延期切开复位内固定术治疗高能量Pilon骨折的临床分析

[目的]评价延期切开复位内固定术治疗Ⅱ、Ⅲ型Pilon骨折的疗效及并发症发生率。[方法]回顾分析42例Pilon骨折患者,依据受伤至手术的时程长短将其分为A组及B组,并对患者疼痛、肿胀,功能康复以及骨折愈合等情况进行观察记录。[结果]A、B组胫骨远端关节面解剖复位率分别为57.1%和42.9%(P>0.05);A组踝关节功能明显优于B组(P<0.05);轻度软组织损伤术后并发症发生率小于重度(P<0.05);A组重度软组织损伤患者术后并发症发生率小于B组(P<0.05)。[结论]分步延期切开复位内固定术治疗Pilon骨折能有效的减少局部并发症并获得较好的踝关节功能。     

Meta接骨板治疗Pilon骨折的初步体会

[目的]探讨应用Meta接骨板治疗Pilon骨折的临床疗效.[方法]23例Pilon骨折按Ruedi-Allgower分型[1],其中Ⅰ型（劈裂骨折,骨折间移位轻微）2例,Ⅱ型（关节内骨折中度移位,但未粉碎）13例,Ⅲ型（Ⅱ型基础上有胫骨远端的粉碎和关节面的压缩）8例.采用切开复位强生Meta接骨板内固定治疗,术后早期行不负重的踝关节功能练习.[结果]术后随访18～24个月,踝关节功能根据Mazur标准评判[2],23例患者总优良率87%.并发症主要有：5例伤口浅表感染,3例发生踝关节创伤性关节炎.[结论]对于Ruedi-Allgower Ⅱ、Ⅲ型Pilon骨折,运用Meta接骨板治疗Pilon骨折可取得满意的疗效.     

经皮撬拨复位在Ⅱ、Ⅲ型Pilon骨折复位中的意义

目的 探讨经皮撬拨复位在内固定治疗Ⅱ、Ⅲ型Pilon骨折的临床意义.方法选取54例Ruedi-Allgower Ⅱ、Ⅲ型Pilon骨折患者,随机分为2组：A组29例,采用自行研制的骨撬拨器经皮对骨折撬拔复位后行切开内固定;B组25例,采用切开直视复位内固定术.以Mazur标准评判术后踝关节功能.结果 手术时间：A组1.5-3.0（2.4±0.3）h,B组2.0-3.5（2.8±0.4）h,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）.随访18-36（24.3±6.4）个月,骨折均一期愈合.A组骨折愈合时间为12-16（13.4±3.4）周,踝关节功能优15例,良9例,中3例,差2例,优良率24/29;B组骨折愈合时间12-18（15.2±3.5）周,踝关节功能优13例,良6例,中4例,差2例,优良率19/25;两组骨折愈合时间、踝关节功能优良率比较差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05）.A组3例、B组6例术后出现皮肤坏死、踝关节功能障碍,两组差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）.结论 采用撬拨复位Ⅱ、Ⅲ型Pilon骨折操作简单,具有保护骨折周围软组织及血供,缩短手术时间,减少并发症等优点,术后可获得良好踝关节功能.     

《中国骨伤》2007年第2期继续教育试题

以下是有关足踝损伤与疾病的选择题,有单选题和多选题,请选出正确答案的序号填在答题卡中。1·内翻暴力引起的踝关节损伤可有:A.内踝斜形骨折B.距骨向外脱位C.外踝撕脱性骨折D.下胫腓韧带断裂E.三角韧带断裂2·踝穴是由哪些构成的:A.前踝B.内踝C.外踝D.后踝E.距骨体3·踝关节骨折脱位常见的并发症:A.骨折不愈合B.骨坏死C.骨折畸形愈合D.创伤性关节炎E.以上都不是4·关于Pilon骨折的概念,不正确的是:A.腓骨完整,胫骨远端爆裂骨折波及踝关节面的骨折B.腓骨骨折,胫骨远端嵌压骨折未波及踝关节面的骨折C.腓骨完整,胫骨远端爆裂骨折未波…     

