两种不同术式治疗跖痛症临床疗效分析

[目的]探讨微创截骨与Weil截骨两种不同术式治疗跖痛症的适应证及临床疗效。[方法]对51例(64足/104跖骨)轻度跖痛症患者分别行跖骨颈部微创截骨抬高术(A组,24例/26足/55跖骨)和Weil截骨术(B组,27例/38足/49跖骨)。比较两组患者手术前后责任跖骨的VAS评分、ACFAS评分及跖骨头下最大压力、最大压强及冲量变化,评价两组病例的临床疗效。[结果]术后随访时间6~36个月,平均20个月。A、B两组病例手术前后VAS评分和ACFAS评分差异有统计学意义(P0.05);Footscan足底压力测试手术前后责任跖骨头下最大压力、最大压强及冲量差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。A、B两组病例术后VAS评分、ACFAS及足底压力测试数据比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。A组出现截骨延迟愈合4例(4跖骨)。[结论]两种截骨术均能有效缓解跖痛症的疼痛症状。微创截骨抬高术治疗跖痛症,疗效确定,易于掌握,并发症少,适合于临床推广应用。     

Weil截骨术

Weil截骨术通过对跖骨头、颈部位进行斜行截骨,以实现跖骨短缩。该术式由美国的Weil LS医师于1985年首先提出并将其应用于中央跖痛症(第2～4跖骨)患者,随后由Barouk医师在欧洲推广。与传统的截骨术相比,Weil截骨术具有操作简单、截骨部位接触面积大、断端固定可靠等优点,因此在前足疾患的矫形手术中应用日趋广泛。     

跖痛症治疗新进展

任何解剖结构异常、足踝部疾病或畸形及医源性因素都可引起跖痛症。跖痛症治疗方法较多，对早期症状尚轻、功能尚可的病人可先行矫形鞋、药物及理疗等保守治疗，病情持续加重或保守治疗无效则采用手术治疗。目前报道有多种手术治疗方法，如跖骨远端斜形截骨术（weil截骨术）、跖骨干截骨术、跖侧髁部切除术及跖骨头切除术等，其中Weil截骨术可将前足应力均衡再分布，能有效改善症状及功能，已在临床上广泛应用。该文就跖痛症生物力学分析、分型、诊断及治疗方法等作一综述。     

第一跖列多平面截骨结合Weil截骨术治疗重度躅外翻畸形

[摘要]目的：回顾分析第一跖列多平面截骨结合Weil截骨术治疗重度黟h翻畸形的短期疗效。方法：自2009年3月～2011年3月,采用第一跖列多平面截骨结合Weil截骨术治疗重脚矽h翻伴跖骨头下痛性胼胝体患者18例（26足）。术前、术后、随访时均拍摄足部负重位正、侧位x线片,测量躅外翻角（HVA）、第1、2跖骨间角（IMA）、近侧关节固定角（PASA）。     

基于X线分度的跖痛症临床治疗方案研究

目的探讨并评价跖痛症依据X线分度制定的治疗方案的适应证及临床疗效。方法笔者自2013-10—2015-08根据跖痛症的分度标准确定手术方案,采用微创截骨跖骨头抬高术(A组)、Weil截骨术(B组)、跖骨近端截骨短缩内固定术(C组)、跖骨截骨短缩内固定加跖趾关节切开复位克氏针固定术(D组)4种术式治疗跖痛症49例(66足/120跖骨),手术前、后测量责任跖骨头下胼胝体大小、跖趾关节活动度、ACFAS评分、VAS评分以及步态周期中责任跖骨头下最大压力、最大压强及冲量的变化。结果所有患者均获随访12~24个月,平均14个月。4种术式术后责任跖骨头下胼胝痛消失或明显减轻者96.7%。4组手术前后VAS评分、ACFAS评分差异均有统计学意义(P0.05);A组手术前后跖趾关节活动度变化不明显,差异无统计学意义;其余3组关节活动度均较术前减小,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。Footscan足底压力测试手术前后相应跖骨头下最大压强、最大压力及冲量差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。术后出现转移性跖痛症7例(跖骨),占5.83%;有8例(跖骨)出现截骨端延迟愈合,占6.67%;无截骨不愈合。结论根据跖痛症分度标准确定的治疗方案,可显著减轻疼痛症状,疗效确切,有较好的临床指导意义。     

