耳内镜下外耳道“锁孔”技术处理累及乳突的中耳胆脂瘤的初步实践

目的本文旨在探索耳内镜手术中的“锁孔”技术在中耳胆脂瘤手术中的临床应用价值。方法2017年1月至2018年12月间收治的65名单侧中耳胆脂瘤患者,27例患者术前的颞骨CT提示低密度影及骨质破坏局限于上鼓室,鼓窦和乳突区域未见异常;38例患者术前的颞骨CT显示上鼓室内形成的低密度影像,存在骨质破坏,而鼓窦及乳突内也存在类似的低密度影像,难以确定病变是否累及乳突腔。术中耳内镜下经耳道“锁孔”技术早期探查上鼓室、鼓窦和后方的乳突腔内的空间,确定胆脂瘤范围,修正手术方案、优化手术策略。结果术前通过颞骨薄层CT显示的胆脂瘤仅局限于上鼓室的27例患者中,其中17例患者的影像学病变范围与“锁孔”技术探查结果吻合;另外10例病变累及鼓窦及乳突。术前38例患者的影像学显示上鼓室胆脂瘤可能累及鼓窦和乳突,术中通过“锁孔”技术验证,29例为上鼓室胆脂瘤侵及乳突;9例为堵塞形成的黏膜增厚及肉芽组织等非胆脂瘤病变。患者术后随访时间均超过了2年,随访方式为耳内镜及颞骨CT,8例患者的鼓窦及乳突区存在可疑软组织影,进行了便捷的内镜下“锁孔”的探查,鼓窦及乳突区未见胆脂瘤复发,软组织影为增厚黏膜及肉芽。结论在耳内镜下经外耳道径路,可结合持续灌流模式,在耳道后上壁快速开放直径4-6mm的骨窗,通过“锁孔”可以早期明确和判断中耳胆脂瘤累及乳突、鼓窦、上鼓室的病变范围,有利于修正手术方式,减少不必要的骨质磨除,更利于微创的实现和便于手术中耳道重建。     

灌流模式软骨膜-软骨-软骨膜复合体重建上鼓室外侧壁的临床应用

目的 探讨耳内镜灌流模式下应用软骨膜-软骨-软骨膜复合体重建上鼓室外侧壁在上鼓室胆脂瘤(包含外耳道胆脂瘤和中耳胆脂瘤)手术中的临床治疗效果。方法 回顾性分析纳入研究的29例患者(外耳道胆脂瘤14例,中耳胆脂瘤15例),其上鼓室全部被胆脂瘤侵犯破坏,彻底清除上鼓室及听骨链病变后,应用耳内镜在灌流模式下选取耳屏或耳甲腔软骨膜-软骨-软骨膜复合体重建上鼓室外侧壁。结果 术前气导听力(42.51±3.55)dBHL,术后3个月为(26.22±5.12)dBHL;术前气骨导差(28.67±6.31)dBHL,术后3个月为(13.11±6.56)dBHL,经比较差异均具有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。术后定期随访,出现耳鸣5例,眩晕3例,内陷袋1例,人工听骨赝复物脱出1例,外耳道狭窄3例,鼓膜穿孔1例;耳鸣、耳闷、眩晕经对症处理后症状消失,内陷袋及人工听骨赝复物脱出的患者听力改善尚可,继续观察随访;鼓膜穿孔及外耳道狭窄再次行手术处理后痊愈。结论 耳内镜灌流模式下软骨膜-软骨-软骨膜复合体在清除胆脂瘤后,重建上鼓室外侧壁,可有效恢复中耳鼓室解剖结构,显著提高患者术后听力,促进患者术后恢复,降低...     