重度开放性Pilon骨折的治疗

目的 探讨重度开放性Pilon骨折的手术时机、手术方法选择及其对治疗效果的影响.方法 2003年4月至2008年7月收治开放性Pilon骨折患者21例,骨折按AO/OTA分类,均为C型,C2型17例,C3型4例;软组织损伤程度按照Gustilo标准,Ⅱ度18例,Ⅲ A度2例,Ⅲ B度1例.根据骨折类型、软组织损伤程度及受伤时间的不同采用两种不同的治疗方法,GustiloⅡ度C2型16例,GustiloⅡ度C3型2例,Gustilo ⅢA度C2型l例,采用创面清创胫骨有限内固定结合支架外固定术;GustiloⅢA度C3型1例,Gustilo ⅢB度C3型1例,采用创面清创跟骨牵引、延期手术.结果 所有患者术后获得6～48个月的随访,平均24个月.骨折复位情况影像学评估结果(Burwell-Charnley标准):解剖复位6例,复位一般14例,复位差1例.骨折全部愈合,愈合时间2.5～11个月,平均4.7个月,其中骨折延迟愈合2例,延迟愈合率9.5%.创面皮肤浅表坏死2例,浅表感染2例,深部感染1例,感染率14.3%.早期出现踝关节创伤性关节炎8例,发生率38.1%.按美国骨科协会足踝外科分会(American Orthopedic Foot Ankle Society,AOFAS)评分标准:评分为66～94分,平均85.2分.主要并发症包括皮肤、软组织坏死、感染,骨折延迟愈合,创伤性关节炎等.结论 治疗开放性Pilon骨折要根据骨折类型、软组织损伤程度及受伤时间的不同选择适当的手术时机和手术方式,正确评估软组织损伤情况、骨与软组织血运的保护是治疗关键.严格的清创、合理应用抗生素、酌情植骨、适时的功能锻炼可以减少并发症的发生.     

跨踝关节外固定架联合有限内固定治疗复杂开放性Pilon骨折疗效观察

目的探讨跨踝关节外固定架联合有限内固定治疗复杂开放性Pilon骨折的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析自2014-07—2018-05诊治的23例复杂开放性Pilon骨折,均采用跨踝关节外固定架联合有限内固定手术治疗,4例下胫腓联合分离者予以螺钉固定,11例合并腓骨骨折的开放性骨折采用从外踝尖置入克氏针闭合复位髓内固定,10例采用封闭负压引流技术治疗皮肤缺损。结果 23例均获得随访,随访时间平均13.5(5～26)个月。所有患者均达到骨性愈合,骨折临床愈合时间平均6.4(4～11)个月。影像学复位判断标准按Burwell-Charnley系统评价:9例解剖复位,14例良好复位。末次随访时有3例出现创伤性关节炎症状,4例出现踝关节僵硬。末次随访时踝关节功能按AOFAS评分系统评定:优7例,良12例,可3例,差1例,优良率为82.6%。结论采用跨踝关节外固定架联合有限内固定手术治疗复杂开放性Pilon骨折在达到骨折良好复位的同时降低了并发症发生率,具有创伤小、并发症少、骨折愈合满意等优点。     

