高原汽车驾驶员的腰痛与防护

目的 对高原汽车驾驶员的腰痛进行流行病学调查，分析产生疼痛的原因，并对其防护措施的疗效进行观察和研究。方法 通过对1132名高原驾驶员的问卷调查和抽样体检对高原汽车腰痛状况进行分析。通过腰部振动情况测量和大样本干预试验，对驾驶员佩带腰带和腰痛部按摩法防治腰痛的疗效进行研究。结果 高原汽车驾驶员腰痛的患病率为86．1％。高原汽车驾驶员高发腰痛是多种因素综合作用的结果。腰带和腰背部按摩可以减轻驾驶员的腰痛程度。结论 高原汽车驾驶员是一个高发腰痛的特殊职业人群，病因较为复杂；其腰痛是可以预防的。     

劳动卫生

花岗石板材加工业工人职业健康现状调查，玻璃制品业高温作业对工人生理功能的影响，汞作业者肾脏损害早期指标研究，飞行员吸烟量对血脂异常的影响，高原汽车部队驾驶员腰椎的保护和腰痛的防治.     

汽车驾驶员腰椎保护带的研制和防治腰痛的初步效果观察

目的　自行设计汽车驾驶员专用腰椎保护带 (腰带 ) ,并初步观察其对驾驶员腰痛的防护疗效。方法　对 434名男性高原汽车驾驶员 (平均年龄 2 5 7岁 ) ,在佩带腰带和不佩带腰带长途驾驶后腰痛状况进行问卷式调查。自身对照后行统计学处理。结果　统计结果表明 ,佩带腰带后腰痛程度明显减轻 ,差异有非常显著性 (P <0 0 0 1)。结论　驾驶员专用腰椎保护带从改变脊柱的生物力学特性和振动特性两方面起到了缓解腰痛的作用 ,但对驾驶员腰椎疾患的防护作用尚须长期观察     

汽车驾驶员的心电图分析

随着我国交通运输事业的发展.汽车数量迅速增加,汽车驾驶员的职业危害已引起人们高度重视。国内已有不少研究者报道汽车驾驶员的脊椎退行性变、胃病、高血压、关节炎、痔疮、关痛、头晕、耳鸣等疾病的发生与职业危害因素有关。为进一步了解职业因素对汽车驾驶员心血管的影响,作者对710名大货车驾     

汽车驾驶员皮肤损害调查

随机对1112名汽车驾驶员进行了皮肤科专项检查,以其了解汽车驾驶员皮肤病发病情况,并探讨与职业因素的关系。1112名驾驶员全部为男性,年龄20～60岁,工龄1～40年。所接触的职业有害因素有汽油,柴油及其     

应用肌电中值频率对高原汽车驾驶员腰背肌疲劳的监测研究

目的　研究高原汽车驾驶员腰痛高发的原因 ,为腰痛防护措施的制定提供客观依据。方法　在野外工作现场对 2 6名驾驶员连续数日作业过程中腰部肌肉疲劳的发展过程与肌电功率谱中值频率的衰减进行了研究。结果　第 1～ 5个工作日后驾驶员腰部肌肉肌电中值频率的衰减率(% /s)分别为 :- 0 .2 58± 0 .0 87、- 0 .2 4 8± 0 .0 70 ,- 0 .2 56± 0 .0 97、- 0 .2 67± 0 .0 93、- 0 .2 74± 0 .0 81 ,与基础值 (- 0 .1 75± 0 .1 1 4 )比较 ,差异均有显著性 (P <0 .0 5 ,P <0 .0 1 ) ,且中值频率的衰减随工作时间的延长而增大 (r=- 0 .80 9,P <0 .0 5)。结论　高原汽车驾驶员腰痛高发是由于连续长途驾驶造成腰背肌疲劳累积 ,又得不到及时恢复 ,腰背肌耐力下降 ,易疲劳性增加 ,致使腰背肌功能紊乱     

