癌-睾丸抗原SSX基因在肝细胞癌中的表达及临床意义

目的: 检测癌-睾丸抗原SSX1-5 mRNA在肝细胞癌(HCC)组织中的表达, 探讨其用于HCC免疫治疗的可能性.方法: 采用逆转录-聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)技术, 检测61例HCC组织及52例配对的HCC癌旁组织中SSX1-5 mRNA, 结合临床相关指标进行统计学分析. 随机抽取PCR阳性产物进行DNA测序.结果: SSX1、SSX2、SSX4和SSX5 mRNA在HCC中的表达率分别为42.6%(26/61)、8.2%(5/61)、39.3%(24/61)和6.6%(4/61);未检测到SSX3的表达. 在癌旁组织中, 未检测到SSX1-5 mRNA;HCC组织中, 至少表达1个SSX基因者达50.8%(31/61);表达2个或2个以上者达32.8%(20/61), 表达3个或3个以上者达9.8%(6/61), 同时表达4个者达3.3%(2/61). SSX的表达与临床相关指标关系的分析结果显示:门静脉癌栓形成与SSX1的表达、患者的年龄与SSX4的表达均具有显著性差异( P<0.05);DNA测序证实PCR阳性产物为目的基因.结论: SSX1、SSX2、SSX4和SSX5在HCC组织中表达频率不尽相同, 但具有较强的特异性, 提示有可能成为HCC免疫治疗的靶抗原.     

肝细胞癌肿瘤抑制基因p53过度表达及点突变的研究

目的检测重庆地区肝细胞癌 p53突变发生率,并进一步探讨 p53突变与肝细胞癌临床病理及相关危险因素的关系.方法应用一种敏感的 ARF 免疫组化和 PCR、银染 PCR-SSCP 方法检测本地区38例肝细胞癌(HCC)组织中肿瘤抑制基因p53的过度表达及点突变.结果 16例有P53蛋白过度表达(41.2%),7例有 p53基因249位密码子点突变(18.4%),2例249位密码子外第7外显子点突变.9例 p53基因有突变的肝癌中8例 P53蛋白阳性,两者符合率为88.9%.p53基因蛋白过度表达和点突变与 HCC 分化和转移有关.本组 HCC p53基因突变率与该地区黄曲霉素(AFB1)含量及乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)感染分布一致.结论该结果提示 p53基因突变与 AFB1和 HBV 等环境因素的协同作用有关,其中 AFB1主要与 p53基因249位密码子特异型突变有关,而 HBV 可能在散发型突变中发挥重要作用.     

MAGE-A1、MAGE-C2及SSX-1在原发性肝细胞癌中的表达及意义

目的 检测肿瘤-睾丸抗原(CT抗原)MAGE-A1、MAGE-C2和SSX-1 mRNA在原发性肝细胞癌(HCC)中的表达情况.方法 采用RT-PCR方法检测MAGE-A1、MAGE-C2和SSX-1 mRNA在55例HCC患者癌及癌旁组织中的表达,对产物进行测序,并对检测结果与临床指标进行分析.结果 55例HCC患者的癌组织中,MAGE-A1、MAGE-C2和SSX-1 mRNA的表达率分别为60.0%、14.5%和40.0%;癌旁组织无表达.结论 CT抗原MAGE-A1、MAGE-C2和SSX-1 mRNA在HCC中呈高表达,是HCC免疫治疗的理想靶位.     

p14ARF基因变异及其产物表达与甲状腺肿瘤的关系

目的探讨甲状腺肿瘤p14ARF基因变异及其产物的表达与甲状腺肿瘤发生发展的关系.方法应用双重PCR和免疫组化SP法分别检测20例甲状腺腺瘤和28例甲状腺癌组织中p14ARF基因纯合性缺失及其蛋白表达.28例甲状腺癌中,11例甲状腺滤泡癌、12例乳头状癌、4例髓样癌、1例未分化癌.结果①p14ARF基因在甲状腺腺瘤及癌中的纯合性缺失率分别为5.0%、42.9%,二者有显著性差异(P＜0.01). ②p14ARF蛋白在甲状腺腺瘤及癌中的阳性率分别为90.0%、35.7%,二者有显著性差异(P＜0.05).结论①甲状腺肿瘤p14ARF基因纯合性缺失是其蛋白表达失活的重要机制之一,与甲状腺肿瘤的发生发展密切相关.②p14ARF可能是甲状腺肿瘤的分子标志物之一,可作为鉴别甲状腺腺瘤与滤泡癌的辅助指标.     

