高效液相色谱法测定盐酸氨溴索注射液的含量

目的:用HPLC法测定盐酸氨溴索注射液的含量.方法:采用Diamonsil-C18柱,室温下以0.04 mol·L-1醋酸盐缓冲液-甲醇-乙腈(30:40:30)为流动相,检测波长为247 nm.结果:盐酸氨溴索在5.0～100.8 mg·L-1范围内呈良性线形关系,r=0.999 9,平均回收率为100.1%,RSD为0.7%.结论:该方法专属性强、简便、重现性好、结果准确可靠.     

盐酸氨溴索片溶出度测定方法比较

目的:比较盐酸氨溴索片溶出度测定的两种不同方法。方法:分别采用HPLC及UV法测定。HPLC法采用KromasilC₁₈（250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm）色谱柱,流动相为0.1%庚烷磺酸钠和0.3%醋酸溶液-乙腈（70:30）,流速为1.0 ml·min^-1,检测波长245 nm,柱温40℃,进样50μl。UV采用盐酸溶液（9→1 000）为溶出介质,检测波长为244 nm。结果:HPLC法盐酸氨溴索质量浓度在1.507～15.07μg·ml^-1的浓度范围内线性关系良好（r=0.999 2）,平均回收率为100.3%,RSD为0.3%。UV法盐酸氨溴索质量浓度在1.521～15.21μg·ml^-1的浓度范围内线性关系良好（r=0.999 4）,平均回收率为99.6%,RSD为0.78%。结论:经方差分析,两种方法测定盐酸氨溴索片的溶出度差异有统计学意义（P<0.01）。使用HPLC法更为准确。     

HPLC法测定盐酸左旋咪唑片的含量及溶出度

目的:建立HPLC法测定盐酸左旋咪唑片的含量及溶出度.方法:盐酸左旋咪唑含量用HPLC法测定,溶出度测定照<中国药典>2005年版二部附录溶出度测定法第一法进行.结果:盐酸左旋咪唑平均回收率99.2%,RSD为0.6%(n=6)溶出量大于标示量的90%.结论:方法简便适用于盐酸左旋咪唑片的质量控制.     

高效液相色谱法测定盐酸氨溴索口服溶液中杂质B的含量

目的建立HPLC法测定盐酸氨溴索口服溶液中杂质B[反式-4-(6,8-二溴-四氢喹唑啉环己醇)盐酸盐]的含量。方法用Agilent TC-C18色谱柱,以乙腈-0.01 mol·L-1磷酸氢二铵(50:50)为流动相,UV检测波长为248 nm,室温下测定盐酸氨溴索口服溶液中杂质B的含量。结果杂质B在1.242 5⁴9.7μg·mL-1呈良好的线性关系,r=0.999 9,回收率为99.4%,RSD为0.86%(n=3)。结论该方法专属性,简单可行,为更好的控制盐酸氨溴索口服溶液质量提供参考。     

RP-HPLC法测定盐酸氨溴索口服液的含量

目的:采用RP-HPLC法测定盐酸氨溴索口服液的含量。方法:用Shim-pack CLC-ODS柱,以甲醇-水-冰醋酸(40:60:1)为流动相,UV检测波长为 244 nm,室温下测定盐酸氨溴索口服液含量。结果:盐酸氨溴索在 2～10μg·ml~(-1)范围内呈良好线性关系,r=0.999 9,回收率为99.8％,RSD为0.5％(n=5)。结论:方法专属性强、简便,能满足制剂质量标准的要求。     

HPLC 法测定盐酸氨溴索注射液中有关物质

目的采用HPLC法测定盐酸氨溴索注射液中的有关物质。方法采用Agela Venusil MPC18柱(250mm×4.6mm,5μm),以磷酸氢二铵缓冲液(pH4.0)-甲醇(40:60)为流动相,体积流量为1.0mL/min,检测波长为250nm,柱温:30℃。结果盐酸氨溴索和反式-4-[6,8-二溴-1,4-二氢喹唑啉-3(2H)]环己醇的最小检出限分别为15、30ng;杂质的线性范围为0.72～1.68μg/mL(r=0.9996),加样平均回收率为101.32%,RSD为0.92%(n=9)。结论该方法测定盐酸氨溴索注射液中的有关物质方法简便、准确、专属性强。     

HPLC测定罗红霉素盐酸氨溴索分散片中的两种主药

目的 建立同时测定罗红霉素盐酸氨溴索分散片中罗红霉素和盐酸氨溴索的方法.方法 采用HPLC法,色谱柱为Alltech Alltima C18 (250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm);柱温 35℃;流动相为5 mmol · L-1磷酸氢二氨(含5 mmol · L-1十二烷基硫酸钠和0.5%三乙胺,磷酸调pH5.0)-乙腈(58:42);流速 1.0 ml · min-1;检测波长210 nm;进样量20 μl.结果 罗红霉素的线性范围为1.5×10-3～4.5 mg · ml-1(r＝0.9999),日内RSD=0.3%,日间RSD为0.9%～1.5%,平均回收率为100.5%;盐酸氨溴索的线性范围为0.06～600 μg · ml-1(r＝0.9999),日内RSD=0.3%,日间RSD为0.9%～1.2%,平均回收率为100.8%(n=6).结论 所建方法简便快速,选择性好,精密度高,可控制罗红霉素盐酸氨溴索分散片的质量.     