汽车驾驶员的高血压危险因素分析

目的了解汽车驾驶员的原发性高血压患病情况及主要危险因素,为该人群制定适宜的防治措施。方法采用现况调查的方法,对重庆市746名20～60岁的男性驾驶员行问卷调查、体格检查和血压测量等。同期检测了884名男性非驾驶员人员的血压值。结果男性驾驶员的高血压标化患病率为28.3%,高于非驾驶员18.26%。驾龄、平均每天开车时间、驾驶车型、工作责任和工作紧张感等职业因素与驾驶员高血压有关。多因素Logistic分析显示驾龄、工作责任和工作紧张感、父母患高血压及体重指数(BMI)>25是驾驶员高血压的主要危险因素。结论职业紧张等因素与驾驶员高血压患病有关,需采取相应的综合防治措施。     

卡车驾驶室噪声对驾驶员听觉损害的危害性评估

目前，有许多关于工业噪声危害情况的调查，然而对另一特殊职业人群汽车驾驶员听力损害的危险性评估尚不多。本文分析２４００名经过筛选的哈尔滨市的卡车驾驶员的听力。并随机抽测２７７台卡车驾驶室噪声。以探讨驾驶室及车体噪声对驾驶员听觉损害的危险性。１调查内容和...     

男性汽车驾驶员特殊项目调查研究

男性汽车驾驶员特殊项目调查研究崔力争，李登贵，马淑芬，程俊生，王展飞，冀荷香我们对５７４名汽车驾驶员进行了特殊项目的调查，报道如下。一、对象与方法１．对象：某市５７４名男性汽车驾驶员，年龄２０～５４岁，平均３５．５岁。开车工龄１～３３年，平均１２年；...     

汽车驾驶作业对驾驶员腰椎损害的X线表现的研究

本文研究了４６２名大型汽车驾驶员和２８５名以坐姿工作为主的机关职员的腰椎Ｘ线改变。结果表明：驾驶员的腰椎骨质增生、椎间隙变窄、椎体楔变、椎间盘脱出均显著高于对照组（Ｐ〈０．０１）；椎体楔变、椎间盘脱出有高的腰外伤机率（Ｐ〈０．０１）；骨质增生、椎间隙变窄的发生率及严重程度与驾驶工龄有关。结果还表明：驾驶员易损的椎体依次为Ｌ３、Ｌ４、Ｌ２；易损的椎间盘是Ｌ２－３之间的椎间盘。作者认为，汽车驾驶员过早     

Labor of freight-container tractor drivers and low-back pain. Characteristics of the low-back pain through clinical findings

In order to clarify the characteristics of the low-back pain which is prevalent among freight-container tractor drivers, a medical examination, composed of orthopedic tests and questions about health conditions, was carried out on 231 tractor drivers. Prevailing complaints were: dullness or stiffness of the shoulder (71%); dullness of the neck (69%); dullness of the low back (62%); low-back pain (42%); dullness of the lower limbs (39%) and dullness of the back (36%). The rates of complaints of dullness or pain of the neck, shoulder, upper limbs, back or lower limbs, and disturbance of daily activity were associated with the grade of low-back pain evaluated from the subjective symptoms. Orthopedic examination revealed fatigue signs of muscles i.e. tenderness of the body trunk and limbs, tenderness or percussion pain on the spinous processes, and poor results in some tests on muscle strength. These findings were seen more frequently in the group with subjective symptoms, but even among the group without symptoms, they were evident to some degree. These findings were considered to originate from the fact that the freight-container tractors had many ergonomic problems and the daily driving hours of many drivers were estimated to exceed the allowable vibration exposure time of the ISO.     