精氨酸酶1在肝细胞癌中的表达及其临床病理意义

目的 检测人类精氨酸酶1(ARG1)在肝细胞癌(HCC)中的表达,分析其与患者临床病理特征的关系.方法 利用高通量组织芯片技术和免疫组织化学方法评价167例HCC及癌旁肝组织中ARG1蛋白的表达情况,采用x2检验和Spearman秩相关分析ARG1蛋白表达与各临床病理特征间的关系.应用实时荧光定量PCR方法检测68例HCC及其癌旁肝组织中的ARG1 mRNA表达水平.结果 HCC中ARG1蛋白表达水平为3.540±3.702,明显低于癌旁肝组织(10.290±2.303;t=-22.421,P=0.000).ARG1表达与HCC分化程度、组织学分级、微血管侵犯、术前甲胎蛋白水平、术后复发有关(P值均＜0.05).68例HCC组织中ARG1 mRNA表达水平为0.0997(0.213),低于癌旁肝组织0.563(0.459);u=-6.544,P=0.000].结论 ARG1在HCC中低表达,其可能参与HCC发生发展.检测ARG1表达可能有助于HCC辅助诊断、评估分化程度及预后判断.     

OY-TES-1在肝细胞癌中的表达及抗体血清学分析

目的:了解OY-TES-1在肝细胞癌(HCC)中的表达及其抗体出现情况,探讨将OY-TES-1用于肿瘤免疫诊疗的可能性.方法:利用实时定量PCR和免疫组织化学技术,从mRNA和蛋白质两个水平研究OY-TES-1在HcC中的表达特点;采用酶联免疫吸附实验检测HCC患者及正常人血清中相应的抗体,并对其临床意义做初步的分析.结果:经实时定量PCR检测,HCC中OY-TES-1mRNA阳性率为73.21%(41/56),癌旁阳性率为64.86%(24/37),有17对HCC及配对癌旁组织均表达阳性,OY-TES-1mRNA在HCC及癌旁组织两者的表达阳性率无差异(P>0.05);在37对HCC及配对癌旁组织中,HCC中OY-TES-1mRNA水平明显高于对应的癌旁组织,其差异与病理分级有关CP<0.05).HCC中OY-TES-1蛋白阳性率为40%(4/10).血清学检测未发现76例正常人和17例肝硬化患者血清中有相应抗体,HCC患者血清抗体阳性率为20%(12/58),OY-TES-1血清抗体的出现与HCC患者的年龄、性别等临床资料无相关.结论:OY-TES-1在HCC中有较高的表达频率及表达水平,该蛋白具有较强的免疫原性,他有望作为用于HCC辅助诊断及免疫治疗的肿瘤抗原.     

