不同骨量状态的2型糖尿病患者骨密度影响因素分析

目的观察不同骨量状态的2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者的糖脂代谢、骨代谢生化指标水平,探讨T2DM患者的骨质疏松(OP)相关危险因素。方法选择北京大学人民医院T2DM患者264例(男性133例,女性131例),采用双能X线骨密度仪测定患者腰椎、股骨颈及全髋BMD,按T值不同分为3个亚组:骨密度正常组(T值-1.0);骨量减少组(-2.5T值≤-1.0);OP组(T值≤-2.5)。比较3组之间各种生化、骨代谢指标及BMD的差异并进行相关性分析。结果 1OP组的年龄明显大于其余两组,体重及血尿酸水平明显低于其余两组(P均0.05)。2OP组的血清BALP及TRACP-5b水平明显高于其余两组(P均0.05)。OP组和骨量减少组的L1-4、股骨颈及全髋BMD均明显低于正常组,尤以OP组下降明显(P均0.05)。3男性T2DM患者中,OP组的血尿酸明显低于其余两组,而血清TRACP-5b明显高于其余两组(P均0.05)。女性T2DM患者中,OP组的血清BALP明显高于其余两组(P0.05)。4在校正性别、年龄及体重等因素影响后,腰椎骨密度与尿酸正相关(r=0.137,P0.05),与BALP、TRACP-5b负相关(r=-0.281,-0.146,P均0.05)。股骨颈骨密度与舒张压、BALP、TRACP-5b负相关(r=-0.135,-0.237,-0.136,P均0.05),全髋骨密度与BALP负相关(r=-0.25,P0.05)。5Logistic回归分析结果显示:T2DM患者的年龄、BALP、低体重、低血尿酸水平与OP发生有关(P0.05)。结论年龄、BALP、低体重、低血尿酸水平与T2DM患者发生OP有关。     

住院新诊断2型糖尿病患者骨密度及影响因素调查

目的观察住院新诊断2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者骨密度(BMD)改变情况并探讨其影响因素。方法选择北京大学人民医院新诊断T2DM患者111例(男性75例,女性36例),采用双能X线骨密度仪测定患者腰椎、股骨颈及全髋BMD,按T值不同分为2个亚组:骨量正常组(T值-1.0SD);骨量减少组(-2.5 SDT值≤-1.0 SD);比较两组之间各种生化指标及BMD的差异并进行相关性分析。结果 1、骨量减少组的年龄大于骨量正常组(P0.05),而体重及体重指数(BMI)低于后者(P分别0.05及0.01)。骨量减少组的稳态模型胰岛素抵抗指数取自然对数值(Ln(HOMA-IR))稍低于骨量正常组,而游离三碘甲状腺原氨酸(FT3)高于后者,差异有统计学意义(P均0.05)。骨量减少组合并脂肪肝的比例为51.2%,明显低于骨量正常组合并脂肪肝的比例71.9%,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。2、骨量减少组的腰椎、股骨颈及全髋BMD均明显低于骨量正常组(P均0.01)。3、Pearson相关分析显示,腰椎骨密度与舒张压负相关(P0.05),与体重、空腹血糖(FBG)、Ln(HOMA-IR)正相关(P均0.01)。股骨颈及全髋骨密度均与年龄和高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)负相关,与体重、腰围、BMI及尿酸正相关(P均0.01)。在校正年龄、体重及BMI等影响因素后,股骨颈骨密度与HDL-C负相关(r=-0.269,P=0.028)。结论新诊断T2DM患者的骨密度除了与年龄及体重有关外,升高的HDL-C水平可能与骨密度降低有一定的关系。     

端粒及内脏脂肪对2型糖尿病患者骨密度的影响

目的 探讨端粒长度与内脏脂肪面积（visceral adipose area，VFA）在2型糖尿病（type 2 diabetes mellitus，T2DM）合并骨质疏松症（osteoporosis，OP）发病中的影响作用。方法 收集2020年6月至2021年8月我院内分泌科（为国家标准化代谢性疾病管理中心）T2DM患者160例，将T2DM患者根据骨密度（bone mineral density，BMD）中T值分为OP组、骨量减少组、骨量正常组。利用qPCR法测定外周血白细胞端粒长度。记录所有参与者的一般临床资料，检测血糖、血脂、25羟基维生素D[25(OH)D]、性激素等指标，应用双能X线测定BMD（包括股骨颈、全髋关节、腰椎），应用生物电阻抗法测定VFA，应用SPSS 24.0统计学软件进行数据分析。结果 ①OP组、骨量减少组、骨量正常组中外周血端粒长度依次增加，OP组VFA大于骨量减少组和骨量正常组。②各部位BMD与VFA负相关，与端粒长度正相关。③端粒长度是各部位BMD的独立影响因素，VFA是股骨颈、全髋关节BMD的独立影响因素。结论 T2DM患者低BMD与较大的VFA、较短的端粒长度有关。     