火车司机职业紧张及其影响因素分析

目的了解火车司机职业紧张现状及其影响因素。方法抽取福州、永安、邵武、漳平机务段初中文化以上、在职工龄≥1年、无精神疾患的火车司机1 077人,采用统一设计的调查表进行横断面流行病学调查,应用OSI-R量表、SDS自评量表、A型行为量表评价职业人群的职业应激、抑郁症状和A型行为,及职业紧张影响因素调查等;采用SPSS 18.0统计软件,运用t检验或方差分析、多元线性回归等统计方法,检验水准α=0.05。结果火车司机职业紧张评分为(252.19±38.16),在控制年龄、文化程度和婚姻状况下与列车员的职业紧张评分(253.88±41.49)比较,差异无统计学意义,但火车司机的紧张源评分(161.50±20.23)比列车员(154.27±21.79)高,紧张反应评分(90.69±20.73)比列车员(99.61±23.03)低,差异有统计学意义。不同的个体特征、行为/心理特征、应对资源和方式,职业紧张程度显著不同,逐步回归分析显示:抑郁障碍、生活情况、是否饮酒、适应能力、文化程度进入职业紧张回归方程,抑郁障碍的标准化偏回归系数最大,为0.537。火车司机紧张反应的影响因素分析显示,与朋友关系和个体适应能力与紧张反应呈负相关(r=-2.359,-2.702),对紧张反应呈正相关的有:抑郁障碍(r=0.452)与任务不适(r=0.912)、任务界限(r=0.680)、任务模糊(r=0.514)、责任感(r=0.710)、工作环境(r=0.364)这五个职业紧张因素。结论火车司机是高紧张状态的职业,调控措施可较好地控制紧张反应。火车司机职业紧张的主要影响因素是抑郁障碍、生活情况和适应能力、文化程度、饮酒,其中抑郁障碍对职业紧张的影响最大。职业紧张因素是紧张反应的重要危险因素,个体应对资源和方式是紧张反应的主要保护因素。     

Self-reported back pain in tractor drivers exposed to whole-body vibration

Summary A postal questionnaire on symptoms of ill health and exposure to whole-body vibration was completed by 577 workers (response rate 79%) who were employed in certain functions by two companies 11 years before. The relation between the occupational history of driving vibrating vehicles (mainly agricultural tractors) and back pain has been analyzed. The prevalence of reported back pain is approximately 10% higher in the tractor drivers than in workers not exposed to vibration. The increase is mainly due to more pain in the lower back and more pain lasting at least several days. A vibration dose was calculated by assigning each vehicle driven a vibration magnitude, estimated on the base of vibration measurements. The prevalence of back pain increases with the vibration dose. The highest prevalence odds ratios are found for the more severe types of back pain. These prevalence odds ratios do not increase with the vibration dose. This might be due to health-related selection which is more pronounced for severe back pain than for back pain in general. The two components of the vibration dose, duration of exposure and estimated mean vibration magnitude, have also been considered separately. Back pain increases with duration of exposure but it does not increase with the estimated mean magnitude of vibration. This is probably due to the inaccuracy of this estimate. The higher prevalence of back pain in tractor drivers might be (partly) caused by whole-body vibration, but prolonged sitting and posture might also be of influence.     

Occupational risk factors for low back pain among drivers of three-wheelers in Sri Lanka

Abstract

Background:

Approximately 5% of all households in Sri Lanka operate a three-wheeler as their primary source of income. However, very little is known about the occupational health risks associated with driving these vehicles.

Objectives:

The aim of this study was to assess occupational risk factors, including the number of hours worked associated with the 4-week prevalence of low back pain (LBP) among drivers of three-wheelers.

Methods:

Questionnaires were administered to 200 full-time drivers of three-wheelers from the Galle District in Sri Lanka. Occupational, psychological, socio-demographic, lifestyle, and anthropometric variables were collected. Univariate and multivariate analysis were used to investigate the correlation between occupational risk factors of the prevalence of LBP.

Results:

15·5% of respondents reported experiencing LBP in the previous 4 months. Univariate analysis revealed that the number of hours worked per week, feeling pressure to compete with other drivers, and perceived stress scale scores were significantly associated with the 4-week prevalence of LBP. Multivariate analysis found that the number of hours worked per week and engine type were significantly associated with LBP.

Conclusions:

LBP is common among drivers of three-wheelers in Sri Lanka. Long work hours and two-stroke engines were significantly associated with LBP. Results from this study point towards a role for educational, behavioral health, and policy interventions to help prevent and reduce LBP among these drivers.     