严重Pilon骨折的手术治疗

目的探讨严重Pilon骨折的手术治疗的方法及其临床效果。方法自2006年8月至2011年8月共收治严重Pilon骨折患者189例,获得随访的76例患者中,骨折按AO／OTA分类,均为C型,其中C1型19例,C2型35例,C3型22例。合并腓骨骨折75例。开放性骨折9例,软组织损伤程度按Gustilo分型,9例均I型。开放性骨折急诊行清创缝合及跟骨牵引后等待延期手术。闭合性骨折人院后均行跟骨牵引后延期手术。延期手术均在踝部肿胀消退后进行,伤后至手术时间5～14d,平均7．2d。65例行骨折切开复位内侧钢板螺钉内固定术,其中11例加用前或后侧小钢板固定,21例加用螺钉固定。11例采用骨折有限切开固定加超关节外固定架固定。有腓骨骨折者先行腓骨内固定术。61例取自体髂骨植骨。结果76例患者获得随访,随访时间10～54个月,平均27个月,术后骨折复位情况影像学评估结果（Burwell—Chamley标准）：解剖复位33例,复位一般41例,复位差2例。骨折全部愈合,愈合时间12周-73周,平均17．6周,其中骨折延迟愈合9例。皮肤创面浅表坏死7例,浅表感染6例,深部感染2例。发生踝关节创伤性关节炎18例,按美国骨科协会足踝外科分会（AOFAS）评分标准：评分为47～95分,平均82．7分。结论根据骨折类型和软组织损伤程度,对严重Pilon骨折采用手术治疗,通过合理的固定及早期功能锻炼,能取得满意的疗效,有效减少并发症的发生。     

Ruedi-AllgowerⅢ型Pilon骨折两种手术方法疗效分析

目的对Ruedi-AllgowerⅢ型Pilon骨折采用有限内固定结合外固定架和切开复位内固定2种治疗方法进行比较。方法对98例Ruedi-AllgowerⅢ型Pilon骨折分别采用有限内固定结合外固定架(A组,42例)和切开复位内固定(B组,56例)治疗,比较两组手术时间、术中出血量、骨折愈合时间、并发症、Mazur功能评分及VAS疼痛评分。结果 A组手术时间比B组长,但术中出血较少和骨折愈合时间较短;术后第3天、1周VAS评分及末次随访时Mazur功能评分A组优于B组(P<0.05)。结论有限内固定结合外固定架治疗Ruedi-AllgowerⅢ型Pilon骨折具有出血少、疼痛缓解早、并发症少等优点。     

孟氏架辅助复位手术治疗Ruedi-Allgower Ⅲ型Pilon骨折

目的探讨应用孟氏架辅助复位手术治疗Ruedi-AllgowerⅢ型Pilon骨折的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析自2015-01—2017-06采用孟氏架辅助复位手术治疗的34例Ruedi-AllgowerⅢ型Pilon骨折,使用Burwell-Charnley复位评价系统评估骨折复位效果及踝关节功能AOFAS评分标准评价疗效。结果 34例均获得随访,随访时间平均15(12～18)个月。术后Burwell-Charnley评分:解剖复位29例,复位可4例,复位差1例。术后6个月踝关节功能AOFAS评分:优24例,良6例,可3例,差1例,优良率88.24%。结论术中应用孟氏架辅助复位手术治疗Ruedi-AllgowerⅢ型Pilon骨折取材简便,可操作性强,手术时间明显缩短,骨折复位程度及手术疗效明显提高,在临床有推广应用价值。     

闭合复位经皮空心螺钉内固定术治疗42例旋后-外旋型踝关节骨折效果观察

目的观察闭合复位经皮空心螺钉内固定术治疗旋后-外旋型踝关节骨折的效果。方法随机将2017-01—2018-06间鹿邑县人民医院收治的82例旋后-外旋型踝关节骨折患者分为2组,各42例。A组行常规切开复位内固定术,B组行闭合复位经皮空心螺钉内固定术。比较2组手术时间、术中出血量、住院时间、骨折愈合时间及术前、术后3个月、术后6个月踝关节AOFAS评分和不良反应发生率。结果 B组手术时间、术中出血量、住院时间、骨折愈合时间均优于A组,术后3个月和6个月AOFAS评分均高于A组,术后并发症发生率低于A组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论闭合复位经皮空心螺钉内固定治疗旋后-外旋型踝关节骨折,患者术后并发症少,踝关节功能恢复好。     

Perioperative and long-term morbidity and mortality after above-knee and below-knee amputations in diabetics and nondiabetics

