混合型全髋关节置换术

全髋关节置换术的固定方式分两类：骨水泥固定和非骨水泥固定。骨水泥固定是指用骨水泥将假体固定于宿主骨上；非骨水泥固定是指以压配方式将假体直接固定于宿主骨，继而通过骨长入或骨长上来固定假体。所谓的混合型全髋关节置换术（混合髋），是指髋臼和股骨假体一侧以骨水泥固定、一侧以非骨水泥固定的全髋关节置换术。本文所说的混合型全髋关节置换术特指髋臼侧采用非骨水泥固定，股骨侧采用骨水泥固定的全髋关节置换术。     

人工髋关节翻修术的临床分析（附32例报告）

目的探讨人工髋关节翻修术的翻修原因、临床特点及手术方法。方法对32例人工髋关节翻修术的临床资料进行回顾性分析。取髋关节后侧入路,取出松动的股骨侧及髋臼侧假体,根据缺损情况植骨,然后按技术要求换置假体。结果2例术中出现股骨骨折,行内固定术,愈合良好。1例髋臼行植骨、骨水泥假体固定,术后1年出现髋臼假体松动。行二期翻修术。Harris评分术前平均41．3分,术后平均83．5分。结论①无菌性松动和医源性错误是人工髋关节翻修的最常见原因;②髋臼翻修首选非骨水泥假体生物型固定,对于包容性髋臼骨质缺损,应行颗粒打压植骨＋非骨水泥臼固定;（蓼翻修术中股骨柄取出困难可行股骨大粗隆延长截骨;④术后功能锻炼至关重要。     

人工全髋关节置换翻修术术前假体松动的回顾性研究

目的通过对48例人工全髋关节置换翻修术术前资料的系统回顾性研究,评价采取不同固定方法的假体的临床疗效。方法笔者对行髋关节置换的48例实行了全髋翻修术,并对全部病例进行了术前X线评价及术中假体松动情况调查,并做χ2检验,判断不同假体固定方式对假体寿命的影响。结果早、中期假体松动主要为非骨水泥型假体。骨水泥固定的假体与非骨水泥固定的假体远期均存在很高的松动下沉率,以骨水泥臼的松动为多数。髋臼侧骨溶解发生率以Ⅰ区为高,股骨柄侧骨溶解发生率以股骨近端为最高。结论人工全髋关节置换术中生物性固定初期并不十分牢固。人工全髋关节置换术中骨水泥固定假体松动主要发生在远期,并且以髋臼侧骨水泥松动为主。     

初次全髋关节置换术选择骨水泥或生物型固定方式的比较

人工全髋关节置换术是解除中老年髋关节疼痛和功能障碍最有效的手术方法之一。随着外科技术、假体设计和材料的日益完善,影响人工髋关节长期效果的因素将较多地涉及人工关节的固定技术。目前,人22全髋关节固定分骨水泥固定和生物学固定两大类,前者是假体与骨床之间充填骨水泥,形成假体一骨水泥一骨两个界面;后者是假体与骨床直接接触,仅有骨一假体一个界面。如何选择固定方式,更有效地提高假体与髓腔之间的结合强度,以获取植入假体的长期稳定性,仍是一个有待解决的问题。一、骨水泥固定技术     

颗粒骨打压植骨结合非骨水泥臼固定在髋臼翻修中的应用

目的 探讨颗粒骨打压植骨结合非骨水泥臼在髋臼翻修中的临床应用.方法 应用颗粒骨打压植骨结合非骨水泥臼技术重建髋臼骨缺损10例,术中使用异体颗粒骨直径4～6 mm,髋臼假体均为生物型髋臼,上2或3枚螺钉固定,内衬均为高交联聚乙烯.结果 切口均一期愈合,无感染、脱位等并发症发生.随访9～28个月,平均19.5个月,X线片上髋臼骨床、颗粒骨及假体界面未见明显透亮带存在,原骨缺损区修复良好.Harris评分术前平均38.1分,术后平均85.5分.结论 颗粒骨打压植骨结合非骨水泥臼固定方法可有效修复髋关节翻修中髋臼AAOSⅡ、Ⅲ型骨缺损,恢复骨量,并能提供良好的早期稳定性.     