2型糖尿病患者合并骨量减少及骨质疏松症相关影响因素分析

目的探讨2型糖尿病(type 2 diabetes mellitus,T2DM)患者合并骨量减少及骨质疏松症(osteoporsis,OP)相关影响因素。方法采用双能X线骨密度仪(DXA)测定617例住院T2DM患者股骨颈(N)及腰椎1~4(L1-4)的骨密度(bone mineral density,BMD),按BMD分为骨量正常、骨量减少及骨质疏松组,采用SPSS软件比较各组之间年龄、性别、病程及生化指标之间的差异性,分析T2DM骨密度相关影响因素。结果 OP组及骨量减少组女性比例、年龄均高于骨量正常组(P0.05),BMI低于骨量正常组(P0.05)。OP组T2DM病程大于骨量减少组及骨量正常组(P0.05),FPG、2h PG、糖化血红蛋白低于骨量正常组(P0.05),空腹C肽水平低于骨量正常组(P0.05)。血钙低于骨量减少组及骨量正常组(P0.05),骨量减少组空腹胰岛素水平低于骨量正常组(P0.05)。将上述结果进行Logistic回归分析结果显示:高龄、低FC-P水平、低Hb A1C、低BMI与T2DM合并骨量减少及OP有相关关系(P0.05)。结论老龄、低空腹C肽水平、低BMI的2型糖尿病患者易出现骨量减少及骨质疏松症。     

输血相关铁蓄积患者骨密度分析

目的研究输血相关铁蓄积患者的骨密度,探讨继发性铁蓄积对骨代谢的影响。方法回顾性研究54例输血相关铁蓄积患者资料,检测患者每次输血前血红蛋白、红细胞压积以及相关生化指标,并检测研究结束时患者血清铁蛋白、转铁蛋白以及腰椎和股骨颈骨密度。采用t检验、方差分析、卡方检验、Pearson或Spearman直线分析、多元逐步回归分析以及偏相关分析研究患者骨密度与铁代谢指标、血清生化指标的相关性。结果患者平均血清铁蛋白水平为1273.14 ng/ml,明显升高,平均腰椎和股骨颈骨密度T/Z值分别为-1.75和-1.48,低于正常人水平;将患者分为再生障碍性贫血、骨髓增生异常综合征和原发性骨髓纤维化3组,3组患者腰椎和股骨颈骨密度以及骨量减少或骨质疏松症发病率差异均无统计学意义(P0.05);将患者分为骨量减少或骨质疏松组和正常骨量组,骨量减少或骨质疏松组患者36例,占总数67%,与正常骨量组相比,这些患者年龄大,接受输血治疗的时间长,糖尿病发病率高,血清白蛋白低以及血清铁蛋白高和转铁蛋白低;相关分析提示腰椎或股骨颈骨密度与体重指数、血红蛋白、红细胞压积、血清白蛋白和转铁蛋白呈正相关(P0.05),与年龄、输血治疗时间、血清铁蛋白呈负相关(P0.05);进一步行多元回归分析提示,年龄和血清铁蛋白是影响腰椎和股骨颈骨密度的主要因素,进一步矫正年龄因素,腰椎和股骨颈骨密度与血清铁蛋白呈负相关,相关系数分别为-0.53和-0.40(P0.05)。结论输血相关铁蓄积患者存在骨密度降低,骨密度与体内铁蓄积水平呈负相关。本研究为继发性铁蓄积与骨质疏松研究提供了新的临床数据。     