p14ARF基因甲基化及蛋白表达在直肠癌中的作用

目的:研究p14ARF基因甲基化及蛋白表达在直肠癌中的作用,探讨p14ARF基因与直肠癌生物学行为的关系.方法:采用MSP方法(甲基化特异性PCR)检测30例直肠癌组织、腺瘤组织、正常黏膜组织p14ARF基因甲基化情况.采用RT-PCR方法(半定量逆转录PCR)检测P14ARF基因在大肠癌组织、腺瘤组织、正常黏膜组织中的表达情况及采用免疫组织化学法(SP法)检测p14ARF蛋白在这些组织中的表达情况,然后用t检验及卡方检验对其数据进行分析.结果:p14ARF基因在30例直肠癌组织、腺瘤组织、直肠正常黏膜组织中表达量分别为0.283±0.011,0.721±0.023,0.958±0.015.直肠癌组织中P14AR基因表达低于腺瘤组织(P<0.05),明显低于直肠正常黏膜组织(P<0.01),三者差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).P14ARF蛋白在30例直肠癌组织、腺瘤组织、正常黏膜组织中表达率分别为20.0%、56.7%、76.7%.p14ARF蛋白在正常组织中的表达高于直肠腺瘤(P<0.05),明显高于直肠癌组织(P<0.01):p14ARF甲基化在30例直肠癌组织、腺瘤组织、正常黏膜组织中表达率分别为46.6%、20.0%、0.0%.三者差异有统计学意义.p14ARF基因甲基化与直肠癌分化程度及淋巴转移密切相关(P<0.05).结论:p14ARF甲基化可能参与了直肠腺瘤-腺癌的演变过程,可能是直肠癌发生的早期事件.p14ARF甲基化状态可作为直肠癌患者早期诊断的一个生物学指标.     

子宫颈癌组织中p14ARF的表达及意义

目的 探讨p14ARF在宫颈癌、上皮内瘤变(CIN)及正常宫颈组织中的表达及临床意义.方法 采用免疫组化SP法检测30例正常宫颈组织、20例CIN组织和52例子宫颈鳞癌组织中p14ARF的表达.结果 在正常宫颈组织中p14ARF蛋白呈阴性表达;在CIN组织及宫颈癌组织中呈过表达,阳性率分别为30.0%(6/20)、63.5%(33/52)(P＜0.05).p14ARF蛋白在有淋巴转移宫颈癌组织中阳性表达率为85.0%,无淋巴转移者为50.0%(P＜0.05).p14ARF蛋白在组织分级G3期阳性率为90.9%与G1期(33.3%)相比,P＜0.05.结论 p14ARF的过表达发生在宫颈癌和癌前病变阶段,可作为一种肿瘤标记物用于宫颈癌的临床筛查及诊断.     

mTOR/P70S6K信号通路在肝细胞肝癌中的表达及临床意义

目的:研究mTOR/P70S6K信号通路在肝细胞肝癌(HCC)中的表达,探讨其在HCC发生发展中的作用及意义.方法:用逆转录聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)技术检测120例HCC患者癌组织、癌旁肝组织以及10例正常肝组织中mTOR及P70S6K mRNA表达情况;并分析mTOR及P70S6K mRNA的表达与相关临床参数的关系.结果:mTOR及P70S6K mRNA在HCC组织中的表达水平显著高于在癌旁肝组织和正常肝组织中的表达水平(mTOR mRNA:0.594±0.218 vs 0.437±0.156.0.594±0.218 vs 0.383±0.081,均P＜0.05;P70S6K mRNA:0.610±0.147 vs 0.486±0.162.0.610±0.147 vs 0.440±0.141,均P＜0.05).mTOR mRNA和P70S6KmRNA在HCC组织中的表达呈正相关(r=0.548,P=0.012),且两者在癌旁肝组织及正常肝组织中的表达亦正相关性(r=0.607,0.737,P=0.005,0.015).mTOR及P70S6K mRNA在HCC组织中的表达水平与病理分期、门静脉癌栓等明显相关,而与肿瘤直径、血清AFP水平、性别等无明显关系.结论:mTOR/P70S6K信号通路在HCC中特异性激活.mTOR/P70S6K信号通路可能在肝细胞肝癌的发生、发展中起重要作用.     