人工全髋关节置换术治疗发育性髋关节发育不良

目的 :探讨髋关节发育不良髋臼假体选择和骨缺损的修补方法。方法 :人工全髋关节置换术治疗 18例髋关节发育不良 ,其中骨水泥型 11例 ,非骨水泥型 7例 ,年龄 43～ 76岁。术前用标准模板重叠法测量轻、中、重度骨缺损 ,术中利用股骨头股骨距致密骨块 ,用反转方式植骨使骨块股骨距坚硬部分修补外上方承重区骨缺损 ,以防止骨块吸收或塌陷影响假体臼的稳定性。分别用三种方式固定髋臼假体 ,15例植骨。结果 :随访l～ 8年植骨块完全愈合 ,无植入骨块吸收和假体臼松动病例 ,骨水泥型和非骨水泥型假体与骨床结合稳定。结论 :股骨距骨块反转植骨同时具有修补骨缺损和骨支撑作用 ,是防止骨块吸收和稳定髋臼假体的好办法     

巨锁和微锁

在人工髋关节假体骨水泥固定方式中，骨水泥与骨之间的交锁是人工关节长期稳定的主要因素。巨锁（macrolock）固定能增加有效接触面积，可在髂骨支、耻骨支和坐骨支使用磨钻打孔，直径约为5～8mm，深为8．10mm，在骨性髋臼的其他部位同时钻取多个小孔，这样有利于增强骨一骨水泥界面的固定效果。     

髋关节发育不良的髋臼重建

目的　总结采用全髋关节置换术治疗髋关节发育不良继发骨关节炎和功能障碍的经验。方法　 1998年 4月至 2 0 0 2年 4月 ,对 96例 112髋 (双侧 16例 )成人髋关节发育不良继发骨关节炎患者进行了全髋关节置换术。其中 ,半脱位 73髋 ,低位脱位 18髋 ,高位脱位 2 1髋。髋臼侧均采用真臼位置重建 ,其中骨水泥固定 16髋 ,非骨水泥固定 96髋 ,植骨 11髋 ;采用常规置换 83髋 ;磨削加深髋臼后 ,安置小号髋臼假体 2 7髋 ;髋臼外上缘自体股骨头植骨加深髋臼后 ,安置小号髋臼假体 2髋。结果　患者术后伤口均一期愈合 ,未发生感染或血管神经损伤 ,患肢长度平均延长 1 7cm。随访 85例 98髋 ,平均随访 3 5年 ,关节疼痛缓解 ,活动功能满意 ,Harris评分由术前的平均 33 9分恢复到平均 89 3分 ,无假体松动和翻修病例。X线片显示 ,关节假体位置正常 ,人工髋臼的平均外展角4 4° ,宿主骨对臼杯的平均覆盖率为 96 6 % ,金属臼杯与宿主髋臼之间未见透光线 ;11髋髋臼侧植骨病例中 ,植骨块与宿主骨愈合良好 ,未见骨吸收现象。结论　全髋关节置换术是治疗髋关节发育不良继发骨关节炎患者的有效方法 ;术前应充分考虑髋关节发育不良的原发及继发性病理改变 ,尽可能在真臼位置重建髋臼     