外源性胰岛素与绝经后2型糖尿病患者腰椎骨密度的相关性研究

目的探讨使用外源性胰岛素对绝经后2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者腰椎骨密度的影响。方法选取2018年3月至2019年8月在武汉科技大学附属孝感医院内分泌科住院的182例肝肾功能正常的绝经后T2DM患者为研究对象。收集患者的一般资料、标准OGTT、IRT及血常规结果。采用双能X线骨密度仪检测腰1-4椎体骨密度,根据T值水平将研究对象分为3组:骨量正常组(T≥-1,n=49)、骨量减少组(-2.5T-1,n=67)和骨质疏松组(T≤-2.5,n=66)。结果各组年龄、体质量指数(BMI)、外源性胰岛素使用率比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。其中骨质疏松组年龄大于骨量正常组和骨量减少组,骨质疏松组BMI小于骨量正常组和骨量减少组,骨质疏松组和骨量减少组外源性胰岛素使用率低于骨量正常组(P0.05)。相关性分析显示,骨密度与年龄呈负相关,与BMI呈正相关(P0.01)。有序Logistic回归分析显示,使用外源性胰岛素[OR=2.402,95%CI(1.305～4.419)]和高BMI[OR=1.171,95%CI(1.068～1.283)]是绝经后T2DM患者腰椎骨密度的保护因素,年龄[OR=0.910,95%CI(0.875～0.945)]是绝经后T2DM患者腰椎骨密度的危险因素(P0.01)。结论绝经后T2DM患者腰椎骨密度与血糖水平、胰岛β细胞功能无显著相关性;外源性胰岛素对绝经后T2DM患者腰椎骨密度的增加有益,其对骨密度的保护作用机制可能与内源性胰岛素不同。     

2型糖尿病患者骨密度与胰岛素样生长因子-1、白介素-1β的相关性研究

目的探讨2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者骨密度(BMD)与胰岛素样生长因子-1(IGF-1)、白介素-1β(IL-1β)水平的关系。方法选择2型糖尿病患者测定骨密度,并根据骨密度选取骨量正常组、骨量减少组、骨质疏松组各20例,另选取20例健康体检正常且骨量正常者作为对照组,测定IGF-1、IL-1β。结果(1)T2DM骨量减少组、骨质疏松组的IGF-1浓度低于T2DM骨量正常组及正常对照组(P0.005)(2)T2DM骨质疏松组的IL-1β浓度高于T2DM骨量正常组及正常对照组(P0.005),高于T2DM骨量减少组(P0.05)。结论2型糖尿病患者随着骨密度的下降,IGF-1逐渐减少,IL-1β逐渐增加,二者可能影响2型糖尿病患者骨密度的变化。     

2型糖尿病男性患者骨密度与性激素水平关系的研究

目的通过比较不同骨密度(bone mineral density,BMD)状态的2型糖尿病(type 2 diabetes mellitus,T2DM)男性患者性激素水平的差异,进一步探讨性激素与T2DM男性患者BMD的关系。方法收集2013年6月至2015年1月我院住院的男性T2DM患者84例,年龄在45~60岁。采用美国Norland双能X线骨密度检测仪对所有患者进行第1~4腰椎(L1~L4)、股骨颈(FN)及全髋(TH)部位BMD检测,根据BMD分为骨量正常组和骨量异常组(包括骨量减少和骨质疏松)。测定身高、体重、SBP、DBP等一般情况指标,并计算体重指数(body mass index,BMI);FBG、PBG、Hb Alc等糖代谢指标;TC、TG、LDL等脂代谢指标,T、E2、LH及FSH。结果 1与骨量正常组相比,骨量异常组病程更长,BMI更低,E2及T水平也显著降低。2相关分析显示,T与L1~L4、FN及TH三个部位BMD均呈正相关;E2仅与TH的BMD呈正相关;TC、LDL分别与FN的BMD呈负相关。3多元线性回归分析显示,在T2DM男性患者中,T及TC是影响FN的BMD的主要因素,而E2、LH、FSH未进入回归模型。结论 E2、T等性激素水平,TC、LDL等脂代谢指标与男性T2DM患者BMD相关,其中性激素中T是影响T2DM男性患者BMD的独立危险因素。     

