HPLC测定蒲公英中木犀草素的含量

目的:建立蒲公英中木犀草素的含量测定方法.方法:采用TIANHE C18 反相色谱柱(4.6 mm×250 mm,5 μm),流动相为甲醇-水-醋酸(50:50:1),流速1.0 ml/min,检测波长350 nm,柱温30 ℃.结果:木犀草素浓度在0.009 3～0.061 8 mg/ml范围内与峰面积呈良好的线性关系(r=0.999 6),平均回收率为99.4%, RSD为2.30%.结论:本方法简便、快速、重现性好,适用于蒲公英中木犀草素的含量测定.     

HPLC法测定北刘寄奴中木犀草素和芹菜素的含量

目的:建立同时测定北刘寄奴中木犀草素和芹菜素含量的HPLC方法。方法:采用Inertsil ODS-3(4.6 mm×150 mm,5μm)色谱柱,以乙腈-0.5%磷酸(28∶72)为流动相,流速1.0 mL.min-1,检测波长340 nm,柱温35℃。结果:木犀草素和芹菜素进样量分别在0.2168～1.951μg和0.0684～0.615μg范围内与峰面积呈良好的线性关系(r=0.9999);木犀草素和芹菜素平均加样回收率(n=5)分别为99.7%和99.1%,RSD分别为0.99%和1.5%。结论:该方法简便、准确、可靠,可用于中药北刘寄奴中木犀草素和芹菜素含量的测定。     

HPLC测定白毛夏枯草中木犀草素的含量

目的:采用HPLC法测定白毛夏枯草中木犀草素的含量。方法:采用ZOBAX SB-C_(18)(150mm×4.6mm,5μm)色谱柱,以甲醇-0.8%磷酸溶液(45:55)作为流动相,流速为0.8ml·min~(-1),柱温:30℃,检测波长为350nm。结果:木犀草素在1.06～10.60μg·ml~(-1)范围内线性关系良好(r=0.999 8),平均加样回收率为98.31%,RSD为1.33%。结论:本方法简便准确,重复性好,可用于白毛夏枯草中木犀草素的含量测定。     

HPLC法测定蒙药蓝盆花中木犀草素和芹菜素的含量

目的:建立测定蒙药蓝盆花中木犀草素和芹菜素含量的方法。方法:采用高效液相色谱法。色谱柱为Phenomenex ODS-C18(250mm×4.6mm,5μm),流动相为甲醇-0.4%磷酸(59:41),流速为1mL.min-1,柱温为30℃,检测波长为345nm。结果:木犀草素、芹菜素的进样量分别在0.143～0.857μg(r=0.9995)、0.143～0.855μg(r=0.9996)范围内与各自峰面积积分值呈良好线性关系;平均加样回收率分别为102.01%和98.87%,RSD分别为1.16%和0.80%(n均为6)。结论:本方法简便、准确、灵敏度高、重复性好,可以用于蒙药蓝盆花中木犀草素和芹菜素的含量测定。     

HPLC法测定清热散结片中木犀草素的含量

目的 建立测定清热散结片中木犀草素的HPLC方法 .方法 采用Intertsil ODS-SP色谱柱(150×4.6mm,5μm),柱温30℃,流动相为甲醇-0.4%磷酸溶液(40:60),流速0.8mL·min-1,检测波长350nm.结果 木犀草素在0.09μg·mL-1~1.44μg·mL-1的浓度范围内与峰面积线性关系良好(r=0.9998),木犀草素平均回收率98.5%.结论 该方法 准确可靠,可用于清热散结片的质量控制.     

HPLC法测定紫花地丁中槲皮素、芹菜素、木犀草素含量

目的:建立高效液相色谱法测定紫花地丁中槲皮素、芹菜素和木犀草素的含量测定方法。方法:采用HPLC法对紫花地丁中的槲皮素、芹菜素、木犀草素进行含量测定。色谱条件为:C18柱(5μm,4.6 mm×250 mm),柱温30℃,流动相为乙腈-甲醇-0.2%磷酸水溶液梯度洗脱,流速0.8 mL.min-1,检测波长350 nm。结果:槲皮素、芹菜素和木犀草素色谱分离良好,浓度与峰面积呈良好线性关系,线性范围分别为槲皮素7.5~90.0 mg.L-1,r=0.999 9(n=6);芹菜素7.5~180.0 mg.L-1,r=0.999 8(n=6),木犀草素2.5~55.0 mg.L-1,r=0.999 9(n=6)。平均加样回收率分别为95.1%(n=9,RSD=1.0%)、95.7%(n=9,RSD=1.2%)、97.8%(n=9,RSD=0.7%)。结论:本方法测定了5批紫花地丁的槲皮素、芹菜素和木犀草素的含量,该方法分离度好、快速、简便、重现性好。     