复方氨溴索氯雷他定胶囊溶出度测定方法的研究

目的：建立HPLC法测定复方氨溴索氯雷他定胶囊中盐酸氨溴索和氯雷他定的溶出度方法。方法：以0.1mol/L盐酸溶液1 000 ml为溶出介质,转速为50 r/mi n,取样时间为20 min,以溶出度第二法（桨法）测定。采用KromasilC18（50 mm×4.6 mm,5μm）色谱柱,磷酸盐缓冲液-乙腈（1∶1）的流动相,检测波长为247 nm,柱温为室温。结果：盐酸氨溴索的线性方程Y=1.4×106X-2.298×104（r=0.999 7）,在6～36 mg/L浓度范围内线性良好,平均回收率为100.63%,RSD为0.7%;氯雷他定线性方程：Y=2.2×106X-9 278.9（r=0.999 9）,在1～6 mg/L浓度范围内线性关系均良好,平均回收率为99.60%,RSD为1.8%。结论：本方法准确可靠,适用于该制剂的质量控制。     

HPLC法测定盐酸土霉素的含量

采用 HPLC法测定盐酸土霉素的含量 ,样品平均回收率为 99.5 % ,RSD% =0 .8% (n=6 )。结果表明 ,该方法准确、灵敏、重现性好。     

HPLC法测定盐酸氨溴索分散片中盐酸氨溴索的含量

目的采用高效液相色谱法测定盐酸氨溴索分散片中盐酸氨溴索的含量。方法使用C18柱(大连依利特Hypersil ODS25μm,4.6mm×200mm),柱温:室温,流动相:以0.025mol.L-1磷酸二氢钾溶液(用磷酸调节pH值为3.0)∶乙腈(75∶25);流速1.0mL.min-1;检测波长244nm。结果采用高效液相色谱法测定盐酸氨溴索分散片中盐酸氨溴索的含量,线性范围为24.528～36.792μg.mL-1,r=0.9998;平均回收率分别为100.9%(RSD=0.5%)。结论用高效液相色谱法测定盐酸氨溴索分散片中盐酸氨溴索的含量,方法简便快速准确,能更好地控制产品质量。     

Synthesis,Cytotoxicity and Antileishmanial Activity of Some N-(2-(indol-3-yl)ethyl)-7-chloroquinolin-4-amines

We report herein the condensation of 4,7-dichloroquinoline (1) with tryptamine (2) and D-tryptophan methyl ester (3) . Hydrolysis of the methyl ester adduct (5) yielded the free acid (6) . The compounds were evaluated in vitro for activity against four different species of Leishmania promastigote forms and for cytotoxic activity against Kb and Vero cells. Compound (5) showed good activity against the Leishmania species tested, while all three compounds displayed moderate activity in both Kb and Vero cells.     

Efficacy of gut lavage,hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the therapy of paraquat or diquat intoxication

Clinical and in vitro investigations were carried out to test the efficacy of gut lavage, hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the treatment of poisoning with paraquat or diquat. In a patient suffering from diquat intoxication 130 times more diquat was removed by gut lavage 30 h after ingestion than was removed by complete aspiration of the gastric contents.Determination of in vitro clearances for paraquat and diquat by hemodialysis showed that, at serum concentrations of 1–2 ppm, such as are frequently encountered in poisoning in man, toxicologically relevant quantities of herbicide cannot be removed from the body. At a concentration of 20 ppm, on the other hand, hemodialysis proved to be effective, the clearance being 70 ml/min at a blood flow rate of 100 ml/min. The efficacy of hemoperfusion with coated activated charcoal was on the whole better. Especially at concentrations around 1–2 ppm, the clearance values for hemoperfusion were some 5–7 times higher than those for hemodialysis.In a patient suffering from paraquat poisoning, both hemodialysis as well as hemoperfusion were carried out. The in vitro results could be confirmed: At serum concentrations of paraquat less than 1 ppm no clearance could be obtained by hemodialysis while by hemoperfusion with activated charcoal quite high clearance values were measured and the serum level dropped down to zero.

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Zusammenfassung Klinische Untersuchungen und Laboratoriumsversuche wurden durchgeführt, um die Wirksamkeit von Darmspülung, Hämodialyse und Hämoperfusion bei Paraquat- und Deiquat-Vergiftungen zu prüfen.Bei einem Patienten wurde 30 Std nach Deiquat-Aufnahme durch Darmspülung 130mal mehr Deiquat entfernt als durch vollständige Aspiration des Mageninhaltes. In vitro-Versuche ergaben, daß bei Blutserumkonzentrationen von 1–2 ppm, die bei Vergiftungen oft gemessen werden, durch Hämodialyse keine toxikologisch relevanten Paraquat- oder Deiquat-Mengen entfernt werden können. Dagegen erwies sich die Hämodialyse bei 20 ppm und einer Blutumlaufgeschwindigkeit von 100 ml/min mit einer Clearance von 70 ml/min als wirksam. Die Hämoperfusion mit beschicheter Aktivkohle war in diesen Versuchen aber eindeutig überlegen, denn insbesondere bei Konzentrationen um 1–2 ppm waren die Clearance-Werte 5–7mal höher als bei der Hämodialyse.Die in vitro-Ergebnisse wurden bei einem Patienten mit einer Paraquat-Vergiftung bestätigt: Bei Konzentrationen unter 1 ppm war die Hämodialyse wirkungslos, während durch Hämoperfusion relativ hohe Clearance-Werte erreicht wurden, so daß der Serumspiegel rasch unter die Nachweisgrenze abfiel.