中老年2型糖尿病患者骨密度水平与代谢指标及并发症相关性分析

目的探讨中老年2型糖尿病(type 2 diabetic mellitus,T2DM)患者腰椎骨密度(bone mineral density,BMD)与代谢指标及糖尿病并发症的关系。方法回顾性分析228例中老年T2DM患者的住院资料,按腰椎1～4(L1-L4)BMD的水平分为骨量正常组(T-1.0SD)、骨量减少组(-2.5 SDT≤-1.0 SD)及骨质疏松组(T≤-2.5 SD),比较各组临床资料、血糖控制、代谢指标、糖尿病并发症情况,并分析腰椎BMD与各指标的相关性。结果 (1)随骨密度下降,体质量指数(body mass index,BMI)下降,女性比例、感觉阈值(vibration perception threshold,VPT)增加,差异有统计学意义(P0.01);骨质疏松组年龄、糖化血清白蛋白(glycated albumin,GA)大于骨量正常及骨量减少组(P0.01),且发生糖尿病足病明显增加(P0.05);骨质疏松组病程、空腹及餐后2 h血糖大于骨量减少组(P0.05),腰围、尿酸、甘油三酯低于骨量正常组(P0.01),高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、血镁高于骨量正常组(P0.05);骨量减少组碱性磷酸酶高于骨量正常组(P0.05),腰围(P0.05)、尿酸(P0.01)、总胆固醇(P0.05)低于骨量正常组。(2)相关分析提示,腰椎BMD与年龄、性别(女)、GA、HDL-C、血镁、VPT(异常)呈负相关(P0.05);与腰围、BMI、尿酸、甘油三酯呈正相关(P0.01)。(3)以腰椎骨密度为因变量,进一步行多重线性回归分析,结果显示BMI、性别(女)、VPT(异常)、尿酸差异有统计学意义。结论女性患者和感觉阈值异常是T2DM患者骨密度降低的独立危险因素,而适当高BMI及高尿酸则是骨密度降低的保护因素。     

不同性别老年2型糖尿病患者视网膜病变与骨质疏松的相关性研究

目的探讨不同性别的老年2型糖尿病(type 2 diabetes mellitus,T2DM)患者视网膜病变与骨质疏松的相关性。方法选取我院老年病科住院的老年T2DM患者250例,其中老年男性T2DM组132例,老年女性T2DM组118例,通过眼底检查,每组各再分为两组:视网膜病变组DR(+)、非视网膜病变组DR(-),分别记录患者的一般情况、年龄、糖尿病病程、饮酒史、吸烟史、体质量指数(body mass index,BMI),采用化学仪检测空腹血糖(fasting blood glucose,FBG)、糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)、微量蛋白尿、血脂,双能X线吸收仪测定腰椎、股骨颈和全髋骨密度值。结果老年男性T2DM组中校正年龄、BMI、吸烟史、饮酒史等混杂因素后,与DR(-)组相比,DR(+)组腰椎、髋骨、股骨颈骨密度相比差异无统计学意义(P0.05);老年女性T2DM组中校正年龄、BMI、吸烟史、饮酒史等混杂因素后,与DR(-)组相比,DR(+)组腰椎、髋骨骨密度值偏低,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论本研究显示不同性别的糖尿病视网膜病变与骨质疏松相关性有差异,老年男性T2DM患者视网膜病变与骨质疏松无明显相关性,而老年女性T2DM患者视网膜病变与骨质疏松存在一定相关性,积极预防老年女性糖尿病视网膜病变可能在延缓骨质疏松发生发展中起到一定作用。     

Osteogenesis after Bone and Bone Marrow Transplantation: II. The Initial Cellular Events Following Transplantation of Decalcified Allografis of Cancellous Bone

An experimental study was done in rabbits to investigate the fate of allogeneic iliac cancellous bone, both non-decalcified and decalcified with hydrochloric acid, transplanted to a muscular site for up to 14 days. Some of the treated allografts were impregnated with autologous bone marrow cells, obtained from the femoral medulla by aspiration, and each was compared with allografts alone. Combined myelo-osseous grafts produced bone after 7 to 8 days implantation, as did marrow autografts alone. In addition non-decalcified implants stimulated the production of multinucleated giant cells. Three different types of wash solution were used but these did not influence the cell population seen, nor the new bone formation. It is concluded that the critical events in bone formation after transplantation occur less than 8 days after the transplantation and that marrow cells have osteogenic capacity. This has relevance to the clinical aspects of bone grafting.     

Bone cement with reduced proportion of monomer in total hip arthroplasty: Preclinical evaluation and randomized study of 47 cases with 5 years' follow-up

Bone cement with reduced amount of monomer and low curing temperature may improve implant fixation due to reduced toxicity. We analyzed the mechanical, chemical and thermal properties of such a cement (Cemex Rx) using Palacos R as control. The in vivo performance of the 2 cements was also evaluated in a prospective randomized study of 47 hips, where either of the cement types was used to fixate Lubinus SP2 prostheses with the stem made of titanium alloy. Cemex Rx had a reduced tensile strength, probably because this cement was manually mixed, as recommended by the manufacturer. A standardized laboratory test showed lower curing temperature for Cemex, but measurements at 37° and with prechilled Palacos R and Cemex Rx, as in clinical work, showed no difference. In the clinical study radiostereometric measurements of cup and stem migration showed similar values in the 2 groups up to 5 years after the operation. The cement mantle was stable in both groups, but the stems migrated similarly inside the cement mantle regardless of the type of cement used. Proximal wear was low (0.04-0.05 mm/year) and tended to be lower in the Cemex group (p = 0.02). Aluminum and vanadium levels in serum increased 5 years after the operation, but no difference was noted between the 2 groups. Collagen markers (PICP, ICTP) showed similar increases in bone turnover 6 weeks and 6 months after operation in both groups.     