耳内切口耳内镜联合显微镜中耳手术

目的探讨耳内切口耳内镜联合显微镜中耳手术,治疗慢性中耳炎及中耳胆脂瘤的手术分组方式、手术特点及治疗效果。方法189例(195耳)慢性中耳炎及中耳胆脂瘤,根据颞骨CT检查所见分3组进行耳内切口耳内镜联合显微镜中耳手术,1组:上鼓室开放术;2组:上鼓室-鼓窦开放术;3组:上鼓室-鼓窦-乳突开放术。于术中对各组中耳病变情况、胆脂瘤侵犯范围、手术实际开放范围进行观察记录,与术前手术分组结果进行对比。并观察患耳听力恢复情况、复发情况及干耳情况。结果术前手术分组与术中所见的总符合率95.9%(187/195)。患耳术后反应较轻、恢复快,术后随访半年至1年,无胆脂瘤复发及继发鼓膜穿孔、流脓。161耳进行了听力重建,术后听力改善有效率97.06%(156/161)。结论耳内切口耳内镜联合显微镜中耳手术,分组方法简单、可靠,尽可能的减少了中耳手术磨骨量,又能有效地清理中耳病变、提高听力,使中耳手术更趋个体化、精准化、微创化。     

耳内镜下经耳道入路治疗局限性上鼓室胆脂瘤

目的介绍耳内镜下经耳道入路上鼓室切开重建技术治疗局限性上鼓室胆脂瘤。方法回顾性分析2015年1月~2017年03月间单纯用耳内镜完成的上鼓室胆脂瘤病例,重点介绍手术适应症和手术技术。结果以胆脂瘤病变范围在鼓窦入口以前、未向后越过外半规管凸为标准,共21例患者纳入本研究。手术关键为切开盾板,清除鼓室内胆脂瘤病变,用软骨或软骨-软骨膜复合体重建外耳道。所有患者术后未发生面瘫、脑膜炎、迷路炎及感音性耳聋等并发症,未见胆脂瘤复发。结论耳内镜下经耳道入路上鼓室切开重建技术是有别于传统显微镜手术的另一选择,手术创伤小,且能减少胆脂瘤复发,是值得推广的手术方法。     

内镜耳道入路手术和显微镜耳后开放手术治疗中耳胆脂瘤疗效分析CSCD

目的探讨内镜耳道入路手术和显微镜耳后入路开放手术治疗中耳胆脂瘤的疗效。方法回顾性分析2019年1月~2021年6月在江苏省苏北人民医院接受手术的49例(49耳)中耳胆脂瘤患者的临床资料,采用传统显微镜耳后入路开放手术(开放手术组)25例,采用耳内镜外耳道入路手术(内镜手术组)24例,评估内镜耳道入路手术和显微镜耳后入路开放手术与治疗相关的手术时间、并发症和复发之间的关系。结果开放手术组和内镜手术组的人口统计学、疾病特征、并发症、复发率间均无显著差异(P均>0.05)。开放手术组和内镜手术组手术时间有显著差异,内镜手术组用时更少,更具优势(t=7.15,P<0.05)。结论内镜下耳道入路是治疗中耳胆脂瘤的有效方法,由经验丰富的外科医师进行操作,其疗效与传统的显微镜耳后切开入路相似,用时更少。     

硬质耳内镜在胆脂瘤中耳炎手术治疗中的应用

目的探讨耳内镜在胆脂瘤中耳炎手术治疗中的作用。方法2003—2005年的中耳胆脂瘤患者43例43耳,应用硬性耳内镜协助下行乳突根治 Ⅰ期鼓室成形术,并在耳内镜下随访2年以上(平均2.211±0.323年)。结果术后1.5～3月干耳40例,鼓膜色泽正常。2例内陷袋形成,术后1年经耳内镜手术探查,发现为中耳粘连导致上中鼓室通气不畅。1例术后0.5年因患耳流脓再次手术,为修补之鼓膜与鼓窦口上皮粘连,后鼓室有孤立胆固醇肉芽肿,清除粘连及病变组织后2月干耳。随访测听结果:听力提高10～20dB21耳,21～30dB15耳,>30dB4耳,<10dB3耳。结论耳内镜能够弥补耳显微镜的不足,辅助清除中耳病灶以增加手术成功率。     

