zu prüfen.Bei einem Patienten wurde 30 Std nach Deiquat-Aufnahme durch Darmspülung 130mal mehr Deiquat entfernt als durch vollständige Aspiration des Mageninhaltes. In vitro-Versuche ergaben, daß bei Blutserumkonzentrationen von 1–2 ppm, die bei Vergiftungen oft gemessen werden, durch Hämodialyse keine toxikologisch relevanten Paraquat- oder Deiquat-Mengen entfernt werden können. Dagegen erwies sich die Hämodialyse bei 20 ppm und einer Blutumlaufgeschwindigkeit von 100 ml/min mit einer Clearance von 70 ml/min als wirksam. Die Hämoperfusion mit beschicheter Aktivkohle war in diesen Versuchen aber eindeutig überlegen, denn insbesondere bei Konzentrationen um 1–2 ppm waren die Clearance-Werte 5–7mal höher als bei der Hämodialyse.Die in vitro-Ergebnisse wurden bei einem Patienten mit einer Paraquat-Vergiftung bestätigt: Bei Konzentrationen unter 1 ppm war die Hämodialyse wirkungslos, während durch Hämoperfusion relativ hohe Clearance-Werte erreicht wurden, so daß der Serumspiegel rasch unter die Nachweisgrenze abfiel.

     

In vitro studies on sterically stabilized liposomes (SL) as enzyme carriers in organophosphorus (OP) antagonism

This study describes a new approach for organophosphorous (OP) antidotal treatment by encapsulating an OP hydrolyzing enzyme, OPA anhydrolase (OPAA), within sterically stabilized liposomes. The recombinant OPAA enzyme was derived from Alteromonas strain JD6. It has broad substrate specificity to a wide range of OP compounds: DFP and the nerve agents, soman and sarin. Liposomes encapsulating OPAA (SL)* were made by mechanical dispersion method. Hydrolysis of DFP by (SL)* was measured by following an increase of fluoride ion concentration using a fluoride ion selective electrode. OPAA entrapped in the carrier liposomes rapidly hydrolyze DFP, with the rate of DFP hydrolysis directly proportional to the amount of (SL)* added to the solution. Liposomal carriers containing no enzyme did not hydrolyze DFP. The reaction was linear and the rate of hydrolysis was first order in the substrate. This enzyme carrier system serves as a biodegradable protective environment for the recombinant OP-metabolizing enzyme, OPAA, resulting in prolongation of enzymatic concentration in the body. These studies suggest that the protection of OP intoxication can be strikingly enhanced by adding OPAA encapsulated within (SL)* to pralidoxime and atropine.     

Synthesis,Cytotoxicity and Antileishmanial Activity of Some N-(2-(indol-3-yl)ethyl)-7-chloroquinolin-4-amines

We report herein the condensation of 4,7-dichloroquinoline (1) with tryptamine (2) and D-tryptophan methyl ester (3) . Hydrolysis of the methyl ester adduct (5) yielded the free acid (6) . The compounds were evaluated in vitro for activity against four different species of Leishmania promastigote forms and for cytotoxic activity against Kb and Vero cells. Compound (5) showed good activity against the Leishmania species tested, while all three compounds displayed moderate activity in both Kb and Vero cells.     

Steroidal sapogenin contents in some domestic plants

In order to find out the values of the steroid resources for the future use. the compositions and contents of steroidal sapogenins from 13 domestic plants have been investigated. As a result,Dioscorea nipponica, D. quinqueloba andSmilax china were found to have large amount of diosgenin. And pennogenin inTrillium kamtschaticum andParis verticillata, yuccagenin inAllium fistulosum, hecogenin inAgave americana and neochlorogenin inSolanum nigum were appeared to be major steroidal sapogenins.     

Aquatic Insects and Trace Metals: Bioavailability,Bioaccumulation, and Toxicity

Abstract

The uptake of metals from food and water sources by insects is thought to be additive. For a given metal, the proportions taken up from water and food will depend both on the bioavailable concentration of the metal associated with each source and the mechanism and rate by which the metal enters the insect. Attempts to correlate insect trace metal concentrations with the trophic level of insects should be made with a knowledge of the feeding relationships of the individual taxa concerned. Pathways for the uptake of essential metals, such as copper and zinc, exist at the cellular level, and other nonessential metals, such as cadmium, also appear to enter via these routes. Within cells, trace metals can be bound to proteins or stored in granules. The internal distribution of metals among body tissues is very heterogeneous, and distribution patterns tend to be both metal and taxon specific. Trace metals associated with insects can be both bound on the surface of their chitinous exoskeleton and incorporated into body tissues. The quantities of trace meals accumulated by an individual reflect the net balance between the rate of metal influx from both dissolved and particulate sources and the rate of metal efflux from the organism. The toxicity of metals has been demonstrated at all levels of biological organization: cell, tissue, individual, population, and community. Much of the literature pertaining to the toxic effects of metals on aquatic insects is based on laboratory observations and, as such, it is difficult to extrapolate the data to insects in nature. The few experimental studies in nature suggest that trace metal contaminants can affect both the distribution and the abundance of aquatic insects. Insects have a largely unexploited potential as biomonitors of metal contamination in nature. A better understanding of the physico-chemical and biological mechanisms mediating trace metal bioavailability and exchange will facilitate the development of general predictive models relating trace metal concentrations in insects to those in their environment. Such models will facilitate the use of insects as contaminant biomonitors.     

Alzheimer’s disease – current trends in basic and clinical research. Highlights from the 16th ECNP

Advances in the molecular biological knowledge of neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) have led to a growing interest by the pharmaceutical industry in the development of novel compounds that selectively modulate nAChR function. The ability of (-)-nicotine, an activator of nAChRs, to enhance attentional aspects of cognition in animals and humans, to exert neuroprotective and anxiolytic-like effects, and presumably to mediate the negative correlation between smoking and Alzheimer's (and Parkinson's) Disease, has focused interest on the potential therapeutic utility of modulators of nAChR function for treatment of some of the deficits associated with these progressive, neurodegenerative conditions. Numerous compounds are known which activate nAChRs and which might serve as lead compounds toward the development of such agents. The pharmacologic diversity of neuronal nAChR subtypes suggests the possibility of developing selective compounds which would have more favourable side-effect profiles than existing agents. This broader class of agents, collectively called cholinergic channel modulators (ChCMs), is anticipated to encompass compounds which would have more favourable side-effect profiles than existing agents, which generally exhibit low selectivity. This selectivity may be achieved by preferentially activating some subtypes of nAChRs (i.e., Cholinergic Channel Activators, ChCAs) or inhibiting the function of other subtypes (Cholinergic Channel Inhibitors, ChCIs). An overview of the biology of nAChRs and the rationale for the use of ChCMs for the treatment of dementia related to neurodegenerative diseases are presented, followed by a discussion of lead compounds and compounds under consideration for clinical evaluation.