HPLC测定脉舒胶囊中木犀草素的含量

目的 建立高效液相色谱法测定脉舒胶囊中木犀草素的含量.方法 用ZORBAX SB-C18(4.6 mm×250 mm,5 μm)色谱柱,甲醇-0.4%磷酸溶液(55:45)为流动相,流速1.0 mL·min-1;检测波长:350 nm;柱温:35 ℃.结果 木犀草素的进样量在0.003 864～0.023 18 μg范围线性关系良好(r=0.999 9),平均加样回收率为98.31%(RSD=1.15%),符合分析要求.结论 对样品的提取条件和测定条件进行了优选,为脉舒胶囊中木犀草素的测定提供了一种准确可靠的HPLC测定方法,可更好的控制其质量.     

藏药打箭菊中总黄酮及木犀草素的含量测定

目的:建立藏药打箭菊中总黄酮及木犀草素的含量测定方法。方法:以芦丁为指标性成分,用紫外分光光度法通过在275 nm 处测定其铝配化合物来求得打箭菊中总黄酮的含量;采用反相高效液相色谱法,使用 Hypersil ODS 2色谱柱(5 μm,250mm×4.6 mm),以乙睛-0.7%醋酸(25:75)为流动相,流速1.0 mL·min~(-1),检测波长350 nm,以外标法计算打箭菊中木犀草素的含量。结果:总黄酮浓度在4.2～21.0μg·mL~(-1)范围内与吸收度呈良好的线性关系(r=0.9999),平均回收率(n=5)为98.6%(RSD=2.6%);木犀草素浓度存9.02～90.2μg·mL~(-1)范围内与峰面积呈良好的线性关系(r=0.9996),平均回收率(n=6)为98.6%(RSD=1.2%)。结论:紫外分光光度法和高效液相色谱法均简便、快捷,适用于打箭菊中总黄酮和木犀草素的含量测定。     

高效液相色谱-二极管阵列检测法测定金沙绢毛菊中木犀草素和木犀草素-7-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷的含量

目的:建立金沙绢毛菊中木犀草素和木犀草素-7-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷的含量测定方法。方法:采用HPLC-DAD法,色谱柱为Zorbax-Eclipse XDB-C18柱(4.6mm×250mm,5μm),流动相为甲醇-0.5%磷酸水溶液(0~9min为48∶52,流速0.7mL.min-1;9~25min为65∶35,流速0.8mL.min-1),检测波长360nm,柱温为30℃,进样量为10μL。结果:木犀草素的回归方程为Y=4 576X+3.886 7,r=0.999 9(n=5),木犀草素-7-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷的回归方程为Y=4 527.2X+1.14,r=0.999 9(n=5),木犀草素和木犀草素-7-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷的线性范围为0.027 2~0.272 0μg。结论:测定方法简便易行,准确可靠,结果稳定,重复性好,有助于金沙绢毛菊的质量评价。     

抱茎苦荬菜药材中木犀草素-7-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷的分离与含量测定

目的建立分离、测定抱茎苦荬菜药材中木犀草素7OβD葡萄糖苷的方法。方法采用醇提取、氯仿萃取与硅胶柱分离等手段来分离木犀草素7OβD葡萄糖苷;采用RP HPLC法进行含量测定,色谱条件为:Diamonsin C18(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm)色谱柱,以质量分数为0.2%的磷酸溶液甲醇(体积比为67∶33)为流动相,检测波长为260 nm,流速为0.8 mL.min-1。结果木犀草素7OβD葡萄糖苷质量浓度在4.80~24.0 mg.L-1内线性关系良好(r=0.999 7,n=5),平均回收率为99.4%,相对标准差(RSD)为0.97%。结论本法适合测定抱茎苦荬菜药材中木犀草素7OβD葡萄糖苷的含量。     

