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目的 总结6例短肠综合征病人肠管倒置手术失败的教训，强调合理选择手术适应证的重要性和必要性，提出短肠综合征合理的治疗策略，方法 回顾性分析6例短肠综合征病人，均在外院接受肠管倒置手术，除1例为结肠倒置外，其余均为小肠倒置，倒置肠管长度从10～50cm不等，5例小肠倒置手术均在广泛肠切除的同时进行，术后1例出现吻合口瘘，4例出现肠梗阻。结果 1例病人因肝功能衰竭于术后5年死亡，1例病人放弃治疗，1例行肠瘘及倒置小肠切除治愈，2例行倒置肠管切除治愈，1例行倒置肠管复位治愈。治愈病人依靠普通饮食和部分肠内营养支持维持正常营养状况。结论 短肠综合征病人应首选肠康复治疗和小肠移植。只有极少数病人适宜进行肠倒置手术，手术时倒置肠管不应超过10cm，手术时机应在广泛肠切除2年以后进行．手术时应注意倒置肠管的血液供应，避免肠缺血。     

十字缝合技术用于肠造口还纳手术的临床分析

目的总结十字缝合技术在肠造口还纳手术中的应用体会。方法接受双腔造口还纳手术22例,采用十字缝合技术。距离造口边缘0.2 cm横行连续缝合皮肤,关闭造口;游离肠管,行肠吻合后,肠管还纳入腹腔,连续缝合腹直肌鞘;可吸收缝线环形缝合皮下脂肪组织,打结时保留1 cm孔隙;标记0、3、6、9点4个位点,将4个位点造口边缘皮肤提拉到造口中心,在提拉后的皮肤上标记提拉前皮肤边缘的所处位置,三角形切除标记点到造口边缘的皮肤,可吸收缝线缝合皮肤边缘4个点的皮下组织,收紧打结,中央保留0.5 cm小孔,放置引流条。2-0可吸收缝线间断缝合切口。结果平均术中失血量20 ml(10～40 ml),平均手术时间70分钟(60～90分钟),平均术后住院时间6.5天(5～8天)。22例病人中,仅1例术后第2天发生切口感染,感染率4.5%。切口愈合平均时间17天(14～22天)。术后平均随访14个月(10～21个月),病人对切口美容效果平均满意度9分(6～10分)。结论十字缝合技术能够降低切口张力,缩短切口愈合和住院时间,术后美容效果满意,不增加手术时间和术后疼痛,可安全、有效用于肠造口还纳。     

结肠造口还纳手术时机及术式的探讨

目的 探讨结肠造口术后还纳术的手术时机、术式及技巧。方法 对1989～2000年8月38例结肠造口还纳术病例进行回顾性分析。结果 单纯袢式造口还纳手术16例,肠切除吻合术22例,平均手术时间2.1 h,并发症发生率10.5％,无死亡。结论 造瘘口还纳手术时机应个体化,术前充分准备、合理选择术式是降低并发症及病死率的关键。     

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目的 探讨针对争性肠系膜静脉血栓形成不同程度肠缺血病变的最佳手术治疗方式。方法 6例急腹症经影像学检查术前诊断为急性肠系膜静脉血栓形成。所有病人手术探查,依肠管不同缺血程度,对淤血性病变和坏死性病变各3例,分别实行肠系膜务栓除术和肠切除术,围手术期抗凝治疗。结果 3例肠切除者治愈;3例肠系膜静脉血栓切除者2例治愈,1例结肠受累者因结肠动力性肠阻、穿孔而再作右半结肠切除术治愈。随访8个月至6年无复发。结论 以血栓切除术和肠切除手术分别治疗急性肠系膜静脉血栓形成所致的肠淤血和肠坏死。并辅以抗凝治疗是提高生存率、降低病死率的合理而有效方案。     