改良Weil截骨手术治疗第2—5跖趾关节脱位的疗效评估

背景：Weil截骨术常用于治疗第2-5跖趾关节半脱位或脱位引起的跖痛症,但也经常出现并发症。目的：探讨改良Weil截骨术治疗第2-5跖趾关节脱位畸形的疗效。方法：2009年至2011年采用改良Weil截骨术治疗第2-5跖趾关节脱位畸形32足,行45趾截骨。男10足,女22足。患足手术前后常规拍摄足正侧位x线片,测量跖骨长度,使用美国足踝外科协会（AOFAS）跽趾-跖趾-趾间关节评分系统评估临床疗效。结果：Weil截骨术后跖趾关节畸形恢复正常关系43例,AOFAS评分术前（48．6±7．5）分,术后（85．9±6．5）分;跖骨截骨后短缩2～7mm,平均4．3mm。2例浮趾畸形,经保守治疗好转。2例复位后仍有半脱位。1例可折断钉过长疼痛。结论：改良Weil截骨能有效纠正第2-5跖趾关节脱位,临床疗效满意。     

跖痛症治疗新进展

任何解剖结构异常、足踝部疾病或畸形及医源性因素都可引起跖痛症.跖痛症治疗方法较多,对早期症状尚轻、功能尚可的病人可先行矫形鞋、药物及理疗等保守治疗,病情持续加重或保守治疗无效则采用手术治疗.目前报道有多种手术治疗方法,如跖骨远端斜形截骨术(Weil截骨术)、跖骨干截骨术、跖侧髁部切除术及跖骨头切除术等,其中Weil截骨术可将前足应力均衡再分布,能有效改善症状及功能,已在临床上广泛应用.该文就跖痛症生物力学分析、分型、诊断及治疗方法等作一综述.     

Weil截骨治疗(足母)外翻转移性跖痛

[目的]回顾分析Weil截骨治疗(踇)外翻转移性跖痛的疗效.[方法]自2004年至200:5年联合应用第1跖骨基截骨及Weil截骨治疗伴有外侧跖骨头转移性跖痛的中重度外翻17例25足.患足手术前后常规拍摄足正侧位片,测量足母外翻角(HVA),I-Il跖骨间角(IMA),使用美国足踝外科协会(踇)趾-跖趾-趾间关节评分系统(AOFAS)评分评估临床疗效.手术方法根据患者术前症状选择第1跖骨基底截骨联合外侧跖骨头Weil截骨.[结果]患者(踇)外翻角(HVA)术前为32°±5.7°,术后为12.8°±3.5°;Ⅰ-Ⅱ跖骨间角(IMA)术前为23.2°±3.7°,术后为10.5°±0.7°;AOFAS评分术前45.6±6.9分,术后86.9±4.6分;Weil截骨术后的跖骨短缩3-8 mm,平均4.5 mm;术后18足跖痛症状完全缓解,7例好转,所有患者日常生活正常,无需进一步治疗.[结论] (踇)母外翻术前应综合分析足部的生物力学变化,对伴有外侧转移性跖痛的严重(踇)外翻患者,联合使用第1跖骨基截骨和外侧跖骨头Weil截骨可获得良好疗效.     

Austin截骨术治疗拇外翻

目的 探讨Austin手术治疗拇外翻的疗效.方法 自2000年至2005年,采用Austin手术方法治疗拇外翻患者89例169足.按常规治疗拇外翻的手术方法,松解拇趾跖外侧挛缩组织,显露跖骨头并切除内侧骨赘,跖骨内侧面"V"型截骨,截骨远端外移.结果 本组患者随访1～5年,优83例159足,良5例9足,可1例1足.术后无一例出现截骨延迟愈合及跖骨头缺血性坏死.结论 该手术方法操作简单,并发症少,疗效满意.     