Synthesis,Cytotoxicity and Antileishmanial Activity of Some N-(2-(indol-3-yl)ethyl)-7-chloroquinolin-4-amines

We report herein the condensation of 4,7-dichloroquinoline (1) with tryptamine (2) and D-tryptophan methyl ester (3) . Hydrolysis of the methyl ester adduct (5) yielded the free acid (6) . The compounds were evaluated in vitro for activity against four different species of Leishmania promastigote forms and for cytotoxic activity against Kb and Vero cells. Compound (5) showed good activity against the Leishmania species tested, while all three compounds displayed moderate activity in both Kb and Vero cells.     

Efficacy of gut lavage,hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the therapy of paraquat or diquat intoxication

Clinical and in vitro investigations were carried out to test the efficacy of gut lavage, hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the treatment of poisoning with paraquat or diquat. In a patient suffering from diquat intoxication 130 times more diquat was removed by gut lavage 30 h after ingestion than was removed by complete aspiration of the gastric contents.Determination of in vitro clearances for paraquat and diquat by hemodialysis showed that, at serum concentrations of 1–2 ppm, such as are frequently encountered in poisoning in man, toxicologically relevant quantities of herbicide cannot be removed from the body. At a concentration of 20 ppm, on the other hand, hemodialysis proved to be effective, the clearance being 70 ml/min at a blood flow rate of 100 ml/min. The efficacy of hemoperfusion with coated activated charcoal was on the whole better. Especially at concentrations around 1–2 ppm, the clearance values for hemoperfusion were some 5–7 times higher than those for hemodialysis.In a patient suffering from paraquat poisoning, both hemodialysis as well as hemoperfusion were carried out. The in vitro results could be confirmed: At serum concentrations of paraquat less than 1 ppm no clearance could be obtained by hemodialysis while by hemoperfusion with activated charcoal quite high clearance values were measured and the serum level dropped down to zero.

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Zusammenfassung Klinische Untersuchungen und Laboratoriumsversuche wurden durchgeführt, um die Wirksamkeit von Darmspülung, Hämodialyse und Hämoperfusion bei Paraquat- und Deiquat-Vergiftungen zu prüfen.Bei einem Patienten wurde 30 Std nach Deiquat-Aufnahme durch Darmspülung 130mal mehr Deiquat entfernt als durch vollständige Aspiration des Mageninhaltes. In vitro-Versuche ergaben, daß bei Blutserumkonzentrationen von 1–2 ppm, die bei Vergiftungen oft gemessen werden, durch Hämodialyse keine toxikologisch relevanten Paraquat- oder Deiquat-Mengen entfernt werden können. Dagegen erwies sich die Hämodialyse bei 20 ppm und einer Blutumlaufgeschwindigkeit von 100 ml/min mit einer Clearance von 70 ml/min als wirksam. Die Hämoperfusion mit beschicheter Aktivkohle war in diesen Versuchen aber eindeutig überlegen, denn insbesondere bei Konzentrationen um 1–2 ppm waren die Clearance-Werte 5–7mal höher als bei der Hämodialyse.Die in vitro-Ergebnisse wurden bei einem Patienten mit einer Paraquat-Vergiftung bestätigt: Bei Konzentrationen unter 1 ppm war die Hämodialyse wirkungslos, während durch Hämoperfusion relativ hohe Clearance-Werte erreicht wurden, so daß der Serumspiegel rasch unter die Nachweisgrenze abfiel.

     

In vitro studies on sterically stabilized liposomes (SL) as enzyme carriers in organophosphorus (OP) antagonism

This study describes a new approach for organophosphorous (OP) antidotal treatment by encapsulating an OP hydrolyzing enzyme, OPA anhydrolase (OPAA), within sterically stabilized liposomes. The recombinant OPAA enzyme was derived from Alteromonas strain JD6. It has broad substrate specificity to a wide range of OP compounds: DFP and the nerve agents, soman and sarin. Liposomes encapsulating OPAA (SL)* were made by mechanical dispersion method. Hydrolysis of DFP by (SL)* was measured by following an increase of fluoride ion concentration using a fluoride ion selective electrode. OPAA entrapped in the carrier liposomes rapidly hydrolyze DFP, with the rate of DFP hydrolysis directly proportional to the amount of (SL)* added to the solution. Liposomal carriers containing no enzyme did not hydrolyze DFP. The reaction was linear and the rate of hydrolysis was first order in the substrate. This enzyme carrier system serves as a biodegradable protective environment for the recombinant OP-metabolizing enzyme, OPAA, resulting in prolongation of enzymatic concentration in the body. These studies suggest that the protection of OP intoxication can be strikingly enhanced by adding OPAA encapsulated within (SL)* to pralidoxime and atropine.     