升结肠回盲部肿瘤侵犯乙状结肠22例治疗体会

目的总结升结肠回盲部肿瘤侵犯乙状结肠的治疗经验。方法升结肠回盲部肿瘤侵犯乙状结肠22例,术前诊断明确7例,其余均为术中明确诊断,急诊手术11例(占50.0%),均行多发结肠肿瘤肠段切除术,其中一期吻合5例,预防性小肠造口11例,降结肠造口6例,包括右侧输尿管部分切除5例,肉眼达到R0根治性切除21例,1例因右侧髂内血管侵犯行姑息性肿瘤切除。结果术后患者恢复好,无死亡患者,无肠漏及吻合口漏。预防性小肠造口患者于术后1个月余行造口还纳手术,3例降结肠造口患者于术后半年行造口还纳术,另有3例随访无异常。结论升结肠回盲部肿瘤侵犯乙状结肠患者行根治性肿瘤切除,可提高患者生存率及生活质量,采用多肠段切除一期吻合或预防性小肠造口是一种合理的手术方式,如必须行结肠造口术时,需为二次手术创造条件。     

肠道暂时性造口与还纳方式及适应证选择90例分析

目的探讨肠造口方式对还纳手术的影响及造口还纳手术适应证的把握。方法选择2004年1月至2010年12月肠造口还纳手术的患者90例,统计分析造口原因、造口肠段和方法、造口方式、还纳时间、手术方式、手术时间、术后并发症及住院时间等。结果端式造口59例(其中单腔造口39例,双腔造口20例),袢式造口31例(其中改进式袢式造口18例),端式造口还纳手术时间显著长于袢式造口还纳手术(P<0.05)。手法吻合72例,吻合器吻合18例;端端吻合50例,端侧吻合40例;共发生近期并发症8例,发生率为8.9%,是否使用器械与使用不同吻合方式其并发症发生率无差别。结论暂时性肠造口应尽量选择袢式造口,尤其是改进式袢式造口;肠造口还纳术前应充分检查排除远端肠道狭窄或损伤处未愈合,造口术后3～6个月可行还纳手术,可以根据需要选择端端或端侧吻合、手法或吻合器吻合。     

动脉注药泵在治疗肠系膜静脉血栓形成中的应用

目的：探讨动脉注药泵在治疗肠系膜静脉血栓形成（MVT）中的应用价值。方法：从回结肠动脉置管至肠系膜上动脉根部，术中经导管注射解痉，抗凝溶栓药物。若血栓溶解，肠管色泽恢复正常，置泵体于腹部皮下，若肠管明显坏死，先切除坏死肠管后管注药，术后用微量泵经动脉注药泵持续注射抗凝药物治疗。结果：本组6例MVT中2例术中溶栓成功，受累小肠血运恢复，另4例均是先切除坏死肠管后，置注药泵抗凝，其中2例病人分别于术后4，7个月死于短肠综合征，另2例病人恢复顺利，随访1－6年，无1例复发。结论：应用动脉注药泵治疗MVT，能成功地溶栓，并可预防术后血栓复发，可作为MVT的辅助治疗。     

顺蠕动侧侧肠吻合和功能性端端肠吻合在Crohn's病消化道重建中的应用

目的比较顺蠕动侧侧肠吻合和功能性端端吻合方式在Crohn's病(Crohn's disease,CD)肠管切除后消化道重建中的应用效果。方法回顾性分析2017年3月～2019年10月接受肠切除手术的CD病人的消化道重建方式及临床、随访资料。结果 72例CD病人接受肠管吻合78次,其中顺蠕动侧-侧肠吻合(side-to-side isoperistaltic anastomosis,SSIA)63次(小肠-小肠44次,小肠-结肠10次,结肠-结肠9次),功能性端-端肠吻合(functional end-to-end anastomosis,FEEA)15次(小肠-小肠4次,小肠-结肠7次,结肠-结肠4次)。吻合口近端肠管造口7例。SSIA完成时间(32±14)分钟,FEEA完成时间(19±6)分钟,接受SSIA的病人术后住院时间7～14天(平均9.1天);接受FEEA的病人术后住院时间8～15天(平均8.7天)。术后随访30天。1例接受FEEA+近端造口的病人发生吻合口漏。两种吻合方式均无吻合口狭窄发生。结论 SSIA和FEEA均适用于CD肠管切除术后的消化道重建。但在肠系膜肥厚或横结肠及左半结肠的吻合选择SSIA可能更有优势。     

腹腔镜在肠造口中的应用

目的:探讨腹腔镜下肠造口的可行性和安全性.方法:2008年7月至2010年7月施行腹腔镜肠造口术33例,术后8例行造口还纳术.结果:单腔造口26例,双腔造口7例.结肠造口29例,小肠造口4例.造口时间35～94min,平均60min;术中出血5～20ml,平均10ml.33例术后随访1～12个月,无造口狭窄、回缩等并发...     