中国北方人群p14~（ARF）启动子甲基化与原发性肝癌的临床相关性

目的通过对中国北方人群原发性肝癌p14ARF启动子甲基化的分析,探讨p14ARF基因启动子甲基化与原发性肝癌的临床相关性。方法通过甲基化特异性PCR（MSP）方法检测111例原发性肝癌组织和22例癌旁组织中p14ARF基因启动子甲基化状况,然后与肿瘤种类、病因、病理以及肿瘤分期等临床数据进行关联。结果肝细胞癌组织及癌旁组织中p14ARF基因启动子甲基化频率分别为33.7%（29/86）和5.0%（1/20）,二者差异有统计学意义（P=0.010）。肝细胞癌p14ARF基因的启动子甲基化频率在不同肿瘤分期显著相关（P=0.027）,而与肿瘤细胞分化程度以及是否感染HBV无关,肝内胆管细胞癌p14ARF基因启动子甲基化频率在不同肿瘤分期、有无HBV感染以及不同肿瘤细胞分化程度之间的差异均无统计学意义。结论肝细胞癌中p14ARF基因启动子甲基化可能是p14ARF基因失活并影响TP53功能的方式之一,p14ARF基因启动子甲基化可能与肝细胞癌发生发展相关。     

Cement and Concrete Nanoscience and Nanotechnology

Concrete science is a multidisciplinary area of research where nanotechnology potentially offers the opportunity to enhance the understanding of concrete behavior, to engineer its properties and to lower production and ecological cost of construction materials. Recent work at the National Research Council Canada in the area of concrete materials research has shown the potential of improving concrete properties by modifying the structure of cement hydrates, addition of nanoparticles and nanotubes and controlling the delivery of admixtures. This article will focus on a review of these innovative achievements.     

Medical and Psychology Students' Knowledge and Attitudes Regarding Aging and Sexuality

The current study surveys medical and doctoral psychology students (N = 100) from an urban northeastern university regarding knowledge and attitudes toward elderly sexuality and aging using the Facts on Aging Quiz, the Aging Sexuality Knowledge and Attitudes Scale, and measures of interest in gerontology, academic/clinical exposure to aging and sexuality, and contact with elders. The current study found that psychology students demonstrated greater aging knowledge than medical students; however, both groups showed gaps in knowledge about sexuality. Married students had greater academic/clinical exposure and greater knowledge about aging but less permissive attitudes toward elderly sexuality. Generally, knowledge about aging was the strongest correlate of knowledge about sexuality. Level of knowledge about sexuality was not associated with attitudes. Attitudes toward sexuality and aging may be more strongly tied to demographic variables reflective of religious beliefs or adherence to sociocultural norms.     

Leptin and cellular and innate immunity in abstinent alcoholics and controls

BACKGROUND: Basic studies indicate that in vitro and in vivo doses of leptin modulate cellular immune responses. Given evidence that concentrations of leptin are altered in alcoholics who also show immune abnormalities, this study examined the relationships between circulating levels of leptin and markers of cellular and innate immunity. METHODS: Circulating levels of leptin, natural killer cell (NK) activity, interleukin-2 (IL-2)-stimulated NK activity, and concanavalin A-stimulated production of IL-2, IL-6, IL-10, and IL-12 were compared between abstinent DSM-IV alcohol-dependent men (n = 27) and age- and gender-matched controls (n = 34). RESULTS: As compared with controls, alcoholics showed lower NK activity (p < 0.01) and a trend for lower levels of leptin (p = 0.055). In the total sample, leptin predicted NK activity (beta = 0.33; p < 0.05) after controlling for the confounding influence of body mass index, alcohol intake, and smoking. Leptin was not correlated with any of the cytokine measures. To examine whether the effects of leptin were mediated by its direct action on NK, additional studies examined in vitro effects of leptin on NK activity in healthy volunteers (n = 10); leptin doses (0.1, 1, and 10 nM) yielded levels of NK activity comparable to those with media alone. CONCLUSIONS: These data show that circulating levels of leptin are associated with NK activity in humans and suggest that abnormal in vivo concentrations of leptin may contribute to the declines of NK activity in alcoholics who are at risk for infectious diseases.     