3D打印辅助髋臼金属支架在老年髋臼骨缺损翻修中的应用

目的 探讨3D打印辅助髋臼金属支架在老年髋臼骨缺损翻修中的应用效果。方法 采用3D打印辅助髋臼金属支架搭配骨水泥翻修治疗18例老年髋关节置换术后髋臼骨缺损患者。术前应用3D打印机按1∶1比例打印骨盆模型。股骨柄翻修:5例采用生物型股骨假体柄,7例采用骨水泥型股骨假体柄,6例保留原股骨假体柄。结果 患者均获得随访,时间8～19个月。术后切口均一期愈合。末次随访时,髋臼假体位置合适,无松动及脱位,髋关节疼痛症状明显缓解或消失,髋关节Harris评分为86～93分。结论 采用3D打印辅助髋臼金属支架搭配骨水泥行老年髋臼骨缺损翻修,髋臼假体可获得即刻的初始稳定,无需植骨,近期疗效满意。     

非骨水泥型髋臼假体植入15年临床观察

应用骨水泥的全髋关节置换术后长期困扰临床工作的一个最重要的问题是髋臼假体松动。研究旨在对比、评估同一组手术医生分别植入水泥型髋臼假体及非骨水泥型髋臼假体后至少随访 13年的疗效差别。共 10 8例患者 ( 12 0髋 )应用非骨水泥Harris Galante I型髋臼假体及 2 8mm股骨头假体 (骨水泥固定 ) ,临床评估应用统一的标准调查表 ,采用假体放射学失败标准分类 (松动、假体移位、磨损、骨溶解 )。将此组队列病例作为实验组 ,先前四组骨水泥型髋臼假体植入病例作为对照组 ,将两组行髋臼翻修术的比率相比较。髋臼松动及髋臼翻修术前均应用Kap…     

Long-term results of uncemented Parhofer-Mönch screw rings

AIM: The aim of this study was an analysis of the long-term behaviour and implant migration of the Parhofer-M?nch-screw cup seen in patients between 1982 and 1991. METHOD: 92 cups (m : f = 53 : 39, mean age 53 +/- 7 years) were included mainly prospectively. After 118 +/- 45 months all patients were examined clinically and radiologically. Digital migration analysis was performed using the single-film X-ray analysis (Einbildr?ntgenanalyse, EBRA). RESULTS: 5 patients had died. 32 cups were revised, in 7 patients a loosening of the cup was suspected. The 10-year-survival was 71.4 %. In 53 of 81 analysed cups a migration of more than 1 mm was shown, 28 cups did not migrate. In comparison to these stable implants the survival of migrated cups was significantly inferior. CONCLUSION: The 10-year-survival and the high rate of implant migration document the poor results of the PM cup. In spite of an extraordinary primary stability, the failure of secondary osseointegration represents the main cause of loosening in this type of cup.     

Experimental investigations of the insertion and deformation behavior of press-fit and threaded acetabular cups for total hip replacement

BACKGROUND: The deformation behavior of threaded and press-fit acetabular cups in correlation with the applied torques and forces to insert the cups has not been widely investigated. The aim of this experimental study was to analyze the deformation behavior of threaded (BICON-PLUS) and press-fit (EP FIT PLUS and Metal shell) acetabular cup designs during insertion and extraction with regard to the possibility of cup failure. METHODS: The experiments were carried out using artificial bone and human acetabular bone. The torque needed to insert the threaded cups and the force applied to the press-fit cups was measured. The force and torque were applied manually by a surgeon using common surgical instruments. The strain of the cups was assessed by tangentially and radially applied strain gauges during the insertion process, the implanted state, and extraction. These measurements were used to calculate the change in diameter of the acetabular cups and the strains at the notches of the threaded acetabular cup. RESULTS: The results showed that maximum strains and applied torques and force occurred during cup insertion. In the case of the threaded cup, an average maximum insertion torque of 114 Nm was measured using bone substitute, whereas only 47 Nm was assessed using human acetabulum. A maximum change in diameter of 8 microm was calculated during the implanted state for the threaded cup. The impact forces for both press-fit cups ranged from approximately 1.0 to 8.9 kN. The change in diameter was 8 microm for the Metal shell and 4 microm for the EP FIT PLUS. In all cases, no permanent cup deformation was detected. CONCLUSIONS: The observed deformations suggest that implant failure of the analyzed acetabular cups is unlikely during insertion, the implanted state, or extraction under normal conditions.     