重组合异种骨植骨修复骨囊肿所致骨缺损

2001年10月～2003年9月，笔者共收治28例骨囊肿患者，均采用病灶刮除，瘤腔灭活和重组合异种骨植骨治疗，获得满意疗效，体会如下。     

Building better bone: The weaving of biologic and engineering strategies for managing bone loss

Segmental bone loss remains a challenging clinical problem for orthopaedic trauma surgeons. In addition to the missing bone itself, the local tissues (soft tissue, vascular) are often highly traumatized as well, resulting in a less than ideal environment for bone regeneration. As a result, attempts at limb salvage become a highly expensive endeavor, often requiring multiple operations and necessitating the use of every available strategy (autograft, allograft, bone graft substitution, Masquelet, bone transport, etc.) to achieve bony union. A cost‐sensitive, functionally appropriate, and volumetrically adequate engineered substitute would be practice‐changing for orthopaedic trauma surgeons and these patients with difficult clinical problems. In tissue engineering and bone regeneration fields, numerous research efforts continue to make progress toward new therapeutic interventions for segmental bone loss, including novel biomaterial development as well as cell‐based strategies. Despite an ever‐evolving literature base of these new therapeutic and engineered options, there remains a disconnect with the clinical practice, with very few translating into clinical use. A symposium entitled “Building better bone: The weaving of biologic and engineering strategies for managing bone loss,” was presented at the 2016 Orthopaedic Research Society Conference to further explore this engineering‐clinical disconnect, by surveying basic, translational, and clinical researchers along with orthopaedic surgeons and proposing ideas for pushing the bar forward in the field of segmental bone loss. © 2017 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 35:1855–1864, 2017.

     

Bone microstructure at the distal tibia provides a strength advantage to males in late puberty: An HR‐pQCT study

Bone is a complex structure with many levels of organization. Advanced imaging tools such as high‐resolution (HR) peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT) provide the opportunity to investigate how components of bone microstructure differ between the sexes and across developmental periods. The aim of this study was to quantify the age‐ and sex‐related differences in bone microstructure and bone strength in adolescent males and females. We used HR‐pQCT (XtremeCT, Scanco Medical, Geneva, Switzerland) to assess total bone area (ToA), total bone density (ToD), trabecular bone density (TrD), cortical bone density (CoD), cortical thickness (Cort.Th), trabecular bone volume (BV/TV), trabecular number (Tb.N), trabecular thickness (Tb.Th), trabecular separation (Tb.Sp), trabecular spacing standard deviation (Tb.Sp SD), and bone strength index (BSI, mg²/mm⁴) at the distal tibia in 133 females and 146 males (15 to 20 years of age). We used a general linear model to determine differences by age‐ and sex‐group and age × sex interactions (p < 0.05). Across age categories, ToD, CoD, Cort.Th, and BSI were significantly lower at 15 and 16 years compared with 17 to 18 and 19 to 20 years in males and females. There were no differences in ToA, TrD, and BV/TV across age for either sex. Between sexes, males had significantly greater ToA, TrD, Cort.Th, BV/TV, Tb.N, and BSI compared with females; CoD and Tb.Sp SD were significantly greater for females in every age category. Males' larger and denser bones confer a bone‐strength advantage from a young age compared with females. These structural differences could represent bones that are less able to withstand loads in compression in females. © 2010 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research     

感染性骨缺损的治疗及研究进展

感染性骨缺损由于存在感染及骨缺损双重病变,治疗棘手,疗程长,且易出现肌肉萎缩、局部瘢痕而致肢体功能受到严重影响.近年来随着外固定技术、显微外科技术、生物材料技术及骨组织工程技术等的发展,感染性骨缺损的治疗取得明显进步,短缩了治疗时间,且效果显著,笔者对其研究进展综述如下.     