Austin截骨术治疗拇外翻

目的探讨Austin手术治疗拇外翻的疗效。方法自2000年至2005年，采用Austin手术方法治疗拇外翻患者89例169足。按常规治疗拇外翻的手术方法，松解拇趾跖外侧挛缩组织，显露跖骨头并切除内侧骨赘，跖骨内侧面“V”型截骨，截骨远端外移。结果本组患者随访1～5年，优83例159足，良5例9足，可1例1足。术后无一例出现截骨延迟愈合及跖骨头缺血性坏死。结论该手术方法操作简单，并发症少，疗效满意。     

The Weil osteotomy for the treatment of painful plantar keratoses

Management of painful plantar corns remains challenging. Failure of conservative treatment may necessitate surgical intervention. The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of the Weil osteotomy in the treatment of painful plantar corns. A total of 29 patients (33 feet) underwent Weil osteotomy combined with plantar lesion excision of a single metatarsal of either the second, third or fourth metatarsals. These were reviewed post-operatively at an average of 42.4 months. At final review, nine feet (27%) presented with a corn. Four feet (12%) developed transfer metatarsalgia with a total of seven feet (21%) requiring revision surgery. The average metatarsal shortening was 4.5 mm. Requirement for regular clinical lesion reduction fell from an average of 5.6 weeks to 12 weeks (P<0.001) between treatments and the American Orthopaedic Foot And Ankle Society clinical rating scale improved by an average of 48 points (P<0.001). The Weil osteotomy is a moderately effective intervention which should be considered in planning the treatment of intractable plantar corns.     

Comparative study of the Weil osteotomy with and without fixation

Background

Weil osteotomy is a technique widely used in patients with metatarsalgia which shortens the metatarsal and reduces the load under the metatarsal head.

Methods

The aim of this paper is to compare the results of the Weil osteotomy with and without any fixation system.We present a retrospective study of 92 patients (97 feet) who underwent treatment for metatarsalgia between 1999 and 2005. One hundred and six osteotomies were vixed using a screw amd no fixation was used in 92. The mean follow-up was 51.2 and 46.6 months respectively.

Results

All the patients were evaluated following the AOFAS LMIS scale, obtaining a mean score of 69.8 points (ranged 15–100) and 75.3 points (from 47 to 100) in each group (P = 0.11).

Conclusions

The results of fixed and unfixed Weil osteotomies were not significantly different. Our study could not find a significant relationship between metatarsal shortening and main complications (recurrent metatarsalgia, transfer metatarsalgia and stiffness of the metatarsophalangeal joint).     

Shortening Proximal Chevron Metatarsal Osteotomy for Patients With a Hallux Valgus Deformity With Advanced Arthritis

To correct hallux valgus deformities in patients with advanced arthritis of the first metatarsophalangeal joint, we designed a new reverse chevron-type shortening osteotomy technique that could be used to correct valgus deformities at the proximal metatarsal level, as well as shorten and lower the metatarsal, in a 1-time procedure. Sixteen feet in 16 patients with a minimum of 18 months follow-up who underwent a shortening proximal chevron metatarsal osteotomy for a hallux valgus deformity with advanced arthritic change between January 2014 and March 2016 were reviewed in this study. Double chevron osteotomies with 20° of plantar-ward obliquity at the proximal metatarsal level were made at 5-mm intervals for simultaneous valgus correction and metatarsal shortening. An additional Weil osteotomy of the second metatarsal was performed in all feet. Patients’ mean age was 57.88 ± 6.55 years. The deformity was satisfactorily corrected by the operation. The first metatarsal was shortened by approximately 8.75 mm, and the relative length of the second metatarsal did not differ significantly postoperatively (p?=?.179). The relative second metatarsal height, as seen on forefoot axial radiographs, was maintained constantly, with no significant difference (p?=?.215). No painful plantar callosity or transfer metatarsalgia under the second metatarsal head was observed postoperatively. A shortening proximal chevron metatarsal osteotomy for hallux valgus deformities with advanced arthritic change showed a good result with respect to deformity correction and pain relief. Appropriate lowering and an additional Weil osteotomy effectively prevented postoperative pain and painful callosity under the second metatarsal head.     