耳内镜下儿童中耳胆脂瘤的处理及疗效分析

目的 探讨耳内镜下经耳道径路切除儿童中耳胆脂瘤的手术适应证及临床疗效，为该类疾病的处理提供临床参考。方法 回顾性分析2017年9月-2020年10月上海交通大学医学院耳科学研究所耳内镜下经耳道径路处理的20例中耳胆脂瘤患儿临床资料，患者年龄3~14岁，平均年龄为（7±0.5）岁。根据术前影像学评估，病变范围均在中耳范围内，手术方案为耳内镜经耳道径路中耳切除胆脂瘤，对于听骨链破坏者同期行人工听骨链重建。分析患者术后的临床疗效。结果 结合病史、耳内镜检查、术前CT及术中发现，20例患者中18例（90%）为先天性胆脂瘤，其中Potsic II期3例，Potsic III期15例。；2例（10%）为后天继发性局限性中耳胆脂瘤，病变主要位于上鼓室。所有患者均顺利完成手术，术后3个月均干耳。19例（95%）患者无复发。患者均随访1年以上，平均随访（34±8）个月，1例（5%）III期先天性胆脂瘤复发，再次行耳内镜经耳道径路手术，随访26个月未见复发。术前患者平均气导听阈（37.3±9.3）dB，术后平均气导听阈（29.8±6.3）dB，术后听力明显改善（P<0.05）。结论 儿童中耳胆脂瘤以先天性胆脂瘤常见。对于术前评估为局限性的中耳胆脂瘤患儿（Potsic分期I-III期），耳内镜下经耳道径路手术可提供清晰广角视野，在少量骨质切除的情况下，能更加微创地处理胆脂瘤并进行听骨链重建，病变残留复发率少，手术效果佳，是值得提倡的治疗方案。     

耳内镜下中耳手术及鼓室成形术效果分析

目的探讨耳内镜下鼓室成形的可行性及疗效。方法回顾性分析2016年5月至2017年4月我科采用耳内镜下对42例慢性化脓性中耳炎、上鼓室胆脂瘤及鼓室硬化症的患者进行鼓室探查、上鼓室进路乳突根治加鼓室成型术,观察鼓膜愈合成功率,并比较手术前及手术后3个月平均气导听阈(PTA)及气骨导差(A-B gap)。结果42例患者术后鼓膜一期完全愈合40例(占95.2%),遗留穿孔2例(占4.8%)者均在门诊耳内镜下处理后完全愈合。术前患者平均气导听阈52.32±14.70 d B HL,术后3个月平均气导听阈30.59±12.16 d B HL,听力提高程度具有统计学意义(P<0.001)。3例患者术后出现皮瓣部分缺血坏死,经门诊处理后恢复。未出现严重感音神经性耳聋,无面瘫及眩晕并发症。结论:耳内镜下中耳手术及鼓室成形术具有良好的可行性。部分经过选择的中耳胆脂瘤也适合耳内镜下进行。耳内镜下具有视野广阔清晰,手术时间较短、术中出血量少、术后恢复快及听力效果良好、并发症少等优点,是未来中耳手术的一个热点及方向,但单手操作等缺点仍需术者熟练克服。     

耳道径路全内镜下中耳胆脂瘤切除术可行性分析

目的探讨耳道径路全内镜下中耳胆脂瘤切除术的临床疗效及可行性。方法回顾江门中心医院2014年7月～2018年8月采用耳道径路全内镜下切除的30例中耳胆脂瘤患者的临床资料。30例患者中19例胆脂瘤局限于中耳鼓室腔，未超越鼓窦入口；11例患者胆脂瘤超越鼓窦入口，侵及鼓窦但未累及乳突腔。结果30例患者术后鼓膜均一期愈合，无一例出现严重感音神经性耳聋、面瘫、眩晕及脑膜炎等并发症。术后患耳听力改善者27例，听力无改善者3例；术后1个月内干耳者25例，1~2个月干耳者5例。随访至今，所有患者均未出现胆脂瘤复发，无二次手术者。结论耳道径路全内镜下中耳胆脂瘤切除术是一种安全有效的手术方法。该术式具有视野广阔清晰、操作简单、美容、术中出血少、创伤小、并发症少及术后恢复快优点，值得临床推广。     