We performed a retrospective review of a vascular surgery quality assurance database to evaluate the perioperative and long-term morbidity and mortality of above-knee amputations (AKA, n = 234) and below-knee amputations (BKA, n = 720) and to examine the effect of diabetes mellitus (DM) (181 of AKA and 606 of BKA patients). All patients in the database who had AKA or BKA from 1990 to May 2001 were included in the study. Perioperative 30-day cardiac morbidity and mortality and 3-yr and 10-yr mortality after AKA or BKA were assessed. The effect of DM on 30-day cardiac outcome was assessed by multivariate logistic regression and the effect on long-term survival was assessed by Cox regression analysis. The perioperative cardiac event rate (cardiac death or nonfatal myocardial infarction) was at least 6.8% after AKA and at most 3.6% after BKA. Median survival was significantly less after AKA (20 mo) than BKA (52 mo) (P < 0.001). DM was not a significant predictor of perioperative 30-day mortality (odds ratio, 0.76 [0.39-1.49]; P = 0.43) or 3-yr survival (Hazard ratio, 1.03 [0.86-1.24]; P = 0.72) but predicted 10-yr mortality (Hazard ratio, 1.34 [1.04-1.73]; P = 0.026). Significant predictors of the 30-day perioperative mortality were the site of amputation (odds ratio, 4.35 [2.56-7.14]; P < 0.001) and history of renal insufficiency (odds ratio, 2.15 [1.13-4.08]; P = 0.019). AKA should be triaged as a high-risk surgery while BKA is an intermediate-risk surgery. Long-term survival after AKA or BKA is poor, regardless of the presence of DM.     

Postoperative nausea and vomiting and opioid-induced nausea and vomiting: guidelines for prevention and treatment

Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) causes patient discomfort, lowers patient satisfaction, and increases care requirements. Opioid-induced nausea and vomiting (OINV) may also occur if opioids are used to treat postoperative pain. These guidelines aim to provide recommendations for the prevention and treatment of both problems. A working group was established in accordance with the charter of the Sociedad Espa?ola de Anestesiología y Reanimación. The group undertook the critical appraisal of articles relevant to the management of PONV and OINV in adults and children early and late in the perioperative period. Discussions led to recommendations, summarized as follows: 1) Risk for PONV should be assessed in all patients undergoing surgery; 2 easy-to-use scales are useful for risk assessment: the Apfel scale for adults and the Eberhart scale for children. 2) Measures to reduce baseline risk should be used for adults at moderate or high risk and all children. 3) Pharmacologic prophylaxis with 1 drug is useful for patients at low risk (Apfel or Eberhart 1) who are to receive general anesthesia; patients with higher levels of risk should receive prophylaxis with 2 or more drugs and baseline risk should be reduced (multimodal approach). 4) Dexamethasone, droperidol, and ondansetron (or other setrons) have similar levels of efficacy; drug choice should be made based on individual patient factors. 5) The drug prescribed for treating PONV should preferably be different from the one used for prophylaxis; ondansetron is the most effective drug for treating PONV. 6) Risk for PONV should be assessed before discharge after outpatient surgery or on the ward for hospitalized patients; there is no evidence that late preventive strategies are effective. 7) The drug of choice for preventing OINV is droperidol.     

Body composition assessment and methodology in nonathletic and athletic adolescent and adult males and females

The purpose of this review is to outline methodology for assessing body composition utilizing anthropometric and densitometric techniques. The objective of body composition assessment is to measure body fat and lean body mass. The quantity of these components varies due to growth, physical activity, dietary regimens, and aging. Anthropometric techniques incorporate selected skinfolds, circumferences, skeletal widths, or other variables to estimate body composition within k2.0-4.0%. These techniques are adequate for field testing of groups or individuals, but are population specific. Densitometry measures body volume irrespective of physique, sex, or age. This laboratory technique estimates body composition within 1.0-2.0%, is more difficult to administer, but is not population specific. Some limitation exists with any present technique due to biological variability and incomplete research of reference body composition in children, females, and the aged. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 1984;5(6):336-347.