The Weil osteotomy in metatarsalgia

AIM: The purpose of the prospective study is to evaluate the results of Weil osteotomy in painful overloaded central forefoot with dislocation of the MTP joint. METHOD: 19 left and 16 right feet underwent the Weil osteotomy. In 10 patients the procedure was performed on both feet. In 15 cases only one metatarsal was corrected (the 2 (nd) in 12 and the 3 (rd) in 3 cases), in 17 cases both the 2 (nd) and the 3 (rd) metatarsals and in 4 cases also with the 4 (th) one together. The simultaneous correction of hallux valgus was performed in 19 forefeet. The mean follow-up was 31 months (range, 19 to 41 months). RESULTS: All patients were satisfied with the result of the operation. The results were excellent in 29 cases (83 %) and good in 6 cases (17 %). The plantar callus disappeared in 27 feet (77 %) and decreased in 8 feet (23 %). In one patient the new callus formed under the head of the neighbouring metatarsal bone. The sufficient MTP joint reduction was found in 31 cases (89 %). CONCLUSION: It is possible with the Weil osteotomy to correct the metatarsal length accurately according to the preoperative planning. This results in the prevention of new callus formation under the neighbouring metatarsal head. Stable internal fixation allows the early mobilisation of the MTP joint.     

第1跖骨远端改良Chevron截骨治疗[足母]外翻

背景：[足母]外翻的手术治疗方式众多,传统Chevron有一定的手术操作局限性。目的：观察采用第1跖骨远端改良Chevron截骨治疗轻中度[足母]外翻的临床治疗效果。方法：2011年12月至2012年10月采用Chevron截骨对22例患者（28足）进行[足母]外翻矫正,记录患者术前、术后美国足踝外科医师协会评分（AOFAS）,术前、术后测量第1、2跖骨间角（IMA）和躅外翻角（HVA）变化以评估矫正程度,采用AOFAS前足评分和生活功能评分简表（SF．36）评估功能恢复情况。结果：22名患者术后平均随访时间13．36个月（8～18个月）,术前患者平均AOFAS评分（43．59±6．85）分,术后平均85．55±5．66分。术前患者平均SF．36量表评分（45．42±5．54）分,术后平均（83．23±8．81）分,两者术前、术后比较有显著统计学差异（P〈0．01）。IMA术前13．80°±1．67°,术后6．70°±1．51°（P〈0．01）;HVA术前平均29．30°±2．78°,术后7．47°±2．82。（P〈0．01）。结论：第1跖骨远端改良Chevron截骨治疗轻中度蹰外翻手术操作技术简便,临床效果满意。     

Ludloff截骨和基底斜楔形截骨治疗中重度拇外翻的结果比较

目的比较Ludloff截骨和跖骨基底斜楔形截骨治疗中、重度拇外翻的近期临床结果。方法 2008年7月至2009年2月,对21例中、重度拇外翻患者（男2例,女19例）29足实行拇外翻矫形手术。Ludloff截骨术7例（11足）,基底楔形截骨14例（18足）。采用AOFAS评分对患足进行临床功能评价,同时拍负重位的正侧位X线片进行影像学评价。随访结果使用SPSS10.0统计软件包进行处理。结果随访时间5～13个月。最后一次随访时,23足基本无痛（Ludloff截骨9例,基底斜楔形截骨14例）,6足偶有疼痛或轻微疼痛（Ludloff截骨2例,基底斜楔形截骨4例）。有两足拇外翻纠正欠佳（基底斜楔形截骨）,但无疼痛症状。18人,26足基本恢复正常活动。3人,3足（其中1人为双侧,但只有1足有症状,Ludloff截骨术1例,基底截骨术2例）在长距离或长时间行走时出现疼痛。术后AOFAS评分平均为83分（58～92分）。患者自我感觉良好的有17人,24足（Ludloff截骨术10例,基底截骨14例）;感觉较好的2人,3足;感觉一般的2人,2足（Ludloff截骨术1例,基底截骨1例）。对外形满意的19人,26足（Ludloff截骨术10例,基底截骨16例）;一般的1人,1足（Ludloff截骨术）;不满意的1人,1足（基底截骨术）。结论两种手术方式都是治疗中、重度拇外翻可靠有效的方法,但最终的临床结果没有显著不同。     

Hallux valgus with second metatarsalgia: Is second metatarsal Weil osteotomy necessary?