慢性饮酒、吸烟与骨质疏松的相关性研究

目的 探讨长期大量慢性饮酒、吸烟等不良生活方式与骨质疏松的关系.方法 以乏力、腰背痛、双下肢酸困为主诉,且有长期大量慢性饮酒史、吸烟史,无其他慢性疾病史的年轻男性患者45例为观察对象,测定其血钙(Ca)、血磷(P)和血肌酐(Cr)、尿素氮(BUN)、血糖(Glu)、天门冬酸氨基转移酶(AST)、丙氨酸基转移酶(ALT)、血清碱性磷酸酶(ALP)、甲状腺功能、全段甲状旁腺激素(iPTH)、1,25-二羟维生素D3[1,25-(OH) 2D3]、双能X线骨密度仪测定腰椎L1-4及左侧股骨近段(包括颈、股骨颈上部、大粗隆)骨密度(BMD),分析饮酒、吸烟对骨量的影响.以感冒发热就诊、年龄相当、无饮酒、吸烟史及慢性疾病史的45例男性为对照组.结果 观察组1,25(OH)2D3水平均降低,血钙水平偏低,血磷正常,碱性磷酸酶呈不同程度地升高,骨密度T值提示观察组27例骨质疏松,12例骨量减少,6例正常骨量;而对照组仅有6例为骨量减少,1例骨质疏松,38例为正常骨量,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 长期慢性大量饮酒吸烟影响骨量,甚至易导致骨质疏松.     

自身免疫与动脉粥样硬化的发生发展

在动脉粥样硬化的发生发展过程中,自身免疫具有重要作用,本文就近年有关动脉粥样硬化的免疫机制的研究进展作一简要综述.     

Neutropenia and agranulocytosis in England and Wales: incidence and risk factors

The objectives of this study were to estimate the incidence of idiosyncratic neutropenia and agranulocytosis in England and Wales and to evaluate their risk factors and outcomes. The study was conducted using data from the General Practice Research Database. All cases of idiosyncratic neutropenia or agranulocytosis were identified and the incidence was estimated. This was followed by a nested case-control study, estimating odds ratios with drug exposure from conditional logistic regression. From 1987 to 1999, 3,224 patients with idiosyncratic neutropenia (50 with agranulocytosis) were identified. The incidences of neutropenia and agranulocytosis were estimated to be 120 and 7 cases per million people per year, respectively. The adjusted odds ratios for neutropenia were 34.7 (95% confidence interval 12.0-99.7) for current users of thyroid inhibitors, 9.5 (4.4-20.8) for users of disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs, and 7.6 (4.9-11.9) for users of aminosalicylates. Other drugs with statistically significantly increased risks of neutropenia included antibacterial drugs, non-opioid analgesics, NSAIDs, antidepressants, ulcer-healing drugs, and anti-epileptics. The increase in risk of neutropenia predominantly occurred during the first months of treatment. For most drugs investigated in this study, there was no relationship to daily dose. The excess 1-year mortality was low among neutropenia and agranulocytosis cases and mostly explained by the underlying disease state. In conclusion, the highest risks of neutropenia were generally found in patients starting treatment. The excess 1-year mortality was low among neutropenia and agranulocytosis cases and can be mostly explained by the underlying disease state.     

中青年超重和肥胖与高血压及高同型半胱氨酸血症的相关性研究

目的探讨中青年超重和肥胖与高血压及高同型半胱氨酸血症的相关性。方法选取2012年1月—2013年10月在我院进行常规健康体检者750例,测量受试者血压、身高、体质量及血清同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)水平。结果男性超重、肥胖检出率分别为36.87%(198/537)和13.97%(75/537),均高于女性的16.43%(35/213)和7.50%(16/213)(P0.05)。超重者和肥胖者高血压和高同型半胱氨酸血症检出率分别为21.03%(49/233)和11.16%(26/233)、46.12%(42/91)和41.76%(38/91),均高于正常者的9.16%(37/404)和2.23%(9/404),肥胖者高于超重者(P0.01)。收缩压(SBP)、舒张压(DBP)及血清Hcy与BMI呈正相关(r值分别为0.639、0.515、0.497,P0.01)。结论中青年尤其是男性超半数存在超重或肥胖,高血压及高同型半胱氨酸血症与BMI呈正相关,超重和肥胖者高血压及高同型半胱氨酸血症的发生率高,应积极防治。