持续灌流模式下的耳内镜外科手术

鉴于传统耳内镜手术方式的一些缺陷,一种新型的持续灌流模式下的耳内镜外科手术模式得以形成和发展。镜头需要反复擦拭、单手操作限制、术中磨骨困难等一系列问题得到了有效解决。本文详细地介绍了持续灌流模式下的耳内镜外科手术模式的应用原理、使用方法、技术优点、临床应用场景和技术不足,有助于学习和开展该手术方式。     

The cholesteatomatous ear one year after surgery with obliteration technique

Fifty-seven patients with middle ear cholesteatoma were treated surgically by eradicating the cholesteatoma after a canal wall-down procedure had been performed. During the same session the canal wall was rebuilt with autologous bone, the tympanic membrane repaired with fascia, and the mastoid cavity and epitympanic space obliterated with autologous cortical mastoid bone chips and a retroauricular, anteriorly based muscle flap. One year later a second look procedure was performed in all the patients (N = 57), which permitted the anatomic effects of the obliteration operation to be mapped out before ossicular reconstruction was undertaken. At three, six, and twelve months after the first operation any secretion from the ear was recorded. Recurrent cholesteatoma was not found in any single case, residual cholesteatoma in only three cases (5.3%). The tympanic membrane was intact in fifty-four cases (94.7%) and perforated in three, none of which was combined with a residual cholesteatoma. Even though twenty-four of the fifty-seven cases had a secreting ear before the eradicating operation, fifty-six (98.2%) stayed dry during the year of observation between the two operations. Therefore, with very few exceptions, a dry, cholesteatoma-free ear and an intact tympanic membrane may be expected one year postoperatively in patients with middle ear cholesteatoma surgically treated using the described obliteration technique.     

全耳内镜下中耳乳突部胆脂瘤手术的短期效果观察

目的探讨经外耳道全耳内镜下处理中耳乳突部胆脂瘤的可行性和有效性。方法回顾性分析2019年9月至2020年5月收治的32例累及乳突的胆脂瘤患者经外耳道全耳内镜下的手术临床资料。结果32例患者气导平均听阈术前为56.52±4.89dB HL,术后6月为38.49±3.82)dBHL,差异有统计学意义(t=22.59,P=0.00);平均气骨导距术前为31.45±4.52dBHL,术后6月为17.36±5.14 dBHL,差异有统计学意义(t=15.35,P=0.00)。所有患者鼓膜愈合良好,人工听骨无外露脱出,无面瘫、无眩晕,无听力进一步下降。结论经外耳道入路全耳内镜下乳突部手术术后患者听力较前提高,是安全有效的手术方式。     

Use of porcine small intestinal submucosa for pediatric endoscopic tympanic membrane repair

Tympanic membrane perforationsoccur frequently in children, and can result in hearing loss, otorrhea, pain, and cholesteatoma. Due to the narrower ear canal in children, a postauricular incision is often needed to access the tympanic membrane for surgical repair. Endoscopic approaches are increasingly being used for tympanic membrane repair, reducing the need for postauricular incisions. As the need for a postauricular incision decreases, the demand for non-autologous grafting material has increased. Acellular porcine small intestinal submucosa (SIS) has been described in the literature as an alternative to commonly used autologous grafts, and is well suited for use with transcanal endoscopic ear surgery as a minimally invasive approach. This paper describes techniques for use of SIS in endoscopic tympanic membrane repair in children.     

Transcanal endoscopic treatment of benign middle ear neoplasms

The application of endoscopic surgery for middle ear pathologies is rapidly increasing. At present, its main application is in the treatment of middle ear cholesteatoma. This report describes the application of this technique as treatment for some benign lesions that may involve the middle ear cleft. A retrospective chart review of six patients who underwent exclusive endoscopic tympanic cavity surgery for benign neoplasms was performed between November 2011 and January 2012. Based on charts, images, and surgical reports, data from the patients were summarized for further consideration. All of the six lesions were in the tympanic cavity without involvement of the mastoid region. An exclusive endoscopic transcanal approach was used in all cases. No patient showed signs or symptoms of pathology recurrence. Endoscopic transcanal excision of benign tympanic cavity neoplasms represents a safe procedure, with minimal morbidity and without external incisions or mastoidectomies.     