Computer-assisted navigated cup placement of different cup types in hip arthroplasty--a randomised controlled trial]

AIM:The position of the acetabular implant has a great influence on the outcome of total hip arthroplasty. The acetabular implants differ in their characteristics during insertion. In order to control the influence of the implant in different axes, 80 implantations of acetabular component were performed under computer-assisted control by a surogate navigation system. METHOD: Within a prospective randomised study, 70 total hip replacements were performed by one surgeon using two different uncemented implants (PPF screw cup/Hedrocel pressfit cup). The position of the cup was measured at different times during surgery and was compared to 10 cemented PE cup placements. RESULTS: During the milling procedure the anteversion of the two uncemented cups differed significantly (p = 0.026). The standard deviation of anteversion during implantation different significantly relating to the cup type: press-fit cup 3.86 degrees, screw cup 2.1 degrees and cemented PE cups 0,84 degrees. The inclination was less susceptible. CONCLUSION: The cup design of uncemented acetabular implants influences the outcome of surgery. In our trial a spherical press-fit cup showed a greater variability than the screw-cup. The CAS system can be used as a tool to minimise these effects.     

A 10-year minimum follow-up of hydroxyapatite-coated threaded cups: clinical,radiographic and survivorship analyses with comparison to the literature

We evaluated the clinical, radiographic, and survivorship outcomes in a series of 418 threaded hydroxyapatite-coated acetabular cups (Arc2f; Osteonics, Allendale, NJ) implanted in a consecutive series of 384 patients undergoing primary total hip arthroplasty. In all cases, the cup was screwed into the prepared acetabulum. Bone screws were used to provide secondary fixation. At a minimum 10-year follow-up, 304 cups were available for analysis. The cumulative survivorship (mechanical failure as endpoint) at that time was 99.43% +/- 0.0104. Two hundred seventy-six hips were available for full clinical and radiographic review at or after the tenth anniversary. No unstable implants were noted; all implant fixation interfaces were classified as "stable bone ingrown," and the cup migration rate was zero. Based on the survivorship achieved with this implant, our results compare favorably with survivorship reported for the best cemented and cementless acetabular implant designs.     

Trapeziectomy or revision into a cemented polyethylene cup in failed trapeziometacarpal total joint arthroplasty

Objectives: Total joint replacement as treatment of osteoarthritis of the trapeziometacarpal joint may lead to excellent short-term results, but also with a high risk of failure of the trapezium component. The aim of this study was to compare revision using trapeziectomy with a revision into a cemented trapezium cup. Methods: Thirty-four patients with a mean follow-up time of 47 months were included in a case control study with 17 hands revised with a cemented cup and 21 trapeziectomy. Results: At follow-up, no significant difference was found in self-reported outcome, with pain at rest or activity and in grip strength comparing patients revised using trapeziectomy with patients revised with insertion of a new cup. There was, however, a high risk of re-revision in patients treated with insertion of a new cup and at the follow-up 4/17 cups had been re-revised and 5/17 cups had radiological signs of implant loosening. Conclusion: IT was found that trapeziectomy should be the standard salvage procedure after a failed trapezium implant and revision of cup loosening with a cemented cup has an unacceptable failure rate.     

Inferior stabilization of cementless compared with cemented dual-mobility cups in elderly osteoarthrosis patients: a randomized controlled radiostereometry study on 60 patients with 2 years’ follow-up