铸造工人腰背痛流行病学特征

[目的 ]描述铸造工人腰背痛流行病学特征 ,探讨职业相关因素。 [方法 ]对 6 17名铸造工人进行背部骨科体检和疼痛测量。 [结果 ]清理和造型工种背部压痛阳性率显著高于后勤组 ,OR值分别达 6 16和 11 90 ,控制性别、年龄和工龄等混杂因素后 ,OR值更为加大 ;曾有腰背痛主诉没有差异 ,但与目前工作有关的调整腰背痛患病率仍以清理和造型高 ,与后勤比OR值在 2倍左右。造型工疼痛诱因以过度用力、重复劳动和不良姿势为主 ,共占 88 4%。腰背疼痛强度多为中等度。 [结论 ]静态弯腰作业和重体力弯腰作业与腰背痛患病率密切相关     

Epidemiological study of low back pain and occupational risk factors among taxi drivers

A survey of taxi drivers was conducted to determine the actual situation of drivers' low back pain (LBP). The survey was carried out in October 2002, the target drivers were asked to complete a questionnaire which contains questions regarding physique of drivers, demographic features, working conditions, office environment, health conditions, the presence of low back pain, the level of low back pain based on Visual Analogue Scale and Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire score. As a result, the total number of valid responses was 1,334 and the response rate was 71 percent, and the 1-wk prevalence of LBP was 20.5 percent of respondents. Regarding 275 subjects with LBP, Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) averaged 4.3. There was a positive weak correlation between VAS and Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire score (R=0.41). And Logistic regression analysis was performed to examine the relationship between LBP and occupational factors, the results suggested following items as risk factors; such as history of LBP, suffering from fatigue, diseases other than LBP and smoking habit.     

Subjective pain and tenderness in low back among care workers in relation to work load and daily life]

Five hundred and fifty-two care-workers aged 20 to 60 years, who worked at six custodial-care homes, were examined to clarify the relationship between subjective pain and tenderness in the low back, together with the factors affecting occupational low back pain. Subjects who were diagnosed as having tenderness in the low back by one medical practitioner at the time of health examinations, and those who reported the presence of low back pain in self-rating questionnaires were defined as those with "objective" and "subjective" low back pain, respectively. Complaints concerning workloads and daily life, as well as musculoskeletal and systemic symptoms, were inquired of in the self-rating questionnaires; the former complaints were compiled into four factors representing "environmental load at work," "physical load at work," "mental load at work," and "daily life" by the factor analysis. The corresponding rates in subjective and objective low back pains were 67.0% in 188 male care workers and 70.9% in 364 female care workers. In males and females, "physical load at work" was positively related to subjective low back pain (P < 0.05) with the use of the multiple logistic regression analysis including all the causal and confounding factors. Musculoskeletal symptoms in females were also positively related to subjective and objective low back pain (P < 0.05). These data suggest that subjective low back pain clearly reflects the problem of occupational low back pain as a whole, and that low back pain is mainly related to the physical load at work in care workers.     

Occupational risk factors for low back pain among drivers of three-wheelers in Sri Lanka

Background:

Approximately 5% of all households in Sri Lanka operate a three-wheeler as their primary source of income. However, very little is known about the occupational health risks associated with driving these vehicles.

Objectives:

The aim of this study was to assess occupational risk factors, including the number of hours worked associated with the 4-week prevalence of low back pain (LBP) among drivers of three-wheelers.

Methods:

Questionnaires were administered to 200 full-time drivers of three-wheelers from the Galle District in Sri Lanka. Occupational, psychological, socio-demographic, lifestyle, and anthropometric variables were collected. Univariate and multivariate analysis were used to investigate the correlation between occupational risk factors of the prevalence of LBP.

Results:

15.5% of respondents reported experiencing LBP in the previous 4 months. Univariate analysis revealed that the number of hours worked per week, feeling pressure to compete with other drivers, and perceived stress scale scores were significantly associated with the 4-week prevalence of LBP. Multivariate analysis found that the number of hours worked per week and engine type were significantly associated with LBP.

Conclusions:

LBP is common among drivers of three-wheelers in Sri Lanka. Long work hours and two-stroke engines were significantly associated with LBP. Results from this study point towards a role for educational, behavioral health, and policy interventions to help prevent and reduce LBP among these drivers.