The benefit of bone marrow concentrate in addition to a glass‐reinforced hydroxyapatite for bone regeneration: An in vivo ovine study

This study evaluates the ability of a Glass Reinforced Hydroxyapatite Composite (GRHC), in a new microporous pellet formulation with autologous bone marrow concentrate (BMC), to enhance bone regeneration and new bone formation. Ninety non‐critical sized bone defects were created in the femurs of nine Merino breed sheep and randomly left unfilled (group A), filled with GRHC pellets alone (group B) or filled with GRHC pellets combined with BMC (group C). The sheep were sacrificed at 3 weeks (three sheep), 6 weeks (three sheep) and 12 weeks (three sheep) and histological analysis (Light Microscopy‐LM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and histomorphometric analysis (HM) were performed. At 3, 6, and 12 weeks, HM revealed an average percentage of new bone of 48, 72, 83%; 25, 73, 80%, and 16, 38, 78% for Groups C, B and A respectively (significantly different only at 3 weeks p < 0.05). LM and SEM evaluation revealed earlier formation of well‐organized mature lamellar bone in Group C. This study demonstrates that the addition of a bone marrow concentrate to a glass reinforced hydroxyapatite composite in a pellet formulation promotes early bone healing. © 2017 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 35:1176–1182, 2017.

     

Massive bone reconstruction with heat‐treated bone graft loaded autologous bone marrow‐derived stromal cells and β‐tricalcium phosphate composites in canine models

Bone marrow‐derived stromal cells (BMSCs) contain mesenchymal stem cells that are capable of forming various mesenchymal tissues. We hypothesized that BMSCs and β‐tricalcium phosphate (β‐TCP) composites would promote the remodeling of large‐sized autologous devitalized bone grafts; therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of the composites on the remodeling of autologous devitalized bone grafts. Autologous BMSCs cultured in culture medium containing dexamethasone (10^?7 M) were loaded into porous β‐TCP granules under low‐pressure. Theses BMSC/TCP composites were put into the bone marrow cavity of autologous heat‐treated bone (femoral diaphysis, 65‐mm long, 100°C, 30 min) and put back to the harvest site. In the contralateral side, β‐TCP without BMSC were used in the same manner as the opposite side as the control. Treatment with the BMSC/TCP composites resulted in a significant increase in thickness, bone mineral density, and matured bone volume of the cortical bone at the center of the graft compared to the control. Histological analysis showed matured regenerated bone in the BMSC loaded group. These results indicate that BMSC/TCP composites facilitated bone regeneration and maturation at the graft site of large‐sized devitalized bone. This method could potentially be applied for clinical use in the reconstruction of large bone defects such as those associated with bone tumors. © 2013 Orthopaedic Research Society Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 31:1308–1316, 2013

     

The Penetration of Lincomycin into Normal Human Bone: Determinations of Penetration into Compact Bone, Spongy Bone and Bone Marrow

The penetration of lincomycin into normal bone was studied in 10 patients with fracture of the neck of the femur, a separate determination being made of the lincomycin concentration in serum, bone marrow, spongy bone and compact bone. The concentration of lincomycin in bone marrow was found to be at the same level as that in the serum. The concentration in spongy bone amounted in most cases to 50 to 75 per cent of the concentration in the serum, whereas the concentration in compact bone varied from 0 to 15 per cent of that in the serum.     

Oxyphenbutazone (Tanderil®) in Surgery for Herniated Discs: A Double Blind Trial

Background and purpose In detection of glenoid labrum pathology, MR arthrography (MRA) has shown sensitivities of 88-100% and specificities of 89-93%. However, our practice suggested that there may be a higher frequency of falsely negative reports. We assessed the accuracy of this costly modality in practice.

Patients and methods We retrospectively reviewed MRA reports of 90 consecutive patients with clinical shoulder instability who had undergone shoulder arthroscopy. All had a history of traumatic anterior shoulder dislocation and had positive anterior apprehension tests. All underwent arthroscopy and stabilization during the same procedure. We compared the findings, using arthroscopic findings as the gold standard in the identification of glenoid labrum pathology.

Results 83 of the 90 patients had glenoid labrum tears at arthroscopy. Only 54 were correctly identified at MRA. All normal glenoid labra were identified at MRA. This gave a sensitivity of 65% and a specificity of 100% in identification of all types of glenoid labrum tear. 74 patients had anterior glenoid labral tears that were detected at an even lower rate of sensitivity (58%).

Interpretation The sensitivity of MRA in this series was substantially lower than previously published, suggesting that MRA may not be as reliable a diagnostic imaging modality in glenohumeral instability as previously thought. Our findings highlight the importance of an accurate history and clinical examination in the management of glenohumeral instability. The need for MRA may not be as high as is currently believed.