Background and purpose — Elderly patients may benefit from a dislocation low-risk dual-mobility (DM) articulation in total hip arthroplasty, but the best cup fixation method is unknown. We compared cup migration for cemented and cementless DM cups using radiostereometry.Patients and methods — In a patient-blinded randomized trial, 60 patients (33 female) with osteoarthritis were allocated to cemented (n = 30) or cementless (n = 30) Avantage DM cup fixation. Criteria were age above 70 years, and T-score above –4. We investigated cup migration, periprosthetic bone mineral density (BMD), and patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) until 24 months postoperative follow-up.Results — At 24 months mean proximal cup migration was 0.11 mm (95% CI 0.00–0.23) for cemented cups and 0.09 mm (CI –0.09 to 0.28) for cementless cups. However, cementless cups generally migrated more than cemented cups at 12 and 24 months. Cemented cups had no measurable migration from 3 months’ follow-up, while cementless cups had not yet stabilized at 24 months in all rotations. Cementless cups showed statistically significantly more maximum total point motion (MTPM) at 12- and 24-month follow-up compared with cemented cups in patients with low systemic BMD (p = 0.01). Periprosthetic BMD changes did not statisticially significantly correlate to proximal migration in either cup fixation group (p > 0.05). PROMs improved similarly in both groups.Interpretation — Cemented cups were well fixed at 3 months. The cementless cups migrated more in patients with low BMD, showed an inconsistent pattern of migration, and migrated in different directions during the first and second year without tendency to stabilization. Cemented fixation of the Avantage DM cup seems safer in elderly patients

The most common indication for revision of a conventional primary total hip arthroplasty (THA) is aseptic loosening of the components (SHAR 2016, NJR 2017, DHAR 2018).Implant fixation method (i.e., cemented or cementless) in primary THA seems mainly based on the surgeon’s preference and national trends. The Danish Hip Replacement Registry report shows a decrease in the use of cemented cup fixation in osteoarthrosis (OA) patients above 70 years (DHAR 2018). This trend has also been described in the United Kingdom (UK) and Australian Joint Registries, while in Sweden and Norway cemented cup fixation is still the preferred fixation method in elderly patients (SHAR 2016, NAR 2017, NJR 2017).The dual-mobility (DM) concept, with 2 articulation surfaces and increased jump distance, may decrease the dislocation rate and increase range of motion compared with standard single mobility (SM) THAs. The long-term survival and the best fixation method of the newer Avantage Reload DM cup in elderly patients is currently unknown but retrospective studies on other types of primary DM THAs suggest acceptable survival rates (Batailler et al. 2017) .Excessive early (2-year) implant micromotion measured with radiostereometric analysis (RSA) is a strong predictor for later implant loosening and poor survival (Karrholm et al. 1997, Nieuwenhuijse et al. 2012, Pijls et al. 2012), and our primary aim was to investigate the early RSA-measured migration of cemented and cementless Avantage DM cups in elderly (> 70 years old) OA patients until 24 months’ follow-up. Secondary endpoints included systemic and periprosthetic bone mineral density (BMD) measurements, and clinical outcome scores.     

Do the Cup Surface Properties Influence the Initial Stability?

This project tests the relationship between the acetabular cup surface characteristics and their initial stability by comparing uncemented (Trabecular Metal (TM) and Trilogy) and cemented polyethylene shells. We hypothesised that different surface properties of uncemented cups will influence the cup stability. Mounted directly onto host bone, TM and cemented cups were significantly more stable than Trilogy cups (P < 0.01), with minimal difference between TM and cemented cups (P > 0.1). On 100% graft bed, there was marginal difference between all three cup types (P > 0.1). Incremental cavitary and segmental defects resulted in reducing stability, with cemented cups being minimally more stable (P > 0.1). TM cups possess satisfactory initial stability in bone graft constructs. This study demonstrates that TM shells are marginally less stable than cemented cups in the absence of significant host bone contact.     