腹腔镜直肠乙状结肠手术中近端肠管血运障碍的原因分析（附17例报告）

目的 探讨腹腔镜直肠乙状结肠手术中出现近端肠管血运障碍的原因。方法 2009年10月～2013年10月311例腹腔镜直肠乙状结肠手术中,出现吻合口近端肠管血运改变17例,采取温生理盐水湿敷,0.5％普鲁卡因溶液5～10ml做系膜封闭,或将可疑肠管标记后还纳入腹腔等保守治疗措施。结果 吻合口近端肠管血运障碍原因：3例结肠系膜血管解剖变异,14例手术操作不当。12例肠管血运恢复正常,5例仍然出现近端肠管缺血性坏死,行坏死肠段切除术。17例术后均未发生吻合口出血、坏死或吻合口漏等并发症。术后无任何不适,半年后复查肠镜：吻合口直径、颜色,肠壁血运均正常。9例加做保护性造口,术后6个月行造口还纳术,术后肠道功能正常。结论 腹腔镜直肠乙状结肠手术中近端肠管血运障碍与结肠系膜血管的解剖学因素及手术操作不当有关。     

Mesenteric vascular occlusion resulting in intestinal necrosis in children

PURPOSE: The records of 4 patients who had necrotic bowel secondary to acute mesenteric vascular occlusion affecting various levels of mesenteric vasculature were reviewed to determine the clinical manifestations, diagnostic investigations, predisposing factors, complications, and outcome of mesenteric vascular thrombosis in children. METHODS: The medical records of the patients (3 boys, 1 girl) treated between 1981 and 1996, inclusive, for bowel infarction secondary to mesenteric vascular thrombosis, were reviewed with regard to signs and symptoms, laboratory tests, radiological investigations, surgical findings, histopathologic examinations, and outcome. RESULTS: The ages of the patients ranged between 1 and 14 years with a mean age of 8.2 years. Initial symptoms, present in all patients, were abdominal pain, abdominal distension, and tenderness. Laboratory and radiological findings including abdominal radiographs and abdominal ultrasonography were nondiagnostic. Selective superior mesenteric angiography showed complete obliteration of the superior mesenteric artery with absence of venous return in 1 case. Three patients with massive intestinal necrosis died of multiorgan failure or the complications of short bowel syndrome. Histological examination of the resected intestinal segments showed the typical findings of polyarteritis nodosa in 2 patients. One patient had a previous history of right femoral vein thrombosis, whereas 1 patient had no known underlying disorders predisposing vascular thrombosis. CONCLUSIONS: Mesenteric vascular occlusion is a rare but serious disease leading to death in children. The patients present with similar clinical signs, most frequent and important are acute abdominal pain, vomiting, and distension. Mesenteric vascular occlusion is a rare cause of acute abdomen in childhood, which requires urgent diagnosis and intervention. In suspected mesenteric vascular insufficiency, angiography should be performed followed by intraarterial thrombolytic infusion therapy in selected cases. When intestinal infarction is suspected, immediate surgical resection of compromised bowel is necessary with appropriate postoperative anticoagulation or treatment of any underlying disease.     

Mesenteric vascular disease

In a patient with acute abdominal pain, the diagnosis of acute mesenteric vascular disease should be suspected immediately if there is a history of previous embolization, atrial fibrillation, or generalized atherosclerosis. Supportive therapy should be instituted promptly and should include treatment for congestive heart failure, hypotension, and dehydration. Heparin should be given intravenously to prevent extension of the occlusion. Angiography is essential in selecting those patients with superior mesenteric artery occlusion who should undergo immediate operation. At surgery, scanning of the revascularized intestine after aortic injection of ⁹⁹Te-labeled microspheres permits immediate determination of intestinal viability. If angiography demonstrates patency of the superior mesenteric artery, nonocclusive arteriosclerotic disease, venous thrombosis, or inferior mesenteric ischemic colitis is suspected and further supportive therapy and close observation are given. If abdominal findings progress to include peritonitis, laparotomy with intestinal resection is performed in any of these groups. Patients found to have an embolus are carefully evaluated for later corrective cardiac surgery. Patients with extensive atherosclerosis who recover from an acute episode are considered for subsequent elective bypass to avoid future ischemic episodes. This program is clinically practical and offers the hope of greater salvage of patients with decreased operative risk in a disease that has thus far yielded poor clinical results.     