Current trends and applications in endoscopy for otology and neurotology

There has been a rapid increase in endoscopic ear surgery for the management of middle ear and lateral skull base disease in children and adults over the last decade. In this review paper, we discuss the current trends and applications of the endoscope in the field of otology and neurotology. Advantages of the endoscope include excellent ergonomics, compatibility with pediatric anatomy, and improved access to the middle ear through the external auditory canal. Transcanal endoscopic ear surgery has demonstrated comparable outcomes in the management of cholesteatoma, tympanic membrane perforations, and otosclerosis as compared to microscopic approaches, while utilizing less invasive surgical corridors and reducing the need for postauricular incisions. When a postauricular approach is required, the endoscopic-assisted transmastoid approach can avoid a canal wall down mastoidectomy in cases of cholesteatoma. The endoscope also has utility in treatment of superior canal dehiscence and various skull base lesions including glomus tumors, meningiomas, and vestibular schwannomas. Outside of the operating room, the endoscope can be used during examination of the outer and middle ear and for debridement of complex mastoid cavities. For these reasons, the endoscope is currently poised to transform the field of otology and neurotology.     

Malleus removal and total cartilage reinforcement in intact canal wall tympanoplasty for cholesteatoma

This study analyzes the morphological and hearing results obtained from intact canal wall cholesteatoma surgery by removing the malleus, reinforcing the whole tympanic membrane with cartilage, and performing an ossiculoplasty with a hydroxyapatite prosthesis. The results were compared to those obtained in intact canal wall cholesteatoma surgery by preserving the malleus manubrium, partially reinforcing the tympanic membrane with cartilage, and predominantly using an ossicle to perform the ossiculoplasty. One- or two-stage intact canal wall procedures were performed in 390 adult patients (416 ears) who had a nonoperated middle ear cholesteatoma. Recurrent and residual cholesteatoma rates were evaluated. Hearing results were analyzed according to the Committee on Hearing and Equilibrium Guidelines of the American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery. There was a statistically significant decrease in the recurrence rate in patients who had total cartilage reinforcement of the tympanic membrane versus patients who had partial tympanic membrane cartilage reinforcement. This technique using a hydroxyapatite prosthesis for ossiculoplasty gave good hearing results.     

耳内镜下异体真皮基质修补鼓膜大穿孔

目的探讨耳内镜下用异体真皮基质修补鼓膜大穿孔的可行性及效果。方法回顾性分析45例鼓膜大穿孔患者的临床资料,患者术前分别行耳内镜检查、听力学检查,有中耳感染史者行CT检查。其中术前电测听语言频率平均气骨导间距(ABG)为(31.23±1.52)dB。45例患者均在耳内镜下经外耳道径路翻起外耳道鼓膜皮瓣,用异体真皮基质内植修补鼓膜。结果术后随访6个月至2年,术后3个月时一次性穿孔愈合率91％。术后3个月复查电测听,平均ABG为(13.07±2.00)dB,与术前比较差异具有统计学意义(t=8.09, P<0.00)。结论耳内镜下异体真皮基质内植修补鼓膜大穿孔,具有微创,体表无切口,愈合率高等特点。     

Giant cholesteatoma of the external ear canal after myringoplasty

Cholesteatoma are specially localized in middle ear and mastoid process, although sometimes is the external ear canal which shows the disorder. Usually its a appearance is spontaneous. We report a rare case of gigantic cholesteatoma which origin was the previous otologic surgery done because of the inclusion of a bit of epithelial tissue inside the surgical incision. Similar outcomes justify periodical checking after ear surgery with outlining a tympanomeatal flap.