Modes of periacetabular load transfer to cortical and cancellous bone after cemented versus uncemented total hip arthroplasty: A prospective study using computed tomography‐assisted osteodensitometry

Stress‐shielding and periprosthetic bone loss after total hip arthroplasty (THA) may be clinically relevant for high‐demand patients. Analysis of cortical and cancellous bone density (BD) changes in vivo after THA is of interest to basic science researchers and joint reconstruction surgeons. An insufficient periprosthetic bone stock may predispose to migration, early mechanical failure, and major problems in revision surgery. We used computed tomography (CT)‐assisted osteodensitometry in two prospectively analyzed cohorts after cemented (n = 21) versus noncemented (n = 23) cup fixation. Periacetabular BD (mgCaHa/mL) was determined in five CT scans cranial and five CT scans at the level of the cup 10 days and 26 months postoperatively. For press‐fit cups BD decreased significantly in all CT cans except in four out of the five scans of cortical bone cranial to the cup. The decrease was highest for cancellous bone ventral to the cup (−45 to −53%). After cemented cup fixation, significant cortical BD decrease was seen ventral to the cup (−11 to −20%). Cancellous BD decrased only ventral (−21 to −31%) and in two scans cranial (−11 and −12%) to the cup. The modes of load transfer between cemented and uncemented cups differ fundamentally. Cemented cups especially prevent the loss of cancellous bone of the acetabulum while also cortical BD loss was significantly lower in most CT scans surrounding the cemented cup compared to the press‐fit component. Long‐term results are required to prove whether third‐generation cementing technique protects periprosthetic BD and thereby improve implant survival. © 2008 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 27:176–182, 2009     

Migration analysis of cemented Müller polyethylene acetabular cups versus cement-free Zweymüller screw-attached acetabular cups

OBJECTIVE: Is the cementless Zweymüller hip cup superior to the cemented Müller cup? METHOD: This article presents a radiographic analysis of 25 cemented Müller acetabular cups versus 22 cementless Zweymüller cups using the Einbildr?ntgenanalyse (EBRA), a software tool for radiographic measurement of acetabular cup migration. In addition, we determined the effects of the cup anteversion and inclination, the polyethylene wear, the lateral bone coverage of the acetabular cup, the position of the center of rotation, and individual factors on the incidence of cup migration. RESULTS: The incidence of cup migration was 64% in the cementless group and 48% in the cemented group after a mean follow-up of 6 years. The average migration rate was 0.33 mm/a for cementless Zweymüller cups and 0.38 mm/a for cemented Müller cups. Cup anteversion and inclination showed no effect on the incidence of cup migration. The combination metal-polyethylene (0.17 mm per year) demonstrated a significantly higher wear rate in comparison to the ceramic-polyethylene combination (0.11 mm per year). Incompletely lateral covered cups demonstrated a significantly higher incidence of cup migration. Cranial or medial deviations of the center of rotation up to 5 mm are tolerable, in contrast to caudal or lateral deviations that lead to a significantly higher incidence of cup migration. CONCLUSION: The superiority of the cementless Zweymüller cup was not observed. We recommend a complete lateral bone coverage of the hip cup. Cranial and medial deviations of the center of rotation up to 5 mm are tolerable. In the present study the polyethylene wear of the ceramic-polyethylene combination was significantly less as compared with the metal-polyethylene combination.     

Einfluss der Formgebung von künstlichen Hüftpfannen auf die primäre Verankerungsfestigkeit

Background

An adequate primary stability and a subsequent stable osseous fixation (secondary stability) of artificial hip cups are required for long-term implant survival. The aim of this study was to analyse the design of cementless press-fit cups as an influencing factor of primary stability.

Material and methods

Different hemispherical and conical cup designs were analysed. The fixation stability of the cups was detected experimentally using a spongiosa and a cortical model based on artificial bone as well as a numerical simulation using a spongiosa model by pull-out and lever-out tests. In addition, the stress on the osseous cup cavity was determined in the finite-element analysis.

Results

All tested cup designs revealed higher fixation stability in the cortical bone model compared to the spongiosa model. The experimental tests did not show an increase of fixation stability with the conical cup profile in comparison to hemispherical cup profiles.

Conclusion

Therefore, cementless press-fit cups with conical cup profile do not provide a higher primary stability in comparison to hemispherical cups. Moreover, the stress on the bone cavity was lower inserting the hemispherical cup profiles in contrast to the conical profiles.