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??Prevention and management of intestinal complications after mesenteric occlusive disease surgery ZHU Wei-ming, GU Li-li. Department of General Surgery, Nanjing General Hospital of Nanjing Military Region, Nanjing 210002, China
Corresponding author: ZHU Wei-ming, E-mail:juwiming@126.com
Abstract Mesenteric occlusive disease is one of the most important causes of massive intestinal resection. The range of intestinal necrosis may vary depending on the severity and management of the disease. The one stage resection and anastomosis should be used with caution to avoid ischemia and continuing necrosis of the remnant intestine, which may bring about high morbidity and mortality. Damage control surgery with emergency resection of the necrotic intestine and thrombolectomy is the main task of 1st stage operation, after which anticoagulation, thrombolysis and antioxidation therapy together with fluid resuscitation should be followed. Definite surgery should be performed when patients are hemodynamically stable and intestinal viability ensured, which usually occur in 24-48h. Relaparotomy for ischemic intestinal anastomosis is very difficult technically demanding comprehensive perioperative preparation. Special care should be given to avoid further damage to the residue intestine to result in short bowel syndrome.     

A case of mesenteric panniculitis, resulting in short intestine syndrome after massive surgical resection of the ileum

A case of mesenteric panniculitis occurring with recurrent intestinal occlusion is reported. To resolve the serious occlusive condition, a massive intestinal resection had to be carried out, leaving the patient with a short intestine syndrome.     

Segmental Intestinal Preservation and Enteral Nutrition Help to Maintain the Intestinal Function After a Massive Intestinal Resection: Report of a Case

We report a case in which both segmental intestinal preservation and enteral nutrition helped to maintain the intestinal function after a massive bowel resection for superior mesenteric artery (SMA) thrombosis. A 53-year-old Japanese man was admitted to our hospital with acute abdomen. Extensive necrosis of the small intestine was found during the operation; however, a loop of the ileum appeared to be viable. A massive resection of the small intestine which preserved a 50-cm length of the viable ileum loop was thus performed. However, diffuse stenosis of the remaining ileum was found after surgery. An end-to-end anastomosis of the distal end of the preserved ileum loop and the terminal ileum was made in the second operation, and enteral nutrition was infused to improve the remnant intestinal function. A jejunoileostomy was performed in the final operation. An X-ray study after the final operation showed the stenosis of the remaining ileum to have improved. The patient therefore did not need any nutritional support after being discharged. Received: December 5, 2000 / Accepted: May 15, 2001     

The acute mesenteric ischemia - not understood or incurable?

PURPOSE: Despite surgical research and progress, the high mortality of acute intestinal ischemia seems to be improved insignificantly over the past fifty years. In this study we analyzed the specific diagnostic and therapeutic problems of the disease in order to improve further management of acute mesenteric ischemia. Methods: From 1979 until 2000 64 patients (female 31, male 33) with a mean age of 64 (30-89) years underwent operation for primary intestinal ischemia at our institution. All medical and surgical records and imaging studies were reviewed retrospectively. Follow up consisted of clinical examination and duplex sonography. RESULTS: Only in 26 patients (41 %) a preoperative diagnostic work-up including angiography 12 and CT 14 was performed, whereas in 42 cases the intestinal ischemia was diagnosed during surgical exploration. Intestine malperfusion was caused primarily by venous thrombosis in 9 cases (14 %) and by arterial occlusive disease in 55 cases (86 %). Arterial disorders consisted of arterial thrombosis in 19 cases (30 %), arterial embolism in 18 cases (28 %), aortic or mesenteric artery dissection in 10 cases (15 %), non occlusive disease (NOD) in 5 cases (8 %), trauma 3 cases (5 %). Five different therapeutic strategies were applied: group I: Intestinal resection: 24 patients, anastomotic insufficiency 5 (39 %), mortality 11 (46 %), group II: intestinal artery revascularization: 5 patients, secondary patency rate 80 %, mortality 40 %, GROUP III: Intestinal artery revacularization and perfusion with Ringer's solution: 11 patients, mortality 8 (73 %), group IV intestinal artery revascularization and intestinal resection: 3 patients, mortality 100 %, group V intestinal artery revascularization and perfusion and intestinal resection: 3 patients, mortality 33 %. A second look operation was performed in 29 cases (40 %) and displayed malperfusion in 72 %. Only 21 of 64 patients survived the acute intestinal ischemia (in hospital mortality was 67 %). Delayed diagnostic and operation caused higher mortality (interval 10 hours: mortality 59 %, interval 37 hours mortality; 71 %, p = 0,06). Follow up after 61 (4-72) months of 21 patients (100 %) could be achieved. Ten patients (48 %) had meanwhile died, 5 patients (50) % as consequence of mesenteric ischemia, the others of unrelated reasons. Eleven patients are still alive without clinical signs of intestinal ischemia. CONCLUSIONS: Early diagnosis before hospitalisation and in-hospital (arteriography) and operation are essential to improve the outcome of patients with acute intestinal ischemia. To avoid short bowel syndrome bowel resection should be combined with mesenteric revascularization. Resection of malperfused bowel should be done cautiously and should be followed automatically by second look operations. Special expertise and good team work of visceral and vascular surgeons are required to achieve better therapeutic results.     