Lung disease and PKCs

The lung offers a rich opportunity for development of therapeutic strategies focused on isozymes of protein kinase C (PKCs). PKCs are important in many cellular responses in the lung, and existing therapies for pulmonary disorders are inadequate. The lung poses unique challenges as it interfaces with air and blood, contains a pulmonary and systemic circulation, and consists of many cell types. Key structures are bronchial and pulmonary vessels, branching airways, and distal air sacs defined by alveolar walls containing capillaries and interstitial space. The cellular composition of each vessel, airway, and alveolar wall is heterogeneous. Injurious environmental stimuli signal through PKCs and cause a variety of disorders. Edema formation and pulmonary hypertension (PHTN) result from derangements in endothelial, smooth muscle (SM), and/or adventitial fibroblast cell phenotype. Asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and lung cancer are characterized by distinctive pathological changes in airway epithelial, SM, and mucous-generating cells. Acute and chronic pneumonitis and fibrosis occur in the alveolar space and interstitium with type 2 pneumocytes and interstitial fibroblasts/myofibroblasts playing a prominent role. At each site, inflammatory, immune, and vascular progenitor cells contribute to the injury and repair process. Many strategies have been used to investigate PKCs in lung injury. Isolated organ preparations and whole animal studies are powerful approaches especially when genetically engineered mice are used. More analysis of PKC isozymes in normal and diseased human lung tissue and cells is needed to complement this work. Since opposing or counter-regulatory effects of selected PKCs in the same cell or tissue have been found, it may be desirable to target more than one PKC isozyme and potentially in different directions. Because multiple signaling pathways contribute to the key cellular responses important in lung biology, therapeutic strategies targeting PKCs may be more effective if combined with inhibitors of other pathways for additive or synergistic effect. Mechanisms that regulate PKC activity, including phosphorylation and interaction with isozyme-specific binding proteins, are also potential therapeutic targets. Key isotypes of PKC involved in lung pathophysiology are summarized and current and evolving therapeutic approaches to target them are identified.     

Steroidal sapogenin contents in some domestic plants

In order to find out the values of the steroid resources for the future use. the compositions and contents of steroidal sapogenins from 13 domestic plants have been investigated. As a result,Dioscorea nipponica, D. quinqueloba andSmilax china were found to have large amount of diosgenin. And pennogenin inTrillium kamtschaticum andParis verticillata, yuccagenin inAllium fistulosum, hecogenin inAgave americana and neochlorogenin inSolanum nigum were appeared to be major steroidal sapogenins.     

Gender-related symptoms and correlates of alcohol dependence among men and women with a lifetime diagnosis of alcohol use disorders

This study explored gender-related symptoms and correlates of alcohol dependence in a crosssectional study of 150 men and 150 women with a lifetime diagnosis of alcohol use disorders (AUD). Participants were recruited in equal numbers from treatment settings, correctional centres and the general community. Standardized measures were used to determine participants' use of substances, history of psychiatric disorders and psychosocial stress, their sensation seeking and family history of substance use and mental health disorders. Multivariate analyses were used to detect patterns of variables associated with gender and the lifetime severity of AUD. Men had a longer history of severe AUD than women. Women had similar levels of alcohol dependence and medical and psychological sequelae as men, despite 6 fewer years of AUD. More women than men had a history of severe psychosocial stress, severe dependence on other substances and antecedent mental health problems, especially mood and anxiety disorders. There were differences in family history of alcohol-related problems approximating same-gender aggregation. The severity of a lifetime AUD was predicted by its earlier age at onset and the occurrence of other disorders, especially anxiety, among both men and women. The limitations in the generalizability of these findings due to sample idiosyncrasies are discussed.