BackgroundThe role of concomitant Weil osteotomy to address second toe metatarsalgia during hallux valgus correction is unclear. We aimed to critically analyse outcomes of an additional Weil osteotomy versus isolated Scarf osteotomy.in the management of hallux valgus and second metatarsalgia.MethodsPatients with second toe metatarsalgia who underwent first metatarsal Scarf osteotomy for hallux valgus were enrolled retrospectively. Demographics, radiographic measurements and functional outcomes were assessed at baseline, 6-months and 2-years postoperatively. Between-group significance was established with Fisher exact test, Chi-square or Mann-Whitney U test. Within-group changes from baseline were assessed with paired t-test and Wilcoxon signed-rank test.Results48 feet (34 isolated Scarf, 14 concomitant Weil osteotomy) were included. Both cohorts demonstrated significant improvements across all measures of functional outcome. However, patients with additional Weil osteotomy reported poorer short-term outcomes.ConclusionSuperiority of additional Weil osteotomy versus isolated Scarf osteotomy in addressing second toe metatarsalgia or improving functional outcomes was not demonstrated.     

Plantar pressure and load in cadaver feet after a Weil or chevron osteotomy

BACKGROUND: Since metatarsal osteotomy was first used to treat metatarsalgia in the early twentieth century, many techniques have been described to accomplish the basic aim of reduction of load transmission through the operated metatarsal and reduction of localized high pressure on the plantar surface of the metatarsal. Our study examined two popular distal metatarsal neck osteotomies used for the relief of central metatarsalgia and the biomechanical changes that result from their use in a cadaver forefoot model. METHODS: After applying 445 N (100 lbs) of axially directed force, we measured plantar pressure using the TekScan HR Mat (TekScan, Inc., South Boston, MA) in twelve paired, thawed, fresh-frozen intact cadaver legs, then after either a Weil or chevron osteotomy of the second metatarsal and finally after the addition of the same osteotomy of the third metatarsal. RESULTS: Load in the forefoot was not significantly affected by the Weil osteotomy. A significant increase in load was produced in the first metatarsal region, and significant decreases in load were produced beneath the operated metatarsal heads after the chevron osteotomy. Average pressure in the contact area of the forefoot showed similar trends; however, load and pressure changes occurred independently, owing to the changes in contact area produced by the osteotomies. No significant changes were observed in the nonoperated metatarsal regions. CONCLUSIONS: In this model, the chevron osteotomy more effectively reduced load and plantar pressure in the operated metatarsal regions; however, increases in load and pressure were observed in the first metatarsal region. The increase in pressure without a change in load in region 3 (third metatarsal) after a Weil osteotomy of the third metatarsal was attributed to the creation of a plantar prominence. This study did not show a reduction in load transmission as a result of the Weil osteotomy, which contradicts the proposed mechanism of clinical benefit. An intact first ray likely prevents transfer of load or pressure to adjacent lesser metatarsals with chevron osteotomy.     

Influence of the Length Ratio Between Second and Third Metatarsals After Modified Weil Osteotomy on Clinical Outcomes

Metatarsalgia is a frequent foot disorder. The objective was to evaluate whether the length ratio between the second and the third metatarsals after Weil osteotomy influences clinical outcomes. This retrospective study included 37 patients (53 feet). Preoperative planning consisted of keeping the second metatarsal greater than or equal to the third metatarsal after Weil osteotomy of the second metatarsal or the second and third metatarsals. Based on postoperative weightbearing and digital AP radiographs after Weil osteotomy, we divided the patients into 2 groups: group 1, the second metatarsal was longer than or equal to the third metatarsal; and group 2, the second metatarsal was shorter than the third metatarsal. We investigated whether there were differences between the groups. In 35 (66%) feet, the second metatarsal was longer than or equal to the third metatarsal (group 1), and in 18 (34%) feet, the second metatarsal was shorter than the third metatarsal (group 2). Postoperative American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society scores were 86.2 and 82.7, respectively (p = .32). Postoperative Visual Analog Scale scores were 1.26 and 1.67, respectively (p = .39). The sample showed 11.3% of transfer metatarsalgia to the third metatarsal. Group 1 had 9% of transfer metatarsalgia, whereas group 2 had 17% of transfer metatarsalgia (p = .40). The presence of a second metatarsal shorter than the third metatarsal, after Weil osteotomy of the second metatarsal or the second and third metatarsals, does not influence outcomes or incidence of transfer metatarsalgia to the third metatarsal.