Revascularization in treatment of mesenteric infarction.

This study compares results of primary revascularization with primary intestinal resection in treatment of acute mesenteric artery occlusion in 48 surgical patients. All cases were verified by surgical exploration, angiography or autopsy. Fifteen occlusions were caused by mesenteric thrombosis and 33 by superior mesenteric artery embolization. Primary revascularization was done in 6 of 15 patients with arteriosclerotic mesenteric thrombosis. Total bowel salvage was achieved in 4 patients but no patient with mesenteric thrombosis treated by any method survived long term. Primary embolectomy was done in 11 patients with superior mesenteric artery embolization. Ttoal bowel salvage was achieved in 8 patients. Three of 11 patients died. Primary exploration and/or resection was done in 11 patients; 9 died. All 11 umoperated patients died. A continuation of attempts at mesenteric revascularization is advocated.     

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??Surgery of acute mesenteric artery embolism??the earlier the better XIN Shi-jie??WANG Lei. Department of Vascular and Thyroid Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001??China
Corresponding author??XIN Shi-jie??E-mail??xinshijie1963@aliyun.com
Abstract Acute mesenteric artery embolism (AMAE) is a clinically rarely acute severe vascular surgical disease??usually caused by emboli or thrombosis??partially caused by arteriosclerosis. Acute onset??rapid progression??misdiagnosed and high mortality are the main features of the disease. Such patients have a complex underlying disease??short-term occurrence of section or all of the small intestine dysfunction or necrosis is the main reason for poor prognosis. Early diagnosis and early medical or surgery intervention to remove the superior mesenteric artery occlusion state and restore intestinal blood flow??and conserve not necrotic bowel as much as possible is to reduce mortality and improve quality of life of patients. Long-term clinical work confirmed that occasion of open surgery for AMAE was generally partial late??and efficacy of endovascular treatment is less than satisfactory. It should encourage surgeon to grasp surgery gold points??perform more active and effective treatment of AMAE in order to make patient avoid suffering from a large area of intestinal necrosis and hazard multiple organ dysfunction then seek surgery.     

小肠移植术后慢性移植物失功1例报道及文献复习

目的探讨小肠移植术后慢性移植物失功(chronic graft dysfunction,CGD)的诊断及治疗。方法报道国内首例同种异体小肠移植患者术后CGD的临床资料,复习相关文献。结果患者因"门静脉血栓、脾静脉血栓致肠系膜血栓"切除了大部分小肠,后行同种异体小肠移植术。术后长期服用他克莫司(FK506),屡次发生排斥反应。术后3次因"小肠狭窄、不全性肠梗阻"行"小肠节段切除吻合术"。其中术后576d第3次出现肠梗阻,予经皮内镜下胃空肠造瘘术胃肠减压等治疗,确定移植肠不可逆性失功后行移植小肠切除术。结论 CGD治疗困难,预后不佳,预防胜于治疗。在确诊CGD不可逆后应尽快切除移植小肠,挽救患者生命,有条件应尽快安排再次移植。