     

Lung disease and PKCs

The lung offers a rich opportunity for development of therapeutic strategies focused on isozymes of protein kinase C (PKCs). PKCs are important in many cellular responses in the lung, and existing therapies for pulmonary disorders are inadequate. The lung poses unique challenges as it interfaces with air and blood, contains a pulmonary and systemic circulation, and consists of many cell types. Key structures are bronchial and pulmonary vessels, branching airways, and distal air sacs defined by alveolar walls containing capillaries and interstitial space. The cellular composition of each vessel, airway, and alveolar wall is heterogeneous. Injurious environmental stimuli signal through PKCs and cause a variety of disorders. Edema formation and pulmonary hypertension (PHTN) result from derangements in endothelial, smooth muscle (SM), and/or adventitial fibroblast cell phenotype. Asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and lung cancer are characterized by distinctive pathological changes in airway epithelial, SM, and mucous-generating cells. Acute and chronic pneumonitis and fibrosis occur in the alveolar space and interstitium with type 2 pneumocytes and interstitial fibroblasts/myofibroblasts playing a prominent role. At each site, inflammatory, immune, and vascular progenitor cells contribute to the injury and repair process. Many strategies have been used to investigate PKCs in lung injury. Isolated organ preparations and whole animal studies are powerful approaches especially when genetically engineered mice are used. More analysis of PKC isozymes in normal and diseased human lung tissue and cells is needed to complement this work. Since opposing or counter-regulatory effects of selected PKCs in the same cell or tissue have been found, it may be desirable to target more than one PKC isozyme and potentially in different directions. Because multiple signaling pathways contribute to the key cellular responses important in lung biology, therapeutic strategies targeting PKCs may be more effective if combined with inhibitors of other pathways for additive or synergistic effect. Mechanisms that regulate PKC activity, including phosphorylation and interaction with isozyme-specific binding proteins, are also potential therapeutic targets. Key isotypes of PKC involved in lung pathophysiology are summarized and current and evolving therapeutic approaches to target them are identified.     

In vitro studies on sterically stabilized liposomes (SL) as enzyme carriers in organophosphorus (OP) antagonism

This study describes a new approach for organophosphorous (OP) antidotal treatment by encapsulating an OP hydrolyzing enzyme, OPA anhydrolase (OPAA), within sterically stabilized liposomes. The recombinant OPAA enzyme was derived from Alteromonas strain JD6. It has broad substrate specificity to a wide range of OP compounds: DFP and the nerve agents, soman and sarin. Liposomes encapsulating OPAA (SL)* were made by mechanical dispersion method. Hydrolysis of DFP by (SL)* was measured by following an increase of fluoride ion concentration using a fluoride ion selective electrode. OPAA entrapped in the carrier liposomes rapidly hydrolyze DFP, with the rate of DFP hydrolysis directly proportional to the amount of (SL)* added to the solution. Liposomal carriers containing no enzyme did not hydrolyze DFP. The reaction was linear and the rate of hydrolysis was first order in the substrate. This enzyme carrier system serves as a biodegradable protective environment for the recombinant OP-metabolizing enzyme, OPAA, resulting in prolongation of enzymatic concentration in the body. These studies suggest that the protection of OP intoxication can be strikingly enhanced by adding OPAA encapsulated within (SL)* to pralidoxime and atropine.     

Gender-related symptoms and correlates of alcohol dependence among men and women with a lifetime diagnosis of alcohol use disorders

This study explored gender-related symptoms and correlates of alcohol dependence in a crosssectional study of 150 men and 150 women with a lifetime diagnosis of alcohol use disorders (AUD). Participants were recruited in equal numbers from treatment settings, correctional centres and the general community. Standardized measures were used to determine participants' use of substances, history of psychiatric disorders and psychosocial stress, their sensation seeking and family history of substance use and mental health disorders. Multivariate analyses were used to detect patterns of variables associated with gender and the lifetime severity of AUD. Men had a longer history of severe AUD than women. Women had similar levels of alcohol dependence and medical and psychological sequelae as men, despite 6 fewer years of AUD. More women than men had a history of severe psychosocial stress, severe dependence on other substances and antecedent mental health problems, especially mood and anxiety disorders. There were differences in family history of alcohol-related problems approximating same-gender aggregation. The severity of a lifetime AUD was predicted by its earlier age at onset and the occurrence of other disorders, especially anxiety, among both men and women. The limitations in the generalizability of these findings due to sample idiosyncrasies are discussed.